 

 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
KE–‫א‬–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٧
KEF

 K٪90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K8 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   E‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (Passive)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V2
P V I , P , PI2 R (1)
R
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،(S)‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K(Q) ‫א‬‫א‬، (P)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   K(Q)
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
S V I (VA) (2)

P V I cos ( ) (W) (3)

Q V I sin( ) (VAR) (4)

 ‫א‬    K(1) ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  () ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K(2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(S,P,Q, Φ)‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(S,P,Q, Φ)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬EF‫א‬EF‫א‬(2)‫א‬

- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(0-10 V)‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K(R=100 , 2W)‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1)‫א‬

- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
K(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10V‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J٥
W‫א‬EF‫א‬
P  V I (mW)
‫א‬(W)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
P W
E%  x 100    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨
 K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻮاﺗﻤﻴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬
(V) (mA) (P) (mW) E%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
 (1)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(P)‫א‬‫א‬
 cos    P
‫א‬K(S)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
S
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬
Q S 2  P2 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬Q‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.(0-220V)‫א‬ 
K(600V AC)‫א‬‫א‬ 
K(0-10A) 
K  1  5 A , 100  400V  ‫א‬ 
K 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬ 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(100 mH, 1.5A) ‫א‬(R-L Load) 
 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(47 µF, 400V) ‫א‬(R-C Load) 
K ‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬
K(20V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
K(1)‫א‬(V, I, and P)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
SV X I ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١١
K cos    P
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٢
S
K‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬P ‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
KQ  S 2  P2 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٤
K(6)(2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(S,P,Q, Φ‫)א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٦
K‫א‬  J١٧
91‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٨
1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٩
K9

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
Vph (V) I V P  S cos   Q

20            

 ‫א‬ 50            

100            

20            

‫א‬ 50            

100            

20            

‫א‬ 50            

 100            

(1)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 

- ٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬ (Y- Connected Loads)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
،‫א‬    ‫א‬    (Δ- Connected Loads) ‫א‬   ‫א‬
(Δ-  ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Connected Loads)

 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J٣
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 

 
‫א‬EFK‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WE J1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KiR w1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KvRS w1‫א‬‫א‬

 KiT w2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KvTS w2‫א‬‫א‬

  W1  v RS *iR       WW1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W2  vTS *iT       WW2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W1  W2  v RS *iR  vTS *iT    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 v R v S * i R  vT  v S * iT

 v R * i R  v S *i R  vT *iT  v S *iT

  v R * i R  vT * iT  v S *  i R  iT 

  i R  iS  iT  0    W‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

i R  iT   i S 

 W1  W2  v R * iR  vT *iT  vS * iS

 W1  W2 2   W1  W2  W3 3  (1)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Neutral)‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(0-220V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K  1  5 A , 100  400 V  ‫א‬ 
K 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (100 mH, 1.5A.) ‫א‬‫א‬ (R-L Load)‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬ 56  , 5 A
(47 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (R-C Load) ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬ 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬µF, 400V)
K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬
 E4،‫א‬F
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2)‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K(20V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K(1)‫א‬(W1, W2, W3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
P1  W1  W2  W3    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬(3-2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬(4-1)‫א‬‫א‬(2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

KE‫؟‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
K61‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
K61‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨
 W‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ Vph (V)
W1 W2 W3  P1 W1 W2 W3 P2

20                

 ‫א‬ 30                

40                

20                

‫א‬ 30                

40                

20                

‫א‬ 30                

40                

(1)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ JK‫א‬
‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬Q‫א‬‫א‬P‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ cos 
P  W1  W2  
Q 3 W1  W2 

S  P2  Q2 
P
 cos   (1)
S

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(0-220V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K  1  5 A , 100  400 V  ‫א‬ 
K 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(100  ‫א‬‫א‬(R-L Load)‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬mH, 1.5A.)
(47 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(R-C Load)‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬ 56  , 5 A ‫א‬‫א‬µF, 400V)
K‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2)‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2) ‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K(20V)
K(1)‫א‬(W1, W2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 cos  ‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬Q‫א‬‫א‬P‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

K(1)‫א‬(1)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬3،2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K41‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
K41‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J٧
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ Vph (V)
W1 W2  P  Q S   cos 

20            

 ‫א‬ 30            

40            

20            

‫א‬ 30            

40            

20            

‫א‬ 30            

40            

(1)‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 

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