VECTOR

ANALYSI
Preasented By Group-7
S (11+12)D
1. Nusrat jahan
ID: EEE1703012041
2. Md. Imran Hossain Chowdhury
ID: EEE1703012094
3. Razib Hossain Dipu
ID: EEE1703012047
4. Ashfaq Hasan Shakil
ID: EEE1703012109
VECTOR
A vector is a quantity which has both magnitude and
direction.
We will denote vectors by bold-faced letters or
letters with an arrow over them. Thus the
vPecQtor A
may be denoted by A or as in figure. The
s
magnitude or length of the vector is then denoted by
PQ , A , A , or A
VECTOR

we introduce the concept of a vector as a directed line

segment PQ from one point P to another Q. Here P is
called the initial point or origin of PQ , and Q is
called the terminal point , end, or terminus of the
vector.
Q
Q
A B

P P
SCALARS

A scalar is a quantity which has only magnitude but no

direction.
Such as mass, length and temperature.
VECTOR ALGEBRA:
There are two basic operations with vectors:
a)Vector addition and b) Scalar multiplication.

Vector addition: 
Consider vectors A and B , pictured in figure- 2(a).
The sum or resultant of A and B, is a vector 
formed by placing the initial point of Bon the
tCerminal point of Aand then joining theinitial
point of Ato the terminal point of 
,pictured in
fig-2(b). The sum is written by 
CAB
 B
  
 B A B
A

C A B
Fig-2(a) fig- 2(b)

SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

 
Let a be any vector and m be any given scalar,ma
denotes the m times of the vector a in the
direction of a .

is given by,
The length or modulus ma


ma m

a  ma
UNIT VECTOR
Unit vectors are vectors having unit length.
Suppose A is any vector with length A 0
 A
a  is a unit vector.

A

Null Vector
A null vector is a vector whose module or
magnitude is zero and is denoted by 0

 
a  0, we define a
as a zero vector.
EQUAL VECTOR
Two vectors are equal if they have the same
magnitude and direction.

Collinear Vector
Vectors which have the same support are said to be
collinear and the line is known as the line of vectors.

Coplanar Vector
A system of vectors is said to be coplanar if their
supports are parallel to the same plane.
MULTIPLE PRODUCT OF VECTORS

(a)Dot or Scalar Product


The dot or scalar
 product of two vectors Aof
and
denoted

by and is defined as the product
A.B   B
the magnitudes of A and B and the cosine of the
angle  between them. In symbols,
 
A.B  A B cos , 0   

PROPOSITION


Suppose A, B, C are vectors and m is a scalar. Then
the following laws hold :
 
(i) A.B B.A
 , [Commutative law for dot product]
  
  C)  A.B
(ii) A.(B   A.C [Distributive
,(iii) m(     law] 
 (mA).B
 A.B)  
 A.(mB)
  ( A.B)m
 
i .i 
(iv)  j. j   1 and i . j
 j.  i  0
k .k
k
k.
CROSS PRODUCT
The cross product of vectors A andB is a vector as
follows: 
The magnitude of C A  B isequal to the product of
the magnitudes of Aand B and the sine of the angle 
between them.
  
The direction
of A B isperpendicular
Cthat to the
plane of A and B . So A, B, C  form a right
handed system. In symbols, 

 
A B A  B sin nˆ, 0   
  

where nˆ is a unit vector indicating the direction of A

B
 PROPOSITION

Suppose A,B and C are vectors and m is a scalar.
 
Then, 
 B  (B  A)
(i) A [Commutative
,       law]
(ii) A(B
  C)  ( A B)  ( A C) [Distributive
law]       
A B)  (mA)  B  A(mB)  ( A
(iii) m( 
B)m      
(iv) i  i  j  j    0
    k k
i  j  ; j
i ; i  j
k k k
TRIPLE PRODUCT
 B,
A, 
Dot and cross multiplication of three vectors
may produce meaningful products, called triple C
  C)and A (B C)
  A.(B
products of the form ( A.B)C,   
Proposition
 

  
(i) A.(B C)    A)  
B(C C(A
B)      
(ii) A  C)
 (B   (A.C)B
  
A.B)C ( A B)  C 
(
( A.C)B  (B.C) A