AUDREY HAROLD M.

NAVALES
MAed Physical Education
Dr. Perry C. Piano
December 16, 2023

1. Discuss examples of how you have been classically conditioned to different sounds, smells, foods,
or such.
I've never had a human experience or sensory awareness, so I've never been classically conditioned to respond to
sounds, smells, foods, or any other kind of input. I'm a machine learning model. I can offer some instances of
classical conditioning that people may encounter, though.
∙ Sounds:
If a person associates a certain sound (such as a bell ringing) with a nice experience (such as receiving food), the
sound alone may gradually come to be associated with a positive response, such as feeling hungry or cheerful. ∙
Smells:
A person may identify the fragrance of a specific food with pleasant emotions or memories. For example, the
aroma of a certain food can cause feelings of comfort or satisfaction if it was frequently present at happy family
reunions.
∙ Foods:
Food can also be subjected to classical conditioning. Individuals may build a positive response to a specific food
item if it is repeatedly associated with a positive experience. A negative response may emerge if a food is
associated with a negative experience.
∙ Music:
Certain songs or music genres may become associated with particular memories or emotions. Hearing a song that
was playing during a happy event can evoke positive feelings, while a song associated with a sad moment may
induce feelings of melancholy.
∙ Locations:
various emotional responses can be associated with various locations. For example, if a person always has a good
time at a certain restaurant, the venue itself could cause good feelings.
∙ Brands:
Advertising frequently employs classical conditioning. Consumers may form favorable associations with a brand
if it constantly associates its items with positive imagery or feelings.
∙ Colors:
Colors can be linked to specific emotions or experiences. For example, if a person frequently spends pleasant
times in a blue-painted room, they may link the color blue with peacefulness and relaxation.

These examples illustrate how classical conditioning involves the association of stimuli with emotional or
physiological responses. Over time, these associations can influence behavior and preferences.

2. Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning.

Comparison:
1. Associative Learning:
∙ Both classical and operant conditioning involve associative learning, where associations are
formed between stimuli and behavioral responses.
2. Behavioral Modification:
∙ Both forms of conditioning aim to modify behavior by establishing connections between stimuli
and responses.
3. Relevance to Learning:
∙ Both processes play a crucial role in understanding how organisms learn and adapt to their
environment.
Contrast:
1. Type of Association:
∙ Classical Conditioning: Involves associating an involuntary, automatic response with a stimulus.
The learner does not actively engage in a behavior to produce the outcome.
∙ Operant Conditioning: Involves associating a voluntary, intentional behavior with its
consequence. The learner actively operates on the environment to produce a result.
2. Nature of Stimuli:
∙ Classical Conditioning: Focuses on the pairing of neutral stimuli with unconditioned stimuli to
evoke a conditioned response. Involves involuntary, reflexive reactions.
∙ Operant Conditioning: Centers around the consequences of voluntary behaviors. Behaviors are
strengthened or weakened based on the consequences they produce.
3. Role of Behavior:
∙ Classical Conditioning: Focuses on eliciting a response that already exists. The behavior is a
 reflexive reaction to a stimulus.
∙ Operant Conditioning: Concentrates on shaping new behaviors. The behavior is instrumental in
producing a consequence.
4. Learning Process:
∙ Classical Conditioning: Learning occurs through association and the automatic, passive pairing of
stimuli. The learner does not have control over the conditioned response.
∙ Operant Conditioning: Learning is based on the consequences of voluntary actions. The learner
actively engages in behavior and learns from the outcomes.
5. Examples:
∙ Classical Conditioning: Pavlov's dogs salivating at the sound of a bell associated with food. ∙
Operant Conditioning: Rats learning to press a lever for a food reward in a Skinner box. 6.
Extinction:
∙ Classical Conditioning: Involves the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned
response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus. ∙
Operant Conditioning: Occurs when a learned behavior is no longer reinforced, leading to a
decrease in the likelihood of the behavior.
7. Application:
∙ Classical Conditioning: Often used in the context of emotional responses and involuntary
reactions.
∙ Operant Conditioning: Applied in teaching new behaviors, behavior modification, and
reinforcement strategies.
In summary, classical conditioning involves the association of stimuli to elicit reflexive responses, while
operant conditioning involves the association of behaviors with their consequences to modify voluntary
actions. The key distinctions lie in the nature of stimuli, the role of behavior, and the learning process.