Newten.

tn
erpololio pCX
AotailX Xo ta2CX xo CX XD an x Xo X XD X Xn D

satisfies Phi Yi fi o n

p Xo Yo do Yo
pH Ya Aot a Xn Xo Ya
a Y divided difference

plXz Yz Got a Ha XD tAz Xz Xo CXz Xi Ya

Ya Yi Yi
as Ex x divided difference

0 ri operations foster thon Gouss OCP operations

Constructthefinitedifferences

Wont to show aw y Xo Xk Y lxi e.XKJ y x o.lk

Xk Xo

Proof Let Pw be polynomial of degree mox.la

a

Pkk posses though the points Go Yo Xk yk

PHX Aot a X Xo ta x Xo CX Xi t take x Xo x Xia

b
Xo yo
Pk 3
Y z az
Pdx ya
Xz
Cx ao a

Pk Xk Yw
Ceo determined big point Kayo
ai l points Go yo Xi Yi
 AK l l XK l YK 1

Assume we have PK i G possing through points 0,1 K i

Wonted AK such thot Pk Cx posses also through point k

X Ao t ai X Xo AK l x Xo X Xk
Pk 2

Pkt Xi ye ti 0 K I grade
y
Let Pkk Pk 1 x XK X t
f 9 kik
E
difference between and
PkCXk YR 9 Kt ya
Xk
PK
ofK l XK Yk
Pk Xi E Yi i L k r

Pk 1 Xi XK Xi Yi xk
Exo Xk Xo

Yi Til t
o
9 Kiki

qidxi Yi Yi Yi
Efi o

Now we have 2
types ofpolynomials
PK i Xi Yi t i O K I

Pky X Ao t ai X Xo AK l X Xo X XK 2

Xi Yi t i 1 K
GK l
9k n x bo t b X Xi bK l X Xi X Xk 1

Determine ak coefficient of x

PKK Pk i Cx X 9 kik
Eff
t
y o

Ako Y txr XKJ Y xo

9f jb XK.
Xo K
K
 a
5n az

I
y
Xz Yz
ja
Xz 43
3
ax't 3 72 1 3 4 t x't
a 3 I
3 t 1 x Xo t 2 X Xo x Xi

3 t x Xo t 242 Xo X X X XoXi

Interpolation error estimate

Examples fsin sink

piecewise interpolation
fferro sx
linear
interpolation
Nodes Xi Xo ti h E aib i o n

linear interpolation

Ifk peut S SE Eats

e
2,4 f
E E
hj moi sin cx X E 6,21T
I

Assume 4
error EE 0 5.10
2

tf h E 2.10
E E 0,02

on o interne 79 points
Io are necessary
 Optimal choice for the interpolobon nodes
Tn k hasthe least modulus solve among allpolynomials
with leadin coefficient
of degree is I

if Xi are roots of Tn VV GK Ito X Xi Think

port ofthe interpolation

error term
To show Tn X cosCn arcaes CA XE E l B is a polynomial
show thot Tnt 2 Xo ThCX Th i CX recursion

Proof e Y einY
n
cos de Moine's
Icosytisiny y tisinky
formula
Lemma i show the following identity
2
a
tp atp x t
p j xp xk pk

pTfYI
apex t pk 7
Pig
tp
I
Now let a cosy t isin y
p cosy i siny a't
x 1
p
Atp 2 cosy

IN cos y t isin y cos

lay tis in Ky
cosy i siny isin
p aesky Ky
21 cos y 21cosy 2 o cosKk My 21cos e y
aes 2 cosy cosCCK Ny cosKk 2 y
Ky
 Let y arcos x k htt

cos htt areas x 2 x cos n araces x cos 1 areas x

Tnt H Th x Tn l G
since To t

Tn X

Tn ex is a
polynomial
Roots of the Chebyshev polynomials
Xi cos
Git i o n 1

Proof Thai cos n arcaes cos

2i
217
wsffn.cat TJ LfitI TJ
aes o

n real roots for Tn k use as interpolation nodes

Here Xi E E t t

Ai
Illl l l l l l 111
1 y

arbitrary internal Ea
Nodes on an b

X C t Ca t
t c E i i xEq5f
XU b at Ca s a
Etfs Ca
Sza
XC 1 a a a a
 High
Xi t cos i o n
biz bad

Cubicsplinese
Linear port A Yi t BYiti
AX Xi Aki z BCA o

J
Xia Xi
Acxite o D Xin 1
Bex ay
s YG AB
D Akil yit Daily it Yi
X Akin Yi Bait Yiti Yitt

ti Iif
Now assume that the nobles y cxi are known
y Xi Yi
Let c A's A Xin Xi
f
DG 133 B Xi
I Xin

ACN t B to t
y yi yin yi Deny it

polynomial of degrees oherethe 2nd derivative vories

linearly from yi to
yi't
the nobles at Xi Xin 0

Proof A A ACAZ 1 ACA 1 Ati

A Xi A Xi 0

A xit Akita O

B B BCB 1 Bti B B
µ
o

133 13
l i
o
Proof defy Yi 3M Yi Kita Xi

3132
Git Xi
yit
d A Yi t B Yi t linear function

A Xi 1 Akita o Xi Yi
ql z

BCxith o B Xi o Xin y it
dd
fz
Determine
yi such that the first derivative is continuous

everywhere
right Exit Xi Ae Gi
left
ti o
left
Be Xi I

right Xi Xin Ar Xi I

Br Xi o

First derivative
Yi't Ki
3ft Ki xityi
dYe i Y xi 1 t
ii i
d Yi Kita xi
i 3ft
Qin Xi yi't

continuity in Xi Ye ki t yicxi
Yi't Ki
3ft Ki xia yi
Y xi t t
ii
3 Yi Xin Xi t Exit Xi yi't

equations for determining Yi

 Xi Xi c y't t 2 Xin Xi i
yi t Kitt Xi yi't's

6
i i iI i

Unknown Yi for c o n htt

n n equations
Equations

Periodicspeines
S fix Periodic continuoson
Ye
yd
e

Joo a hH Xnt xo
Xo X1 on
Knt h
w w
b h
i 0 A 2 3 4
X I O l 2 3

5 g 5 2
y
c 1 r Yo t 2 Yi t r Yz G 9 5 108

c 2 a y t 242 t 1 43 6 2 90
5,1 94
c t 1 18
3 a yz t 243 Y 6
2,25 EIS
t
4
anti