Unit III

Parse Theory of Hermeneutics

Presented By:
Sapana Dahal
M.Sc. Nursing 1st year
CoN, BPKIHS
 Contents
Introduction
History
Meaning and Definition
Importance of hermeneutics in research
Concept of Hermeneutic Cycle
Hermeneutics :Interpretive Phenomenology
The Parse Phenomenologic- Hermeneutic Research
Method
References
 Objectives
At the end of the session, participants will be
able to explain about Parse Theory of
Hermeneutics
 Introduction
Hermeneutics, in general terms, is the art of
interpretation or the art of understanding.

Hermeneutics plays a role in a number of

disciplines whose subject matter demands
interpretative approaches.
 Introduction
It concerns with the meaning of human
intentions, beliefs, and actions, or the meaning
of human experience as it is preserved in the
arts and literature, historical testimony, and
other artifacts.
Introduction(Conti…)
 History
Although its origins are
somewhat unclear, the term
hermeneutics is often traced
back to the ancient Greek
figure of Hermes, the
messenger of the gods to
humans and hence interpreter
of divine action.
 History (Conti…)
The 19th century saw the move of
hermeneutics from religious texts to
understanding in general and from
approximating correct understanding to
the approximation of better
understanding.
 History (Conti…)
First Schleiermacher extended hermeneutics
from religious and ancient texts to all forms of
linguistic material and later Dilthey to
understanding in general that makes any
interpretation possible.

 Modern hermeneutics deal with the question

of human understanding in general as
developed by Heidegger and Gadamer.
 Meaning and Definition
• Hermeneutics is a qualitative research
methodology that focuses on interpreting
the meanings of experiences in
individual’s life.

• It is a major philosophy and research

method in the humanities, human sciences
and arts disciplines with a central goal of
describing people’s experiences
Meaning and Definitions (Conti…)
• Hermeneutics refers to the theory and
practice of interpretation, where
interpretation involves an understanding
that can be justified.
• It treats interpretation in the context of
fundamental philosophical questions
about being and knowing, language and
history, art and aesthetic experience, and
practical life
 Types of Hermeneutics
1.General hermeneutics:
Conceived as a philosophical discipline,
commonly as part of logic in a wide
sense.It has two leading concepts,
understanding and interpretation.
 Types of Hermeneutics(Conti..)
2.Several domain- or discipline-specific
subspecies of hermeneutics :
It included hermeneutica sacra, that is bible
hermeneutics, hermeneutica iuris, that is, legal
hermeneutics, archeological ,musical ,historical
hermeneutics.
 Biblical Hermeneutics

• It is the study of the general

principles of biblical
interpretation.

• In the history of biblical

interpretation, four major
types of hermeneutics have
emerged: the literal, moral,
allegorical, and analogical.
Biblical Hermeneutics
 Importance of Hermeneutics
• It provides the qualitative researchers with the
in-depth understanding of what people say, do
and why and helps in the interpretation.

• Nurses should seek to interpret and understand

the lived experiences of patients in order to
limit or prevent misunderstandings and
inaccuracies in communication
 Concept of Hermeneutic Circle Cycle
The concept of the
hermeneutic circle was
conceived by German
philosopher Martin
Heidegger in 1927 in his
book Being and Time.
 Concept of Hermeneutic Circle Cycle

The hermeneutic circle refers to the idea that

our understanding of a text as a whole is based
on our understanding of each individual part,
as well as our understanding of how each
individual part refers to the whole text
Concept of Hermeneutic Circle Cycle
 Literature Review and Hermeneutic Circle
Cycle
The whole body of relevant literature for a
specific phenomenon consists of multiple
texts and, in turn, individual texts can be seen
as parts of the whole body of relevant
literature.
 We read a
text

Form
Changes initial
personal Understa
context in nding
terms of
belief and
expectation

New Keep
knowledge onevaluatin
forms basis g intial
of new understandi
understandi ng of text
ng as it unfolds
 Literature Review and Hermeneutic Circle
Cycle (Conti…)
In accordance with the hermeneutic circle,
understanding of the meaning and importance of
individual texts depends on the understanding of the
whole body of relevant literature which in turn is built
up through the understanding of individual texts.
Undertaking a survey of relevant literature can
therefore be described by the hermeneutic circle .
( Sebastian K. Boell & Dubravka Cecez-
Kecmanovic,2010)
 Hermeneutics :Interpretive Phenomenology

It was given by Heidegger which stresses on

the interpretation and understanding not just
describing the human experiences.

Hermeneutics pre-supposes prior

understanding on the part of the researcher
 Hermeneutics :Interpretive
Phenomenology(Conti…)
They rely on in-depth interviews with
individuals who have experienced the
phenomenon of interest, but can go beyond a
traditional approach to gathering and
analyzing data.
 Hermeneutics :Interpretive
Phenomenology(Conti…)

Example: The study of how the older adult in

nursing homes constructed the meaning of
home following transition from community
dwelling to the nursing home.
 The Parse Phenomenologic- Hermeneutic
Research Method
It was formulated by Rosemary Parse based
on her Human becoming Paradigm.

It has elements of both the phenomenology

and hermeneutics.

Its aim is to uncover the meaning of universal

living experiences by studying descriptions of
people’s experiences.
Nursing Paradigms and Parse’s Theory

Person :Open Environment:

being who is Everything in the
more than and person and his
different from experience
sum of parts.

Nurse: Human
Health: It is not
science and art
static but is ever
that uses abstract
changing as
body of
human choose
knowledge to
ways of living
serve people
 The Parse Phenomenologic-
Hermeneutic Research Method(Conti…)

It consists of three
processes:
• Dialogic engagement:
It is the data gathering
process
 The Parse Phenomenologic-
Hermeneutic Research Method(Conti…)

Extraction –synthesis :

In this process , descriptions are moved out of

the participants’ language into the language of
science, a higher level of abstraction.
 The Parse Phenomenologic-
Hermeneutic Research Method(Conti…)

Extraction –synthesis : It includes six steps as

follows:
1. Constructing a story that captures the core
ideas about the phenomenon from each
person’s dialogue.
 The Parse Phenomenologic-
Hermeneutic Research Method(Conti…)

2.Extracting and synthesizing essences

from participants’ description

3.Synthesizing and extracting essences as

conceptualized in the researcher’s language
at a higher level of abstraction.
 The Parse Phenomenologic-
Hermeneutic Research Method(Conti…)

4.Formulating the language art from each

participants.

5.Extracting and synthesizing core concepts

from the language art of all participants.
 The Parse Phenomenologic-
Hermeneutic Research
Method(Conti…)

6.Synthesizing a structure of the living

experience from the core concepts. A
structure involves a conceptualization in
which the researcher joins the core
concepts
 The Parse Phenomenologic- Hermeneutic
Research Method(Conti…)

Heuristic Interpretation
It is the final process which entails the
structural transposition, conceptual
integration, metaphorical emergings, and
artistic expressions.

Example: To investigate the lived experience

of feeling overwhelmed.
 A hermeneutic approach to the
characteristics of mental health
nursing practice
Mental health nursing (MHN) takes a non-reductionist
view of the human being, based on a hermeneutic and
interdisciplinary perspective. MHN is dependent on
the development of hermeneutic knowledge for
understanding the deeper meaning of, for example,
encountering a patient with emotional pain. The aim
of this study was to provide a philosophical discussion
about the characteristics of MHN practice.
A hermeneutic approach to the characteristics
of mental health nursing practice (Conti…)

The hermeneutic approach was used to expand the

philosophical discussion of MHN. In order to explore
the consequences for MHN practice, previous relevant
research within the discipline of MHN was used,
exemplified by patients suffering from emotional pain.

Two themes emerged: A reflective way of being and

working and Relationships as a foundation for change
and improvements.
A hermeneutic approach to the characteristics
of mental health nursing practice (Conti…)

Four themes emerged related to the practice of

the nurse: Desire for confirmation and trust, The
vulnerable human being, The difficulties
involved in responsibility and The power of self-
development, authenticity and freedom.
MHN must be open to changing some of the
negative images of past interdisciplinary
discussions in order to provide high quality care
and support to the suffering patient.
 A hermeneutic approach to the
characteristics of mental health nursing
practice (Conti…)
The hermeneutic approach is one way to help
nurses who work in the context of mental health
to understand and use their intuition and
empathy to empower patients, thus providing
hope and future possibilities.
(Holm AL, Severinsson E,2011)
 References
1.Polit D.F. and Beck C.T. Nursing Research: Generating and
Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 10th Edition, Wolters
Kluwer Health, Philadelphia; 2017.

2.Peterson PL, Baker E, McGaw B. International encyclopedia of

education. Elsevier Ltd.; 2010 Dec 1.

3.Sebastian K. Boell & Dubravka Cecez-Kecmanovic (2010)

Literature Reviews and the Hermeneutic Circle, Australian
Academic & Research Libraries, 41:2, 129-144, DOI:
10.1080/00048623.2010.10721450
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2010.10721450
 References(Conti…)
4.Abu Ali, F. and Abushaikha, L. (2019)
Hermeneutics in Nursing Studies: An Integrative
Review. Open Journal of Nursing,9,137-151.doi:
10.4236/ojn.2019.92013.

5. Tuffour I. A critical overview of interpretative

phenomenological analysis: A contemporary
qualitative research approach. Journal of
Healthcare Communications. 2017 Jul 29;2(4):52.
 References(Conti…)
6.Holm AL, Severinsson E. A hermeneutic
approach to the characteristics of mental
health nursing practice. J Psychiatr Mental
Health Nursing. 2011 Dec;18(10):843-50.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01736.x.
Epub 2011 Apr 26. PMID: 22073984.