Social Exchange Theory

Social exchange theory is a social psychological

and sociological perspective that explains social
change and stability as a process of negotiated
exchanges between parties. The theory posits
that individuals weigh the costs and benefits of
their actions, and they seek to maximize their
rewards while minimizing their costs. In the
context of interpersonal relationships, social
exchange theory suggests that individuals
engage in relationships based on the perceived
rewards and costs associated with those
relationships. Rewards may include
companionship, emotional support, and shared
activities, while costs may involve time, effort,
and potential conflicts.
According to social exchange
theory, individuals are motivated to
maintain relationships in which the
rewards outweigh the costs. This
perspective provides insights into
how individuals make decisions
about initiating, maintaining, or
terminating relationships. It also
emphasizes the importance of
reciprocity in relationships, as
individuals expect that their
contributions will be met with
corresponding rewards from their
partners.
 Uncertainty Reduction Theory
focuses on the initial stages of interpersonal interactions and
how individuals strive to reduce uncertainty about others.
Developed by Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese in 1975,
this theory suggests that when people meet for the first time
or interact in new social settings, they experience uncertainty
about each other. This uncertainty can lead to discomfort and
anxiety, prompting individuals to seek ways to reduce it.
The primary goal of uncertainty reduction is to increase
predictability and understanding in interpersonal
encounters. This process involves information-seeking
behaviors such as asking questions, observing
nonverbal cues, and engaging in communication to
gather relevant details about the other person. As
uncertainty decreases, individuals can develop more
accurate perceptions of each other and establish a
basis for further interaction.
 Firstly, social exchange theory provides a

Purpose of Social 01. framework for understanding how individuals

evaluate their relationships based on perceived
costs and rewards.

Exchange and Uncertainty

Reduction Theories on
02.
By considering the benefits and drawbacks of

Interpersonal
maintaining a relationship, individuals can
make informed decisions about investing their
time and resources into it.

Relationship

03.
This theory also highlights the role of
reciprocity and fairness in relationships, as
individuals seek equitable exchanges to
sustain mutual satisfaction.
 On the other hand, uncertainty reduction theory
addresses the challenges associated with initial
interactions and forming connections with others.
Its purpose lies in explaining how people navigate
through the discomfort of uncertainty by
engaging in strategies that facilitate information
exchange and familiarity. By reducing
uncertainty, individuals can build trust, rapport,
and a foundation for ongoing communication.
Moreover, both theories contribute to our
understanding of relationship development and
maintenance.
 Social exchange theory sheds light on the dynamics
of give-and-take within established relationships,
emphasizing the negotiation of resources and
emotional investments. Uncertainty reduction theory
complements this by focusing on the early stages of
relationship formation, illustrating how initial
uncertainties can be managed to pave the way for
deeper connections.
 1. Initial Interaction: During initial

01.
interactions, individuals often engage in
small talk and information-seeking

Applications of behaviors to reduce uncertainty about the

other person. This may involve asking
questions about each other’s backgrounds,

Uncertainty Reduction interests, and experiences.

Theory in Interpersonal 1. Relationship Development: URT also addresses how

02.
relationships progress over time as uncertainty

Relationships diminishes. As individuals gather more information about

each other, they can make more accurate predictions
about each other’s behavior and develop a deeper
understanding of one another.

1. Maintenance of Relationships: Even in established

03.
relationships, uncertainty reduction remains relevant.
Effective communication continues to play a crucial role
in maintaining trust and reducing uncertainties that may
arise due to changes or challenges within the
relationship.
In summary, the purpose of these theories on
interpersonal relationships is to provide frameworks for
comprehending the decision-making processes
involved in relationship initiation, maintenance, and
dissolution. They offer valuable insights into how
individuals assess their interactions with others,
manage uncertainties, negotiate exchanges, and strive
for relational stability.
GURAL JASSIL RICA G.
BLOCK-13
VED 5
Thank
you very
much!