‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Power point‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 Introduction 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥

WDevelopment of Computers‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٨٥٤  

K‫א‬ ‫א‬ Boole  OR ،NOT،AND
‫א‬‫א‬  ١٨٦٩ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ William Javors ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬     Herman Hollerith ‫א‬ ١٨٨٥   
 ٦٣  1890  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
       ‫ א‬  Hollerith   K
 International Business Machines ‫ א‬IBM‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Otto Steigeas ‫א‬١٨٩٣ 
AudionVacuum tube Lee De forest‫א‬١٩٠٧ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ Flip Flop ‫א‬‫א‬ Ecdes and Jorda ‫א‬١٩١٩ 
 K‫ א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ Analogue  
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ Ecker ‫א‬١٩٣٣ 

 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Logic Machine ‫א‬١٩٣٦ 
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Shannon ١٩٣٧ 
‫א‬ ABC‫א‬  Digital  ١٩٣٩ 
 KAnat soff , Berry and Cony ‫א‬
 K‫ א‬ Z-3‫א‬‫א‬ Digital  ‫א‬١٩٤١ 
 50Mark-1 ١٩٤٤١٩٤٣ 
 K ‫א‬٨‫א‬
 Bug ‫ א‬‫א‬ Mark-11 ١٩٤٥ 
KENIAC١٩٤٦ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬١٩٤٧ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ ١٩٤٨ 
K‫א‬ Core Memory ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٤٩ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ Whirl Wind Computer     ‫ א‬١٩٥٠ 
 ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
.‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬١٩٥٢‫א‬‫א‬،UNIVAC ١٩٥١ 
‫א‬   Wilkes    K    ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Microprogramming ‫א‬
KTRAPIC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٥٤ 
 RAMac ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬١٩٥٦ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬
KFORTRAN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٥٧ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٩٥٨ 
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ Lisp ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫ א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Cobol ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١٩٦٠ 
K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ٣٦٠ ٢٦٠‫א‬‫א‬ IBM ١٩٦٣‫א‬‫ א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ BASIC ‫א‬  ١٩٦٤ 
‫ א‬‫א‬١٩٦٩ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٧٠ 
KINTEL ١٩٧١ 
RISC ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬IBM   ١٩٨٠ 
K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٩٨١ 
  AT ‫א‬ IBM ١٩٨٤ 
 ،‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   IBM   ٨٠٢٨٦ 
K١٦ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ،Apple  ١٩٨٤ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬١٩٩٠ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 Software ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ KHardware‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

-١٠٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

WBasic Construction of a Computer‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
Input and Output ?‫א‬‫א‬?Memory?‫א‬‫א‬?Central Proccessing Unit CPU?
?Data Bus?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Devices
‫א‬‫א‬K?Control Bus?‫א‬?Address Bus?‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬  
W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 W‫א‬  W‫א‬

WE١ J٥F‫א‬  

WMotherboard‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
?Motherboard?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢ J٥F‫א‬
?Clock?‫א‬?Logic Gates?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Multiplexers?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K?Power Supply?‫א‬

 

 

 

 
 ?Motherboard? ‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢ J٥F ‫א‬
-١٠٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬٣ J٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WInput Interface‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

Parallel Transmission‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 

D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Do
D1
D2
‫א‬L

D3


D4
D5
D6
 
D7  
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٥F‫א‬  

 WSeries Transmission‫א‬‫א‬W 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

-١٠٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬L



D0 D1 ----D7

D7 D6 ----D0
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٤ J٥ F‫א‬

 WOutput interface‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK،‫א‬،WL‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KKK،‫א‬،،،W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KKK،،،،W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KKK،‫א‬،،‫א‬W‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٥

?Handshaking?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬  

‫א‬L

 
‫א‬


 
‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٥F‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬?Data Available?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?Data Acknowledge?

 K‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٥

‫א‬K10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٦ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Word?
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1 K byte = 210 = 1024 bytes (5-1)

‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 E10F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ W( ٦ J٥ )‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kn‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2n ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

16 12 10 8W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١ J٥F
21621221028W‫א‬‫א‬
26Kbyte22 Kbyte1Kbyte256 byteW‫א‬‫א‬

-١١٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٤ J٥

 Random Access Memory RAM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KTemporary ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

  : Read Only Memory ROM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  PROM & EPROM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 WBinary Decoder‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J٥

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1  
1 2‫د‬ 1‫د‬ 4‫خ‬ 3‫خ‬ 2‫خ‬ 1‫خ‬
2


0 0 0 0 0 1  
2 0 1 0 0 1 0
3 1 0 0 1 0 0
4 1 1 1 0 0 0  

‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٧ J٥F‫א‬  

E 2E‫א‬‫א‬F=‫א‬FWE٢ J٥F

?2،1?‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬?43،2،1?‫א‬‫א‬?A14A15?‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨ J٥F‫א‬

 
1 CS
A15 1  

2 CS
A14 2  
3 CS  
4  CS

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٥F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٤ J٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬F

 KERD: ReadF‫א‬ 
 KEWR: WriteF 
 K(CS: Chip Select) ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K K٢
 K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٤ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K?Memory Access Controllers?
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 WMicroproccessor‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٩ J٥F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א א‬

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٩ J٥F ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥ J٥

،Central Processing Unit?CPU?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEE١٠ J٥FF‫א‬WControl Unit?CU?‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 

 
‫א‬
 
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(١٠ J٥)‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WRead Only Memory?ROM? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١

K‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WRandom Access Memory?RAM? ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WInput unit K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WOutput unit‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬

WBus Types‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J٥

‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ Bus ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1 0F 5v 0v
 WE١١ J٥F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WData Bus‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K8Bit‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D7 D6D5D4D3D2D1D0،64,32,16,8Bits ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WAddress Bus‫א‬‫א‬ 
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
A15...A2A1A0.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،16‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WControl Bus‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
ROM
‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
RAM ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
‫א‬  
 
‫א‬  
 
‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(١١ J٥)‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢ J٥F‫א‬WE٣ J٥F

-١١٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

1111 0101 0000 1100  

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
1111 0101 0000 1100
D7 – D0‫א‬  
11010110

‫א‬‫א‬
0
‫א‬

1
1  
0
1
0  
1
1
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢ J٥F‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EWRF‫א‬ERDF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
ROM  RAM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ MEMR
RAM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ MEMW
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ IOR
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ IOW

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥ J٥

?Word???‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬64,32,16,8Bits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Byte ??‫א‬‫א‬8

K?Binary Coded Decimal?‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 K?Hexadecimal?‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

-١١٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WIntel 8085 Proccessor‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬KIntel 8085‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٥F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 


 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬


 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬W ‫א‬

Intel 8085‫א‬‫א‬W(١٣ J٥)‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

W‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥ J٥

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١٤ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

S Z A P C Y C
‫א‬‫א‬

0 2 4 6 7 ‫א‬‫א‬
CY(Carry) P(Parity) AC(Auxiliary Carry) Z(Zero) S(Sign) ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ WE١٤ J٥F ‫א‬

 
 KE5,3،1‫א‬‫א‬F10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٦ J٥ J٥

 KA‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬

‫א‬05B ‫א‬04‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J٥F

7‫א‬‫א‬E JFK-01‫א‬،EA-BF
 K1‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬
 K0

-١١٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬02B‫א‬0E‫א‬WE٥ J٥F
 EA+BF

 00001110 ‫א‬

 H 00000010B‫א‬

 Z00010000‫א‬

 KD3‫א‬‫א‬D4‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬
 KE

 A‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬

 EFFF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 10  B ‫א‬   FF   ‫א‬   WE٦ J٥F  
W(A)+(B)‫א‬

 KE5,3،1‫א‬‫א‬F10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 11111111‫א‬ 
 H10000000B‫א‬ 
 Z01111111‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K1‫א‬

 

-١١٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F

0111E – A01FB – ABCDE – 9812F – 7FE3D – 54F – 69F – A3F – EFC 

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F

 W‫א‬‫א‬XE٣ J٥F

 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RAM/ROM 
 KEFRAM/ROM 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٥F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٥F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٥F

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢   K‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬ J٤    K‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٦    K‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬ J٧

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ JK‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JK‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ JK‫א‬ J
 K JK‫א‬ J

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F

‫א‬،E١٥ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E٨ J٥F

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
IOR MEMW MEMR

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٥ J٥F ‫א‬

 

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٩ J٥F

 ‫؟‬‫א‬L‫א‬E١٠ J٥F

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٢E١١ J٥F

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٥F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٥F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٥F
‫؟‬


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