mikabelat Company

PHENOMENOLOGY

Presented by
Mikaela saguibal
Shanaiah paguya
Warena william
Bob mark anthony
orcejola
phenomenology
is the study of lived experiences.
Literarily came from the word
"phenomena " which means
appearance of things or the way we
experience things. In the study of lived
experiences, there are two camps or
approaches that emerged-descriptive
phenomenology and interpretative
phenomenology.
 THE DESCRIPTIVE
PHENOMENOLOGY
By Husserl is also called
Transcendental Phenomenology
which is focusing on the objective
universal essence of lived experiences.
 INTERPRETATIVE
PHENOMENOLOGY/
HERMENEUTIC
PHENOMENOLOGY
By Heidegger. Heidegger insisted that one
cannot remove himself from the process of
essence-identification. Thus, he does not
agree to pure description but rather
interpretation is necessary in the study of
lives experiences. That Philosophers'
attributions at the meaning of things
cannot be disregarded.
Nonetheless, we cannot actually
separate both description and
interpretation phenomenology in
data analysis. In fact both descriptive
and interpretative methodologies
share four features that are necessary
in analyzing data:

FEATURES OF DESCRIPTIVE
AND INTERPRETATIVE
METHODOLOGIES:
 01.REDUCTION
a. Phenomenological Reduction
suspension of judgement. It's sets aside
ideas and impressions as they are
merely ideologies. The attitude towards
the description of experience must be
based on meta physical realism and that
theories of description are not taken
into consideration.

b.Eidetic Reduction
- is looking at the components of the
experience to understand what it is
and it's essence. It requires the
consciousness of an individual to
perception and look at what is it.
c. Transcendental Reduction
- Kant Explains transcendental reduction
as"examining experience in general and dessecting
in it what is supplies by the mind from what is
supplied by the given intuitions."
02.Description
he very aim of
Phenomenology is describing
a phenomena.

03.Essences
The "what it is" or the core
meaning of the experience.
04. Intentionality
-This is the total meaning of
an object of the
consciousness towards the
object.
ANALYZING DATA
Hermeneutical phenomenology is far
complicated than descriptive
phenomenology. Descriptive
phenomenology focuses on the noema and
noesis of experiences. the noema referring
to the "what" and the noesis referring to
"the how it is experienced". On the other
hand hermeneutical phenomenology's
focus is into interpreting meaning found in
a phenomena. Analysis of text by searching In analyzing data however, hermeneutical
for themes and engaging with the data phenomenology does not formalized an
(interpretatively) are then suggested to find analytical method for more flexibility of
these meanings speech meant to inform, analysis which should depend on the text of
persuade, inspire, motivate, or present a the phenomena itself. This idea was further
new idea. explained by Friedrich Schleiermacher who
introduced Hermeneutic Circle.
 In using hermeneutical phenomenology,
Manen Van (1997) emphasize that a
researcher must then be equipped with a
skill of reading text, which is referring to
the text transcript of a spoken accounts of
personal experience. This spoken personal
account is also what is refferd as isolated
themes, which can be viewed as written
interpretation of lived experience (Sloan
and Bowe 2014).
To quote what Sloan and
Bowe (2014) wrote:
Van Manen(1997)noted that any
application of hermeneutic
phenomenology requires the examination
of text, to reflect on its content in order
discover something "telling", something
meaningful", something thematic. By
having isolated phenomenal themes, one
can rewrite the themes while interpreting
the meaning of the phenomenon or lived
Experience
HERMENEUTIC CIRCLE- was
introduced by friedrich
Schleiermacher. This is a process of
interpretation in which we
constantly move from interpreting
the smaller and the larger unit of
meaning in order to understand the
meaning of both. Example, for us to
understand a sentence we need to
understand the situation where it
was used. In other words we need to
understand the context.

Presentation Template
One thing that can add value to the interpretation of
data is reflexvity. Reflexvity is explained as a person's
or researcher's refection after examining an
experience or situation.

Reflexvity describes the process in which

researchers aee conscious of and reflective about

the ways in which their questions, methods and

subject position might impact on the data or the

psychological knowledge produced in a study

(Langdrige 2007 ,Sloan and Bowe, 2014)

 reflexvity is often mentioned in hermeneutic
phenomenology - in all interpretative
methodologies, in fact. This is where the
reseacher uses empathy or relevant prior
experience as an aid to data analysis and/or
Interpretation of meanings. Reflexivity has no
place in descriptive phenomenology -It is
antithesis to the principle of bracketing out
influences on the phenomena so that they can be
seenas "the things themselves". (Sloan and Bowe,
2014).
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