San Tren Nen Be Tong Cot Soi Dramix

PHỤ LỤC TÍNH TOÁN
NỀN XƯỞNG
2Tm2 5 rack Viet Solution Construction Consultants Co., Ltd
958/26/17 Lac Long Quan Street,Ward 8
VN-Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City 70000
®
Dramix Pro Slab on Ground
Saw Cut Floor
Extended Calculation Note
Dramix® Steel Fibre Reinforced
This calculation is only valid for DRAMIX® steel fibres.

Using fibres of any other kind is strictly prohibited and Bekaert will refuse any liability or warranty.
Project 2Tm2 5 rack

object
street
location
remark
Customer
street
location
e-mail
phone
contact
internet INPUT
date 1-11-2022
This report was prepared by:
Viet Solution Construction Consultants Co., Ltd

Vu Hoang Tran
tran.vh@giaiphapviet.com.vn
T +84 948479496
M +84 948479496
http://giaiphapviet.com.vn/ Slab on Ground 2.1.0
01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

4:56 PM © NV Bekaert SA, Bekaertstraat 2, B-8550 Zwevegem, www.bekaert.com/building 1 / 31
Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENT______________________________________________________________ 2
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS__________________________________________________________ 3
FLOOR TYPE: SAW CUT FLOOR_____________________________________________________ 7
INPUT DATA______________________________________________________________ 7
Floor data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calculation Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applied Material Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety Factors and Coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 ........................
Soil Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ........................
Elastic Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 ........................
Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
.......................
Loads and Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 ........................
RESISTING FORCES______________________________________________________________ 17
Sectional Moment Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 ........................
ACTING FORCES______________________________________________________________ 20
Load case: 4 points in line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ........................
Load case: 4 points in rectangle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 ........................
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 ........................
Load case: Uniformly distributed loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 ........................
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS_____________________________________________________ 27
Calculation Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 ........................
Conclusion and Proposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 ........................
Additional Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 .......................
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 ........................
Liability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
........................


Terms and Definitions

αcc Coefficient accounting for long term effects on the compressive strength and of unfavorable
effects resulting from the way the load is applied
αchar Coefficient accounting for the SFRC variation in a specific application
αci Factor to convert from residual flexural strength to residual tensile strength (i = s, u)
αct Coefficient accounting for long term effects on the residual strength, calibrated to the material
safety factor
αti Factor to convert from residual flexural strength to residual tensile strength (i = s, u)
β Ratio of long to short dimensions of the loaded area
β1 Factor relating depth of equivalent rectangular compressive stress block to neutral axis depth
βe, βi Coefficient accounting for the eccentricity of the support reaction with regard to the control
perimeter (e = edge, i = interior)
βcc(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the compressive strength of concrete
βct(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the first crack strength of concrete
βcE(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the Young's modulus of concrete
βcf(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the residual strength of concrete
γk Constant in the soil pressure expression: γk = p0d ∙ lel² / Ved
γci Partial factor for concrete in compression (i=c) and tension (i=t)
γf Partial factor for steel fibre concrete in tension
γs Partial factor for reinforcing steel
γM Partial factor for materials
γQ Partial factor for loads
Δ Estimated opening of a saw cut joint
εc Compressive strain in the concrete
εcu Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete
εf Tensile strain in the Dramix® steel fibre concrete
εfu Ultimate compressive strain in the Dramix® steel fibre concrete
εs Tensile strain in the reinforcing steel
εsu Ultimate tensile strain in the reinforcing steel
η Factor defining the effective strength when using a rectangular stress distribution
κchar Characteristic factor
κG Factor accounting for volume and scale effects
κO Factor accounting for orientation effects of steel fibres
λ Factor defining the effective height of the compression zone
λ Modification factor if lightweight concrete is used (here: out of scope)
λel λel = 1 / lel
ν Poisson's ratio
ρl Reinforcement ratio for longitudinal reinforcement
ξ Ratio x / dSFRC
tan α Tangent of the angle between the negative and the positive yield line at a free edge
φ Dynamic magnification factor
χ Joint type dependent load reduction factor
ϕ Strength reduction factor
θ Joint effectiveness factor


As Cross sectional area of the bending reinforcement
CBR California bearing ratio
d Effective depth of a cross-section (reinforcement)
deff Effective depth of the slab, layer thickness
dF Groove depth for line load(s)
ds Diameter of a reinforcing bar
dSFRC Effective depth of a cross-section (SFRC)
E Dynamic modulus of elasticity of a subgrade layer
Ecm Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete
Es Design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel
EVi Deformation modulus (i = 1, 2)
F Force, point load, linear load or uniformly distributed load
f'c Specified compressive strength of concrete
fcfm,L1 Mean residual flexural strength of SFRC according to DAfStb at deflection 1 (SLS)
fcfm,L2 Mean residual flexural strength of SFRC according to DAfStb at deflection 2 (ULS)
fcd Design value of concrete compressive strength
fck Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days
fctd,s Design value of the residual tensile strength of SFRC at small strains
fctd,u Design value of the residual tensile strength of SFRC at ultimate strain
fctd,ε Design value of the residual tensile strength of SFRC at a given strain
fctk,fl Characteristic value of flexural tensile strength of concrete
fctm,fl Mean value of flexural tensile strength of concrete
feq,150 Equivalent flexural strength according to JSCE for the deflection l/150
feq,450 Equivalent flexural strength according to JSCE for the deflection l/450
fns Nominal axial tensile strength corresponding to the strain of 0.3‰
fnu Nominal axial tensile strength corresponding to the strain limit of 25‰
fR,ik Characteristic residual flexural strength of SFRC according to EN 14651 at CMODᵢ
fR,im Mean residual flexural strength of SFRC according to EN 14651 at CMODᵢ (i = 1, 2, 3, 4)
fs Stress in tensile mild reinforcement
Fs Size factor
ft Axial tensile strength of concrete
fyd Design yield strength of reinforcement
fyk Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement
h Overall depth of a cross section
k Modulus of subgrade reaction
KC Coefficient accounting for the SFRC variation in a specific application
KO Factor accounting for orientation effects of steel fibres
KS Factor accounting for volume and scale effects
L Maximum panel length or maximum joint distance
l Minimum panel length or minimum joint distance transverse to L
lel Elastic length (defined elsewhere)
m Ed Design value of the applied internal bending moment (bottom)


m'Ed Design value of the applied internal bending moment (top)
m Rd Design value of the resisting bending moment (bottom)
m'Rd Design value of the resisting bending moment (top)
Mu Factored positive moment per unit slab width, tension at bottom slab surface
M'u Factored negative moment per unit slab width, tension at top slab surface
Mn Nominal positive flexural strength per unit slab width, tension at bottom slab surface
M'n Nominal negative flexural strength per unit slab width, tension at top slab surface
pEd Design value of the applied soil pressure (under the applied load)
p'Ed Design value of the applied soil pressure (under the negative yield line)
pod Peak soil pressure under a concentrated design load (assumed soil pressure distribution)
pRd Design value of the resisting soil pressure
pw Slab projection
r0 Radius of circular yield line in top surface
pm Average soil pressure under punching cone
rc Contact radius of a point load or group of point loads
Re,i Ratio fi / fctm,fl or fi / fr respectively (i = R,1m, R,2m, R,3m, R,4m, eq,150, eq,450)
rw Contact radius of a wheel load or group of wheel loads
Sds n/a
sx,inner Distance between centres of gravity of load halves with twin loading or distributed double-
symmetrical loading area with arbitrary form or between the outer loads of 3 or more points in line
sx,edge || Distance from centre of gravity of the load halves to the axis of symmetry at right-angles to the
free edge respectively for half the loading area with arbitrarily distributed edge loading
sx,edge ├ Distance from the centre of gravity of the quarter area to the long axis of symmetry
sy,inner Distance from the centre of gravity of the quarter area to the long axis of symmetry with arbitrary,
double.-symmetrical loading area
sy,edge || Distance from centre of gravity to the free edge
sy,edge ├ Distance from centre of gravity to the free edge
SFRC Steel fibre reinforced concrete
u0 Control perimeter at the column face
u1 Basic control perimeter
VEd Design value of the acting shear or punching shear force
VEd,red Design value of the acting shear force, reduced by the counteracting soil pressure
vmin Minimum (punching) shear resistance
vRd,c Design value for the (punching) shear capacity
vRd,c,0 Design value for the (punching) shear capacity
vRd,f,0 Design value for the (punching) shear capacity (fibres, concrete age dependent)
vRd,f,0(κG) Design value for the (punching) shear capacity (fibres, concrete age dependent, incl. κG)
x Base plate dimension in global x-direction, depth of the compression zone
x' Distance in global x-direction between free edge, joint or corner and the outer edge of the first
base plate, perpendicular to the free edge, joint or corner
xe Distance between the applied line load and the occurring negative yield line in case of an edge
line load


xi Distance between the occurring negative and positive yield line in case of an interior line load
y Base plate dimension in global y-direction
y' Distance in global y-direction between free edge, joint or corner and the outer edge of the first
base plate, parallel to the free edge, joint or corner
c Index: concrete
f Index: steel fibre reinforced concrete
f+r Index: combined reinforced concrete (steel fibres + mild steel)
t Index: Age of concrete (standard: t = 28 days)
|| Symbol: load is parallel to a free edge or joint

├ Symbol: load is perpendicular to a free edge or joint
──── primary joint (dowelled joint)
─── secondary joint (saw cut joint)
──── free edge
NOTE: depending on the chosen design approach, some terms and definitions may not be applicable.

Floor Type: Saw Cut Floor
Saw cut floors, in the context of this calculation note, are Dramix® steel fibre reinforced
industrial floor slabs which are poured on top of a sub-base, with or without an intermediate
insulation layer. Saw cut joints are introduced at regular intervals between day or expansion
joints.
Figure: Outline of a saw cut floor (blue) and examples of its substructure (orange: insulation, dark brown: subbase, light
brown: subgrade) - required membranes are not indicated
Saw cut floors are subject to loads from materials stored directly on the slab, storage rack
loads, static loads associated with equipments and dynamic loads associated with vehicles.
Saw cut floors are not an integral part of a building but are completely separated from it. They
shall neither be utilized as a foundation element of a building nor for transferring in-plane forces,
e.g. from tie beams.
This calculation note does not replace the need of proper detailing, suitable concrete
composition, good compaction and appropriate curing. Efforts from all parties involved in the
construction are necessary to meet the expectations.
Detailing and execution has to be done according to the state of the art and the relevant
standards. Execution details for flooring are available through Bekaert and must be complied
with [16], [17].
Although not complete, these construction techniques need to be highlighted and followed:
- To avoid bond with the structural concrete, the insulation material or the sub-base, a
membrane has to be placed wrinkle-free underneath the floor. The membrane has to be
selected based on its properties (specific membranes may be required depending on the
function of the saw cut floor).
- To avoid or control stresses from restrained deformations, the surface on which the saw cut
floor is poured has to be even, with no indents or embossments. The saw cut floor shall be
disconnected from all other elements and structures by means of sufficiently dimensioned
isolation joints. Saw cuts are introduced at regular intervals to eliminate stresses from
restrained deformations.
- To avoid crack propagation, additional reinforcement has to be placed locally around
irregularities such as re-entrant corners, perforations, etc.

Floor data
Description
slab type Saw Cut Floor
slab exposure indoors
ambient conditions tempered
separation layer 1 layer PE-foil (membrane)
Geometry
slab thickness h 180 mm
maximum joint distance L 6.0 m
panel size ratio L/l 1.0 (l = minimum joint distance transverse to L)
Joints
primary joint dowelled joint
secondary joint saw cut joint
Materials
Concrete
concrete class C20/25 (EN)
concrete age at loading 28 days
Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete

Dramix® type 4D 80/60BG (EN 14889-1, system "1", structural use)
dosage 15 kg/m³ (recommended dosage for performance testing)
beam testing according to EN 14651

Please consult Bekaert's instructions for mixing, handling and dosing of Dramix® steel fibres 18.
Reinforcement
layout fibre only
steel ductility recommended class according EN 1992-1-1: B or C
at top
location n/a
bar diameter n/a mm
bar spacing n/a mm
concrete cover n/a mm
at bottom
location n/a
bar diameter n/a mm
bar spacing n/a mm
concrete cover n/a mm
Calculation Approach
based on TR34, 4th edition [15]

Applied Material Properties

Concrete (28 days)
Ecm 30 GN/m²
fck 20 N/mm²
fctm,fl 3.65 N/mm²
fctk,fl 2.92 N/mm²
εcu 3.5 ‰
ν 0.15
Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete (28 days)

f R,1m 1.86 N/mm² (EN 14651)
f R,4m 2.03 N/mm² (EN 14651)
εfu 25.0 ‰
Reinforcement
Es n/a GN/m²
fyk n/a N/mm² (high bond bars)
εsu n/a ‰
Coefficients for time dependent properties

t 28 days
βcc(t) 1.00
βct(t) 1.00
βcE(t) 1.00
βcf(t) 1.00
⁄
( ) =
( ) = ( )
< 28: = 1.0
≥ 28: = 2⁄3
.
( ) = ( )
( ) = ( )
The parameter "s" is chosen conservatively from 0.20 / 0.25 / 0.38.
PPT
dPT

Safety Factors and Coefficients

Point loads
γQ 1.20
Wheel loads
γQ 1.60
φ 1.00
Uniformly Distributed Loads

γQ 1.00
Line Loads
γQ 1.00
Concrete
αcc 0.85
γcc 1.50
γct 1.50

f
α ct 1.00
γf 1.50
Reinforcement
γs 1.15

Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)
Both subgrade and sub-base shall be well drained and provide adequate and uniform support
for the slab. The in-situ properties shall be at least the minimum of what is defined in this
calculation and, if applicable, shall be sufficient to support all occurring construction traffic.
Subgrade and sub-base tolerances have to be chosen so that the slab thickness used in this
calculation can be established everywhere. If rutting or pumping occurs or if any other negative
effect on either the stability or the flatness of the sub-base is observed, immediate repair has to
be undertaken.
If in-situ soil properties do not comply with what is defined in this calculation, a new calculation
based on the actual soil properties is required. In that case, slab thickness and/or the required
(fibre) reinforcement may increase.
For all required plate tests, a plate diameter of at least 750 mm shall be used.
The modulus of subgrade reaction k for the combined reaction of both sub-base and sub-grade
is derived in accordance with [03] for a given k-value of the subgrade and for a given dynamic
modulus of elasticity E of a sub-base layer with thickness h.
h = 180 mm
k1 separation layer
h = 200 mm, E = 200 MN/m²
i=1
k0
k = 0.035 N/mm³
i=0
layer: sub-base and subsoil properties:

Dramix® slab h 180 mm
- - - - - - separation layer 1 layer PE-foil
insulation layer no insulation layer present
sub-base layer 1 h 200 mm E 200 MN/m²
subgrade k 0.035 N/mm³
If an insulation material shall be applied underneath the slab, it has to be considered explicitly in
this calculation. The insulation material selected for this project must satisfy its specific purpose
and also meet or exceed the material properties specified in this calculation.

Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)
Insulation layout: Insulation properties:

no insulation layer present h n/a mm (thickness)
k n/a N/mm³ (long term k-value)
w n/a mm (width of insulation)
Resulting k-values for the calculation of the elastic length:
slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere
= =
, ,
= = 2,7545 10 + + ≤ 10
= 30 + 3360
= 0,3778 ℎ − 43,2
= 0,5654 ln + 0,4139 ln
= −283
= 0,5654 ln
k 0.0509 N/mm³
slab areas with an insulation layer: none present
= ,
kinsulation n/a N/mm³
ksubgrade n/a N/mm³
k n/a N/mm³

Elastic Length
3
= =
ℎ 4 ℎ
=
12 1− ( , ) =
Ec 30000 N/mm² at 28 days

h 180 mm
ν 0.15
Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere
k 0.0509 N/mm³
lel 736 mm
Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present
k n/a N/mm³
lel n/a mm
Soil Pressure
The maximum soil pressure is limited in dependency of k.
= ≤ ,
Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere
k 0.0509 N/mm³
δp 5 mm
pRd,lim 500 kN/m²
pRd 255 kN/m²
Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present
k n/a N/mm³
δp n/a mm
pRd,lim n/a kN/m²
pRd n/a kN/m²

Joints
primary joint
Dowelled joints or - preferably - dowelled joint profiles function as day joints which cater for
breaks in the pouring and the construction process. The panels which are initially formed by
these joints are later cut into smaller panels by introducing saw cut joints.
Primary joints need to provide load transfer capability.
joint type dowelled joint

θ 70%
χ 0.65 = 1 − ⁄2
The joint and dowel design is not covered by this calculation.
secondary joint
Saw cut joints are an essential construction element for this floor type. Their main purpose is to
relieve tensile stresses induced by drying shrinkage or temperature fluctuations.
Sawn joints open slightly as a consequence of accumulating the temperature and shrinkage
movements. The degree of joint opening mainly depends on the joint spacing, the final concrete
shrinkage and temperature difference. The joint opening affects the joint efficiency and thus the
load transfer factor [04].
Figure: relationship between joint opening and joint efficiency [04]

Joints
secondary joint
joint type saw cut joint

L 6.0 m (maximum joint distance L)
panel size ratio L/l 1.0 (l = minimum joint distance transverse to L)
Δ 2.7 mm (approximate joint opening Δ: T = 20 °C, ε = 0.25 ‰)
θ 49% (lim θ = 67 %
χ 0.75 joint = 1− ∕2
χ 0.65 corner = 1− ⁄ 2
joint maintenance
The required joint maintenance mainly depends on the type of joint, the number of vehicles
crossing the joint and the contact pressure of their wheels.
The right joint can have a positive impact on the serviceability of the floor and a reduction of the
maintenance cost. Professional advice by a joint specialist is recommended.
joint arrangement
All joints need to be planned and to be aligned with assumptions made in this calculation. The
figure below shows an indicative example of how a potential joint arrangement could look. It
should be used as a guideline for a jobsite specific detailing plan.
Figure: indicative example of a possible joint arrangement

Dramix® Slab on Ground
──── primary joint
─── secondary joint
──── free edge
──── isolation joint at column

Loads and Locations

Point loads Wheel loads Units
■■ ●● ●● - ●●
■ ■■ ■■■ ■■■■ ●-● ●● - ●●
■■ ●● ●● - ●●
loads - - - 2x / 2x 2x / 2x 2x - - -
■/● F, F₁ - - - 50.0 25.0 30.0 - - - kN
■/● F₂ - - - 50.0 - - - - - kN
geometry
a - - - 900 300 1650 - - - mm
b - - - 300 300 - - - - mm
c - - - 900 - - - - - mm
base plate / wheel pressure
x - - - 150 150 mm
y - - - 150 150 mm
p 0.80 - - - N/mm²
considered locations
slab centre
- - - X X X - - -
├ to primary joint (dowelled joint)
- - - X X X - - -
|| to primary joint (dowelled joint)
- - - X X X - - -
├ to secondary joint (saw cut joint)
- - - X X X - - -
|| to secondary joint (saw cut joint)
- - - X X X - - -
corner of secondary joint (saw cut joint)
- - - X X X - - -
├ to free edge
- - - - - - - - -
|| to free edge
- - - - - - - - -
corner of free edge
- - - - - - - - -
distances from joints, edges and corners
primary joint (dowelled joint)
x' -├ - - - 0 0 0 - - - mm
y' - || - - - 0 0 0 - - - mm
secondary joint (saw cut joint)
x' -├ - - - 0 0 0 - - - mm
y' - || - - - 0 0 0 - - - mm
corner of secondary joint (saw cut joint)
x' -├ - - - 0 0 0 - - - mm
y' - || - - - 0 0 0 - - - mm
free edge
x' -├ - - - - - - - - - mm
y' - || - - - - - - - - - mm
corner of free edge
x' -├ - - - - - - - - - mm
y' - || - - - - - - - - - mm

Loads and Locations

Uniformly distributed loads (UDL) Units
layout
worst case
loads
F 20.0 kN/m²
geometry
a 3250 (width of load) mm
b 1625 (width of aisle) mm
Line loads Units

loads n/a
F n/a kN/m
geometry
bw - (width of load)mm
a - (distance between two line loads) mm
dF - (Groove depth for line load(s)) mm
considered locations
slab centre
-
|| to primary joint (dowelled joint)
-
|| to secondary joint (saw cut joint)
-
|| to free edge
-
distances from joints and edges
pw,1st - (slab projection parallel to primary joint) mm
pw,2nd - (slab projection parallel to secondary joint) mm
pw,edge - (slab projection parallel to free edge) mm

Sectional Moment Capacity

plain concrete section
= = ( ) , ⁄
fibre reinforced or combined reinforced concrete section

, = + ℎ − ,
+ ℎ +ℎ −2 , − ,
+
−
, = , + , − , ⁄
, = ( ) ,
, = ( ) ,
= ( ) ⁄
( ) = ( )
= ⁄
= ≤
Ec(t) = 30 GN/m²
fcd = 11.3 N/mm²
fctd,s = 0.56 N/mm²
fctd,u = 0.50 N/mm²
fyd = 435 N/mm²
αcc = 0.85
αfct = 1.00
αts = 0.45
αtu = 0.37
η = 1.00
κchar = 1.00
κG = 1.00
κO = 1.00
λ = 0.80

Sectional Moment Capacity

constitutive model
η∙fcd
ec ≤ ecu
fctd,s
es ≤ esu
fctd,ε ≤ fctd,u ef ≤ efu
internal forces and lever arms
x λ∙x
η ∙ x ∙ fcd
df
h
h-x d
Ff
as
Fs
calculated moment capacity: t = 28 days
concrete SFRC combined reinforced

top bottom top bottom top bottom
As - - n/a n/a n/a n/a mm²/m
d - - - - - - mm
df - - 96 96 - - mm
x - - 10 10 - - mm
ξ - - 0.06 0.06 - -
εc - - 1.5 1.5 - - ‰
εf - - 25.0 25.0 - - ‰
εs - - 0.0 0.0 - - ‰
fctd,ε(t) - - 0.50 0.50 - -
m'Rd(t) m'Rd,c 10.52 m'Rd,f 8.07 m'Rd,f+r - kNm/m
mRd(t) mRd,c 10.52 mRd,f 8.07 mRd,f+r - kNm/m

Moment Capacity of the System

limitation of the sectional moment capacity
≤ ⁄ ≤ ωmin = 0.5
ωmax = 2.0
calculation of the system capacity
fibres only
slab center and edges

+ = , = , + ,
corners
+ = , + ,
combined reinforced
slab center and edges
reinforcement at top
+ = , ; , + ,
reinforcement at bottom
+ = , ; , + ,
reinforcement at top and bottom
+ = , ; , + ,
corners
+ = , + , ; ,
system capacity m'Rd + mRD
slab centre 18.6 kNm/m
primary joint 18.6 kNm/m
secondary joint 18.6 kNm/m
gateways 18.6 kNm/m
free edges 18.6 kNm/m
corner of secondary joint 18.6 kNm/m
free corner 18.6 kNm/m

Load case: 4 points in line

load per base plate
F₁ F₁ F₂ F₁
F₁ 50.0 kN
F₂ 50.0 kN
a b c
base plate layout

x 150 mm
y‘
y 150 mm
a 900 mm y y
b 300 mm
c 900 mm x’ x
x
factors
γQ 1.2
φ n/a
considered locations and distances
X → ● ← slab centre mm
X primary joint ├ x' 0 mm
X
— (dowelled joint) || y' 0 mm
X — — —
secondary joint ├ x' 0 mm
X (saw cut joint) || y' 0 mm
|
secondary joint, corner x' 0 mm
X — ┼ —
| (saw cut joint) y' 0 mm
- free edge ├ x' - mm
-
— || y' - mm
free corner x' - mm
- ┌ y' - mm
acting and resisting bending moments

(m+m')Ed (m+m')Rd
slab centre
X → ● ← 13.4 18.6 kNm/m
X primary joint ├ 14.2 18.6 kNm/m
X
— (dowelled joint) || 15.9 18.6 kNm/m
X — — —
secondary joint ├ 16.4 18.6 kNm/m
X (saw cut joint) || 18.4 18.6 kNm/m
|
secondary joint, corner
X — ┼ — 17.6 18.6 kNm/m
| (saw cut joint)
- free edge ├ n/a n/a kNm/m
-
— || n/a n/a kNm/m
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kNm/m

Load case: 4 points in line

acting and resisting shear forces
VEd VRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 17.8 100.7 kN/m
X primary joint ├ 15.2 100.7 kN/m
X
— (dowelled joint) || 20.7 100.7 kN/m
X — — —
secondary joint ├ 17.6 100.7 kN/m
X (saw cut joint) || 24.0 100.7 kN/m
|
X — ┼ — n/a n/a kN/m
| (saw cut joint)
- free edge ├ n/a n/a kN/m
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kN/m
acting and resisting punching shear forces

VEd VRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 126.5 469.6 kN/m
X
X — — —
|
| (saw cut joint)
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kN/m
acting and resisting soil pressure

pEd pRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 31 255 kN/m²
X primary joint ├ 72 255 kN/m²
X
— (dowelled joint) || 85 255 kN/m²
X — — —
secondary joint ├ 83 255 kN/m²
X (saw cut joint) || 99 255 kN/m²
|
X — ┼ — n/a n/a kN/m²
| (saw cut joint)
- free edge ├ n/a n/a kN/m²
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m²
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kN/m²

Load case: 4 points in rectangle

load per base plate
2xF 2xF
F 25.0 kN (2x / 2x)
base plate layout

x 150 mm
y‘
y 150 mm
a 300 mm y
b 300 mm
c - mm x’ x
b
y
factors
γQ 1.2
x
φ n/a
X
X — — —
|
X — ┼ —
-
— || y' - mm
free corner x' - mm
- ┌ y' - mm

(m+m')Ed (m+m')Rd
slab centre
X → ● ← 9.5 18.6 kNm/m
X
X secondary joint ├ 13.4 18.6 kNm/m
— — —
|
X — ┼ — 14.8 18.6 kNm/m
| (saw cut joint)
-
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kNm/m

Load case: 4 points in rectangle

VEd VRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 9.8 100.7 kN/m
X
X — — —
|
| (saw cut joint)
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kN/m

VEd VRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 113.6 590.4 kN/m
X
X — — —
|
| (saw cut joint)
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kN/m

pEd pRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 25 255 kN/m²
X
X — — —
|
X — ┼ — n/a n/a kN/m²
| (saw cut joint)
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m²
free corner

Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels

load per wheel
F F
F 30.0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
a
p 0.8 N/mm²
rw 109 mm
a 1650 mm
b - mm y‘
c - mm
y
factors rw
γQ x’ x
1.6
φ 1.00
X
X — — —
|
X — ┼ —
-
— || y' - mm
free corner x' - mm
- ┌ y' - mm

(m+m')Ed (m+m')Rd
slab centre
X → ● ← 5.9 18.6 kNm/m
X
X — — —
secondary joint ├ 8.1 18.6 kNm/m
|
X — ┼ — 9.5 18.6 kNm/m
| (saw cut joint)
-
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kNm/m

Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels

VEd VRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 9.8 100.7 kN/m
X
X — — —
|
| (saw cut joint)
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kN/m

VEd VRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 50.1 366.1 kN/m
X
X — — —
|
| (saw cut joint)
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m
free corner
- ┌ n/a n/a kN/m

pEd pRd
slab centre
X → ● ← 14 255 kN/m²
X
X — — —
|
X — ┼ — n/a n/a kN/m²
| (saw cut joint)
-
— || n/a n/a kN/m²
free corner

Load case: Uniformly distributed loads

distributed load
F
F 20.0 kN/m²
load layout a
worst case
k 0.051 N/mm³
a 3250 mm
b 1625 mm
factors
γQ 1

(m+m')Ed (m+m')Rd
X _▄__▄_ 5.9 18.6 kNm/m

pEd pRd
X _▄__▄_ 24 255 kN/m²

Calculation Overview
|
→ ● ← ——— — — — — ┼ —
|
——— ┌
├ || ├ || ├ ||
selected X X X X X X - - -
governing
■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ - - -
slab layout
thickness 180 mm
concrete C20/25, 15 kg/m³ 4D 80/60BG
reinforcement D® D® D® D® D® D® - - -
insulation - - - - - - - - -
bending (m+m') ◘ ◘ ◘ ◘ ◘ ◘
acting 13.4 14.2 15.9 16.4 18.4 17.6 - - - kNm/m
resisting 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 - - - kNm/m
soil (pₒ)
acting 31 72 85 83 99 n/a - - - kN/m²
resisting 255 255 255 255 255 n/a - - - kN/m²
shear (V)
acting 17.8 15.2 20.7 17.6 24.0 n/a - - - kN/m
resisting 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 n/a - - - kN/m
punching (V)
acting 127 63 127 63 126 n/a - - - kN
resisting 470 205 265 205 265 n/a - - - kN
Legend
D® Dramix® Steel Fibre (fibre only)
D® + ̅ Dramix® Steel Fibre + top reinforcement
D® + ̲ Dramix® Steel Fibre + bottom reinforcement
D® + ̲̅ Dramix® Steel Fibre + top & bottom reinforcement
◘ governing load type

Conclusion and Proposal based on TR34, 4th edition [15]
Despite the Bekaert data sheets giving a good estimation of the post crack strength, it does not
relieve others from testing the applied material properties. Bekaert is prepared to give advice
and practical support for quality control.
Floor data
slab type Saw Cut Floor
slab thickness h 180 mm
separation layer 1 layer PE-foil (membrane)
maximum joint distance L 6.0 m
panel size ratio L/l 1.0
slab exposure indoors ambient conditions tempered
Joints
primary joint dowelled joint
secondary joint saw cut joint
Soil Properties
Soil properties as specified above.
non-insulated areas everywhere
insulated areas none present
Considered Load Types (considered locations: please see above)

point ■■■■, ■■■■ in □
wheel ●-●
uniform _▄__▄_
line n/a

concrete class C20/25 (EN)
concrete age at loading 28 days
Dramix® type 4D 80/60BG (EN 14889-1, system "1", structural use)
dosage 15 kg/m³ (recommended dosage for performance testing)
f ctm,fl 3.65 N/mm²
f R,1m 1.86 N/mm² (28 days, EN 14651)
f R,4m 2.03 N/mm² (28 days, EN 14651)
Reinforcement
layout fibre only (see page 10)
yield strength n/a N/mm² (high bond bars)
E-modulus n/a GN/m²
at top n/a
at bottom n/a
Other
For details or additional parameters and dimensions, please see above.
For additional remarks and the liability disclaimer, please see the next pages.
Data Base 2.0.1
Slab on Ground 2.1.0

Additional Remarks
This design is only valid for Dramix®-steel fibres. Violation hereof shall entail legal proceedings by
BEKAERT in view of indemnification of all losses that BEKAERT may sustain as a result of such violation.
In case other fibre types than specified above or fibres of other manufacturers are used, this design is null
and void. In such a case, Bekaert rejects any liability for this design and for the consequences of putting it
in practice.
All input data provided to Bekaert is assumed as correct and thus without Bekaert's responsibility.
Assumptions made by Bekaert are evident for successful execution and thus have to be verified by the
project engineer.
References
scientific publications
[01] H. Falkner, M. Teutsch, Z. Huang: Untersuchung des Trag- und Verformungsverhaltens von
Industrieböden aus Stahlfaserbeton, book 117, iBMB Braunschweig, 1995
[02] A. Losberg: Design Methods for Structurally Reinforced Concrete Pavements,
Chalmers University
[03] M. Stet: Betonverhardingen, GWWTechniek, 2003
[04] B. Colley, H. Humphrey: Aggregate Interlock at Joints in Concrete Pavements,
PCA Bulletin D124, Portland Cement Association
[05] I. M. A. Al-Damad and S. Foster: Fatigue Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Pavements, PhD Thesis, The University of New South Wales
standards and guidelines

[06] CUR-Aanbeveling 36: Design of concrete floors and pavements on elastic foundations,
CUR Bouw & Infra
[07] DAfStb Richtlinie: "Steel Fibre Concrete", German Committee for Structural Concrete
[08] DBV-Merkblatt: "Steel Fibre Reinforced Industrial Concrete Floors"
[09] DIN 18134: Soil - Testing procedures and testing equipment - Plate load test
[10] EN 14651: Test method for metallic fibre concrete - Measuring the flexural tensile strength
(limit of proportionality (LOP), residual)
[11] EN 14889-1: Fibres for concrete - Part 1: Steel fibres - Definitions, specifications
and conformity
[12] EN 1992-1-1 / Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1:
General rules and rules for buildings
[13] EN 206-1: Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity
[14] Bekaert: North American Requirements for the Design of Dramix®
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Members & Systems (US-16)
[15] SS 812310: Fibre Concrete - Design of Fibre Concrete Structures
[16] TR34: Concrete Industrial Ground Floors, The Concrete Society
execution guides
[17] DBV-Merkblatt: "Steel Fibre Reinforced Industrial Concrete Floors"
[18] www.bekaert.com/dosingdramix

Liability
This Dramix® Pro report, and the underlying software and program used to create the report, is provided to the Project User
(identified on the cover page of this report) by Bekaert NV/SA and its affiliates solely as an accommodation to assist purchasers of
Dramix® Steel Fibers to determine the Dramix® Steel Fiber design for the application described in this report. The calculations
contained in this report are based on and rely solely on the data and inputs received from the Project User; Bekaert NV/SA and its
Affiliates have not and will not independently verify the accuracy or completeness of any of the data or inputs provided by Project
User.
Neither Bekaert NV/SA nor any of its Affiliates is serving or acting as a project engineer, building engineer or architect, or in any
similar capacity for this Project. This report, and the underlying software and program used to create the report, is provided solely as
an aid to the Project User and all calculations and determinations contained in this report should be verified and confirmed by the
Project’ User’s project engineer, building engineer, architect or by any one acting in a similar capacity on behalf of the Project User
including, but not limited to, with regard to confirmation of the material properties and equivalent flexural stress.
Except as specifically warranted by Bekaert NV/SA or one of its affiliates in writing and subject to the conditions contained in any
such warranty, the risk of any and all loss, damage, or unsatisfactory performance of the Dramix® steel fiber, this report or the
underlying software or program used to create this report rests with the project user. This report, the software and programs are
being provided “as is” without any warranty of any type or nature, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and no infringement. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law,
neither Bekaert NV/SA nor any affiliate of Bekaert NV/SA makes any representation or warranty, either express or implied, regarding
any aspect of this report, or the software or program used to create this report, including, but not limited to, any recommendations or
conclusions contained in this report, output or results of this report, or the use of this software or program in terms of its correctness,
completeness, accuracy, reliability, being current or otherwise. Further, Bekaert NV/SA does not warrant that this report or the
software or program used to create this report is free from defects. Bekaert NV/SA does not have any obligation to correct errors,
make changes, support this report, software or program, distribute updates, or provide notification of any error or defect, known or
unknown.
If the project user relies upon this report, software or program, the project user does so at its own risk, and the project user assumes
the responsibility for the results. Should this report, software or program prove defective, the project user assumes the cost of all
losses, expenses and damages, of whatever kind or nature, resulting from reliance on this report, the software or the program.
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, neither Bekaert NV/SA nor any Affiliate of Bekaert NV/SA will be liable for
any damage, loss, cost or expense, of any kind or nature arising out of the use of, or inability to use this report, software or program,
including, but not limited to, claims or actions alleging infringement of copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, or any other
intellectual property.
PROHIBITION ON OTHER USE: The Project User acknowledges and by use of this report, software and program, agrees that the
Dramix® Pro (“detailed design note”) may not be used by the Project User for any other purpose than as permitted in this report and
only for use with regard to Dramix® Steel Fibers. NO LICENSE HAS BEEN GRANTED TO PROJECT USER FOR ANY USE
OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH IN THIS REPORT, and nothing hereunder will be construed as a license, assignment or other
transfer of any such right, title and interest to Project User or any other person. The sale of the Dramix® Pro, this report, or the
software or programs underlying this report, are strictly prohibited. Any violation hereof will subject the Project User to legal action by
Bekaert NV/SA, and the Project User hereby indemnifies and holds Bekaert NV/SA and its Affiliates harmless from any and all
damages, losses, costs and expenses of any kind or nature (including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and all costs of
investigation, defense and settlement) relating to Project User’s use of this report, software or program for any other use than as
permitted in this report. Bekaert NV/SA is, and will remain at all times, the owner of the intellectual property rights relating to this
report, the software or the program used to create the report.


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PHỤ LỤC TÍNH TOÁN

Dramix® Steel Fibre Reinforced

This calculation is only valid for DRAMIX® steel fibres.

Project 2Tm2 5 rack

This report was prepared by:

Viet Solution Construction Consultants Co., Ltd

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

|| Symbol: load is parallel to a free edge or joint

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Floor Type: Saw Cut Floor

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete

beam testing according to EN 14651

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Applied Material Properties

Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete (28 days)

Coefficients for time dependent properties

The parameter "s" is chosen conservatively from 0.20 / 0.25 / 0.38.

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Safety Factors and Coefficients

Uniformly Distributed Loads

Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)

layer: sub-base and subsoil properties:

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)

Insulation layout: Insulation properties:

Resulting k-values for the calculation of the elastic length:

slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere

slab areas with an insulation layer: none present

kinsulation n/a N/mm³

ksubgrade n/a N/mm³

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Ec 30000 N/mm² at 28 days

Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere

Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present

Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere

pRd 255 kN/m²

Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present

pRd n/a kN/m²

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Primary joints need to provide load transfer capability.

joint type dowelled joint

The joint and dowel design is not covered by this calculation.

Figure: relationship between joint opening and joint efficiency [04]

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

joint type saw cut joint

Figure: indicative example of a possible joint arrangement

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Loads and Locations

01-11-22 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Loads and Locations

Line loads Units