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4.1.1.1.

Singular and Plural Noun


Singular-plural noun is a word form that indicates the number of
participants. Based from the 30 data the researcher gets 13 singular-
plural noun errors. The results are presented below.
1) I have three room (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. The noun ‘room’ is not suitable with the
numerals ‘three’ which shows plural. Then noun and number must
suitable one to another. Murphy (2021) states that countable noun
can use number. If the number plural, the noun must write in plural
form using s/es. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘It has three
rooms.’
2) Guest room located between sitting room (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. The room must be plural because it has
‘between’ shows two rooms around guest room. The correct way is
‘guest room is located between sitting rooms.’
3) My house many rooms in six room (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect. The noun ‘room’ in the sentence is not
suitable with the numeral ‘six’ which shows plural. Then noun and
number must be suitable one to another. Murphy(2021) states that
countable noun can use number. If the number plural, the noun must
write. If number is plural, the noun must be plural. Therefore, the
correct sentence is ‘my house has many rooms in six rooms.’
4) Has many room (students 8)
The sentence is incorrect. The noun ‘room’ in the sentence is not
suitable with the determiners ‘many’ which shows plural meaning.
Murphy (2012) states that ‘many’ is used with plural nouns. The noun
and determiner must suitable on to another. If determiner is plural,
the noun must be plural. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
many rooms.’
5) Three rooms are my rooms, guest rooms, and my parents’ rooms
(student 12)
The sentence is incorrect. In this sentence, the students do three
errors of singular-plural noun. ‘My rooms’ has the plural meaning of
the rooms owners. It has the same case with guest rooms and my
parents’ rooms. In this case it is not suitable with the number of the
rooms which mentions previously. The rooms owner must be singular,
so the amount of rooms will be appropriate. Therefore, it should be
‘three rooms are my room, guest room, and my parents’ room.’
6) My house size is 15x20 meter (student 12)
The sentence is incorrect because of the unsuitable between numeral
and noun. Murphy (2012) states that a plural form is used when
referring to more than one person or item. 15x 20 shows more than
one items. Therefore it should be ‘my house size is 15x20 meters.’
7) There are eleven window (student 12)
The sentence is incorrect because of the unsuitable between number
and noun. Murphy (2021) states that countable noun can use
number. If the number plural, the noun must write in plural form
using s/es. ‘Eleven’ has plural meaning that must be followed with
plural noun. Therefore, it should be ‘there are eleven windows.’
8) The room is between the living room (student 17)
The sentence is incorrect because of the unsuitable of room and
position. ‘Between’ means to show a thing in the middle of two
things. The correct way is ‘the room is between the living rooms.’
9) All brown color (student 20)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unsuitable of determiner and
the noun. Murphy (2012) states that some, any, few, little, many, and
much can be used with a noun. It must be considered based on
countable and uncountable noun. ‘All’ in the sentence has function to
show total number of things which used as plural. ‘Color’ in the
sentence should be plural. Therefore, it should be ‘all brown colors.’
10) I have three room (student 24)
The sentence is incorrect. The noun ‘room’ is not suitable with the
numeral ‘three’ which shows plural. Murphy (2021) states that
countable noun can use number. If the number plural, the noun must
write in plural form using s/es. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘It
has three rooms.’
11) we have three room (student 25)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2021) states that countable noun
can use number. If the number plural, the noun must write in plural
form using s/es. The noun ‘room’ is not suitable with the numeral
‘three’ which shows plural. Then noun and numeral must suitable one
to another. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has three rooms.’
12) The whole room is white (student 26)
The sentence is incorrect because whole has plural meaning,
therefore noun after the word must be written in plural form. The
correct way is ’the whole rooms are white.’
13) My house has 6 room (student 28)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2021) states that countable noun
can use number. If the number plural, the noun must write in plural
form using s/es.The noun ‘room’ is not suitable with the numeral ‘six’
which shows plural. Then noun and numeral must suitable one to
another. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘my house has 6 rooms.’

4.1.1.2. Subject Verb Agreement


The grammatical rule of subject-verb agreement states that the
verb or verbs in a sentence must agree with the subject in terms of
number, person, and gender. The researcher gets 63 errors of subject-
verb agreement.
1) My house colors is gray (student 1)
The sentence is incorrect because the student used the subject
‘colors’ which has the plural meaning as the pair of the verb ‘is’.
Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas
plural is used for more than one person or thing. It should use ‘color’
related to the singular noun since it is agree with number of color in
the sentence. The correct way is ‘my house color is gray.’
2) Many rooms in my house is 7 (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect because the student used the linking verb
‘is’ which has the singular meaning as the pair of the subject ‘many
rooms’. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing,
whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing.It should
use ‘are’ related to the plural noun as subject. The correct way is
‘many rooms in my house are 7.’
3) My house color is green and white
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or
thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing.The
verb must be plural related to the plural subject and colors as object.
The correct way is ‘my house colors are green and white.’
4) Many windows in my house is eight windows (student 4)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing.The subject is has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many windows in my house are eight
windows.’
5) The colors is brown (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The sentence must be added linking verbs ‘is’ related to one
color. The correct way is ‘the color is brown.’
6) Many windows in my house is eighteen windows (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many windows in my house are eighteen
windows.’
7) the colors is brown (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas plural is used for
more than one person or thing.The sentence must be added linking
verbs ‘is’ related to one color. The correct way is ‘the color is brown.’
8) My house color is green and white (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or
thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing.The
verb must be plural related to the plural subject and colors as object
have two colors. The correct way is ‘my house colors are green and
white.’
9) Many bed rooms in my house is four rooms (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing.The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many bedrooms in my house are four
rooms.’
10) Many doors in my house is seven (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject is has plural meaning, therefore the verb must
be plural. The correct way is ‘many doors in my house are seven.’
11) Bedrooms is in the front of my soon (student 7)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be in
singular form. The correct way is ‘bedroom is in the front of my son.’
12) Bedrooms is in the front of my son (student 7)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘bedroom is in the front of my son.’
13) My bedrooms is behind (student 7)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘my bedroom is behind.’
14) The colors is brown (student 7)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘the color is brown.’
15) The colors is white and orange (student 8)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or
thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing.The
verb must be plural related to the plural subject and colors as object.
The correct way is ‘the colors are white and orange.’
16) The colors is orange (student 8)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
It is also supported by object which has one color. The correct way is
‘the color is orange.’
17) Theree are 10 windows, colors is orange (student 8)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
The correct way is ‘there are 10 windows, the color is orange.’
18) My house in Mantobua, in my house consist of two rooms (student 9)
The sentence is incorrect because the verb in the clause does not
have agreement with the subject which has singular meaning. Murphy
(2012) a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas plural is
used for more than one person or thing.The verb must be in singular
form. Therefore, the correct way is ‘my house in Mantobua, in my
house consists of two rooms.’
19) My rooms is in the front (student 9)
The sentence is incorrect because subject and verb do not have
agreement one to another. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb is singular, therefore the subject must be written in
plural form. The correct way is ‘my room is in the front.’
20) My house colors is orange, blue, and green (student 10)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or
thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing.The
verb must be plural related to the plural subject and colors as object.
The correct way is ‘my house colors are orange, blue, and green.’
21) The bedrooms is my sister (student 10)
The sentence is incorrect because of the agreement between subject
and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing,
whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing.The subject
must be singular related to singular verb. The correct way is
‘the bedroom is my sister.’
22) Many windows in my house is fourteen and the color is brown
(student 10)
The sentence is incorrect because the clause does not have
connection between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is
used for one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than
one person or thing.The verb must in plural form related to the plural
subject. The correct way is ‘many windows in my house are fourteen
and the color is brown.’
23) Many beds in my house is three (student 10)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many beds in my house are three.’
24) The doors is brown (student 10)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
The correct way is ‘the door is brown.’
25) The size of my houses is rather big (student 11)
The sentence above is incorrect. It is caused by the agreement
between subject and verb. The subject is plural, while verb is singular.
Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas
plural is used for more than one person or thing. The subject needs to
be singular as the verb. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the size of
my house is rather big.’
26) There are five doors, the colors is brown (student 11)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘there are five doors, the color is brown.’
27) There are 11 windows, the colors is brown (student 11)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘there are 11 windows, the color
is brown.’
28) My house colors is orange (student 12)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘my house color is orange.’
29) Each of these rooms have the same colors (student 12)
The sentence above is incorrect. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing.The subject in the sentence is ‘each of these rooms’ refers to
individual items in a group. It means verb used in subject using word
‘each’ must have singular verb. Therefore the correct way is ‘each of
the room has the same colors.’
30) Each of these rooms has the same colors that is yellow and white
(student 12)
The sentence is incorrect because the linking verb does not have
agreement with adjective clause connectors as subject. Murphy
(2012) a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas plural is
used for more than one person or thing. ‘That’ in the sentence has
function as connector used for persons, places, and things provides
the information required to explain a noun. In the sentence, ‘that’
introduces ‘colors’ which has plural meaning. Therefore the linking
verb above should be replaced using ‘are’. All in all, the correct way is
‘each of the room has the same colors that are yellow and white.’
31) Many doors is eleven dours (student 13)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many doors are eleven doors.’
32) Many windows is 7 windows (student 13)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many windows are 7 windows.’
33) The colors is white and gray (student 14)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or
thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing.The
verb must be plural related to the plural subject and colors as object.
The correct way is ‘the colors are white and gray.’
34) Doors in my house are five, the color my doors is brown (student 17)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore verb must plural. The
correct way is ‘doors in my house are five, the color my doors
are brown.’
35) I likes my house (student 17)
The sentence does not have agreement between subject and verb.
the subject above must be followed by infinitive. Murphy (2012) a
singular is used for one person or thing, whereas plural is used for
more than one person or thing. Adding ‘s’ in the sentence is incorrect,
it just use in subject she, it and he. Therefore, it should be ‘I like my
house.’
36) My house is small, the colors is white and brown (student 18)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or
thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing. The
verb must be plural related to the plural subject and colors as object.
The correct way is ‘my house is small, the colors are white and
brown.’
37) Windows is six windows (student 19)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘windows are six windows.’
38) (Bedrooms). The colors is the same white (student 21)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘(bedrooms). The colors are the same
white.’
39) There are 9 doors, the colors is the same brown (student 21)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
The correct way is ‘There are 9 doors, the colors are the same
brown.’
40) Many doors is eleven doors the color is the same (student 22)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many doors are eleven doors the color is
the same.’
41) Many windows is 7 windows (student 22)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many windows are 7 windows.’
42) Many windows are 7 windows, the colors is the sume (student 22)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
The correct way is ‘Many windows are 7 windows, the colors
are the same.’
43) Many doors is 8 doors the coror is the same (student 23)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many doors are 8 doors the color is the
same.’
44) Many windows is 7 windows (student 23)
It has the same errors as the previous part. The sentence is incorrect
because there is no agreement between subject and verb (linking
verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing,
whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing. The subject
has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be plural. The correct
way is ‘many windows are 7 windows’.
45) Many doors is eleven doors (student 24)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many doors are eleven doors.’
46) Many windows is eleven windows (student 24)
It has the same errors as the previous part. The sentence is incorrect
because there is no agreement between subject and verb (linking
verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing,
whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing. The subject
has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be plural. The correct
way is ‘many windows are eleven windows.’
47) Many doors is eight doors (student 25)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many doors are eight doors.’
48) Many doors are eight, the colours is the same (student 25)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
The correct way is ‘Many doors are eight, the colours are the same.’
49) Colours is brown (student 25)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
The correct way is ‘color is brown’.
50) Many windows is eight windows (student 25)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no agreement between
subject and verb (linking verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be
plural. The correct way is ‘many windows are eight windows.’
51) The colors is brown too (student 25)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must singular.
The correct way is ‘the color is brown too.’
52) The whole room is white (student 26)
The sentence above is incorrect. It is caused of ‘whole’ which has
function as complete amount or sum. Murphy (2012) a singular is
used for one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than
one person or thing. It means the subject and verb must be plural
related to the word. The correct way is ‘the whole rooms are white.’
53) Many windows is six windows (student 26)
It has the same errors as the previous part. The sentence is incorrect
because there is no agreement between subject and verb (linking
verb). Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing,
whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing. The subject
has plural meaning, therefore the verb must be plural. The correct
way is ‘many windows are six windows.’
54) There are 7 doors, the colors is difference (student 27)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by the agreement of subject
and verb in the second clause. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for
one person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person
or thing. The subject is correct as plural from as represantive of doors
in the first clause. According to the subject, the linking verb must be
‘are’ which has plural meaning. The correct way is ‘there are 7 doors,
the colors are difference.’
55) My house has three bedrooms. The colors is the same (student 28)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have agreement
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The verb has singular meaning, therefore subject must be
singular. The correct way is ‘my house has three bedrooms the color
is the same.’
56) My house colours is green (student 28)
It has the same errors as the previous part. The sentence is incorrect
because it does not have agreement between subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas
plural is used for more than one person or thing. The verb has
singular meaning, therefore subject must be singular. The correct way
is ‘my house color is green.’
57) The colours is white (student 28)
It has the same errors as the previous part. The sentence is incorrect
because it does not have agreement between subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas
plural is used for more than one person or thing. The verb has
singular meaning, therefore subject must singular. The correct way is
‘the colour is white.’
58) The colors is white (student 28)
It has the same errors as the previous part. The sentence is incorrect
because it does not have agreement between subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing, whereas
plural is used for more than one person or thing. The verb has
singular meaning, therefore subject must singular. The correct way is
‘the color is white.’
59) I often sleep, study, and eats at my home (student 28)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of one of the verb does not
agreement with the subject. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The subject in the sentence does not need adding ‘s/er’ in the
verb. Therefore, the correct way is ‘I often sleep, study, and eat at my
home’.
60) Bed rooms is middle (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have correlation
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The subject is plural form, therefore the verb needs in plural
too. To complete the sentence, it can use linking verb ‘are’ which has
plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘bedrooms are middle.’
61) Bed rooms is two (student 29)
It has the same errors as the previous sentence. The sentence is
incorrect because it does not have correlation between subject and
verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one person or thing,
whereas plural is used for more than one person or thing. The subject
is plural form, therefore the verb needs in plural too. To complete the
sentence, it can use linking verb ‘are’ which has plural meaning.
Therefore, the correct way is ‘bedrooms are two.’
62) The color rooms is same (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have correlation
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing.The subject is plural form, therefore the verb needs in plural
too. To complete the sentence, it can use linking verb ‘are’ which has
plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the rooms color are
same.’
63) The colors is white and green (student 30)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have correlation
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) a singular is used for one
person or thing, whereas plural is used for more than one person or
thing. The subject is plural form, therefore the verb needs in plural
too. To complete the sentence, it can be used linking verb ‘are’ which
has plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the colors are
white and green.’

4.1.1.3. Word Order


Word order can be defined as order of words in a sentence or
phrase. Based from the 30 data the researcher got in senior high school 1
Loghia, there are 125 word order errors in students’ writing. The results
are presented below.
1) My windows there are ten, and color brown (student 1)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order.
It does not have subject and verb to order proper sentence. Then, the
object of ‘color brown’ is incorrect because brown has had color
meaning, so to order the phrase, ‘color’ is inappropriate. Therefore, it
should be ‘my windows there are ten, and their colors are brown.’
2) I do at home is cooking, washing, and cleaning the house (student 1)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of verb and
object. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. The sentence has a lot of verb and object. Some of
them are inappropriate because of repeated meaning. Therefore, it
should be ‘I cook, wash, and clean the house.’
3) My house located Korihi (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb to order
proper passive sentence. Murphy (2012) states that passive forms
need to be followed by past participle. Related to the subject, it needs
to be ‘is’ which has singular meaning. Therefore, the correct way is
‘my house is located Korihi.’
4) Many doors in 3 (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘are’ related to the subject
which has plural meaning. The correct way is ‘many doors are in 3.’
5) Many doors in 3, color the same (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘are’ related to the previous
clause which has plural meaning. The correct way is ‘many doors are
in 3, colors are the same.’
6) Many windows in 10 (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘are’ related to the subject
which has plural meaning. The correct way is ‘many windows are in
10.’
7) Colors the same that is white (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘are’ related to the subject
which has plural meaning. The correct way is ‘colors are the same
that is white.’
8) Bedroom my parents’ (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘bedroom’ and ‘my parents’. Murphy (2012) states that
apostrophe and ‘s’ to show belonging of people or animals which is
written by the subject after the owner. ‘My parents’ as owner in this
sentence must be located before ‘bedroom’ as subject in the phrase.
Therefore, it should be ‘my parents’ bedroom.’
9) Bedroom little brother (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘bedroom’ and ‘little brother’. Murphy (2012) states that
apostrophe and ‘s’ is used to show belonging of people or animals
which is written by the subject after the owner. ‘Little brother’ as
owner must be located before ‘bedroom’ as subject in the phrase.
Therefore, it should be ‘little brother’s bedroom.’
10) In front color’s green (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It has no subject and verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It needs
subject ‘house’ as discussing about, and linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning as the subject. The correct way is ‘in front of house
is green.’
11) Behind color’s white (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It has no subject and verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It needs
subject ‘it’ as pronoun of house which talks in previous phrase, and
linking verb ‘is’ which has singular meaning as the subject. The correct
way is ‘behind it is white.’
12) I usually do at my house is cleaning the house, play handphone,
watching televition (student 2)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of verb and
object. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object, and it mus be structured in order. The sentence has
amount of verb. It must be ordered properly to get proper verb based
on grammatical aspect which needs one verb in every sentence or
more than one if it has connector or punctuation. Then, object ‘at my
house’ must be put at the end of the sentence. Therefore, the correct
way is ‘I usually clean the house, play hand phone, watch television
at my house’.
13) My house located Mantobua Vilage (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. It needs to be as linking verb to complete the sentence.
Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular meaning.
Therefore, the correct way is ‘my house is located
Mantobua Village.’
14) Size my house pretty big (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘is’ related to the subject which
has singular meaning. Then, ‘size’ and ‘my house’ must be switched
one to another because in this case size has a role as modifier while
my house is as head. The correct way is ‘my house size is pretty big.’
15) Color my house grey (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘is’ related to the subject which
has singular meaning and one color as an object. Then, ‘color’ and ‘my
house’ must be switched one to another to put proper order because
color has a role as modifier whereas my house as head. The correct
way is ‘my house color is grey.’
16) My bathroom room located in front kitchen (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. The sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking
verb. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘my bathroom is located in
front of kitchen.’
17) Guest room located between sitting room (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. The sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking
verb. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘guest room is
located between sitting rooms.’
18) My home located between kitchens (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. The sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking
verb. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘my home is located between
kitchens.’
19) My kitchen located bethind (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. The sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking
verb. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘my kitchen is located behind.’
20) First room occupied bay parents (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. The sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking
verb. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘first room is
occupied by parents.’
21) the second room occupied by me (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. The sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking
verb. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the second room is
occupied by me.’
22) Rooms doors five (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject which has the plural meaning, the verb must in
plural form likewise. Therefore, it should be ‘rooms have five doors.’
23) Size my house pretty big (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘size’ and ‘my house’. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence
must have a subject, verb, and object. ‘Size’ in the sentence has a role
as modifier which means located in front of ‘my house’ as head. In
this sentence, the modifier is in front of head which is called post
modifier. Then, it needs linking verb to complete the sentence. It
needs ‘is’ as linking verb. Therefore, it should be ‘my house size is
pretty big.’
24) Color my house (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘color’s’ and ‘my house’. ‘My house’ in the sentence has a
role as head which means located before ‘color’ as modifier. In this
sentence, the modifier is in front of head which is called post
modifier. Therefore, it should be ‘my house color.’
25) Rooms in my house there are four (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect because of unstructured between subject,
verb, and object. The sentence can be more correct if the structured
change. ‘Four rooms’ as complement, ‘in my house’ has a role as
object, ‘are’ as verb, and ‘there’ as a subject. Therefore, it should be
‘there are four rooms in my house.’
26) Rooms doors five (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by no verb in the sentence.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. It needs ‘have’ to show ownership. Therefore, it should be
‘rooms have five doors.’
27) My house located Mabolu Vilage (student 4)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb. Murphy
(2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘my house is located
Mabolu Village.’
28) My house size pretty big (student 4)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘is’ related to the subject which
has singular meaning. The correct way is ‘my house size is pretty big.’
29) Have the same color namely white (student 4)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is ‘it
has the same color namely white.’
30) The colers brown (student 4)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘is’ related to the subject which
has singular meaning and one color. The correct way is ‘the color
is brown.’
31) The colors brown (student 4)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘is’ related to one color. Then,
‘brown’ has had the color meaning, therefore adding ‘color’ around
‘brown’ is inappropriate.The correct way is ‘the color is brown.’
32) I usually do at my house reading book (student 4)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured verb and
object. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. Verb in the sentence must be written one without
auxiliary if it does not negative sentence. Then, object ‘at my house’
must put at the end of the sentence. The correct way is ‘I usually read
a book at my house.’
33) My house located Mantobua Vilage (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb to order the
word propery. Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be
followed by past participle. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’
which has singular meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘my house
is located Mantobua Village.’
34) My house size pretty big (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence must be added linking verbs ‘is’ related to the subject which
has singular meaning. The correct way is ‘my house size is pretty big.’
35) My house many rooms in six room (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect. There is no verb in the sentence. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It
needs singular verb related to the singular subject. Therefore, the
correct way is ‘my house has many rooms in six rooms.’
36) Have the same color (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is ‘it
has the same color.’
37) Theree are 12 windows and all white (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have subject and verb
after connector ‘and’. Related to the clause the proper subject is
windows, and it is followed by linking verb ‘are’ as plural verb.
Therefore, the correct way is ‘there are 12 windows and all windows
are white.’
38) The numbers of doors are five and yellowish white. (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have subject and verb
after connector ‘and’. It should be ‘the numbers of doors are five and
their colors are yellowish white.’
39) Cleaning and tidying up the house (student 5)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have subject and proper
verb. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb,
and object. The sentence needs subject and verb. It needs subject ‘I’
as the guided question asking about activity at house. Therefore, the
correct way is ‘I clean and tidy up the house.’
40) My house located in Kondongia Village (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb to complete
the sentence. Murphy (2012) states that passive forms need to be
followed by past participle. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’
which has singular meaning as same as subject. Therefore, the correct
way is ‘my house is located Kondongia Village.’
41) Between living room is bedrooms (students 6)
The sentence above is incorrect. It is caused by preposition which
located in front of sentence. Preposition ‘between’ must be located
before object described. Therefore, it should be ‘living rooms is
between bedrooms.’
42) Bedroom my parents (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘bedroom’ and ‘my parents’. Murphy (2021) states that
apostrophe and ‘s’ is used to show belonging of people or animals
which is written by the subject after the owner. ‘My parents’ as
owner must be in front of ‘bedroom’ as subject in the phrase.
Therefore, it should be ‘my parents’ bedroom.’
43) Bedroom my sister (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘bedroom’ and ‘my sister’. Murphy (2021) states that
apostrophe and ‘s’ is used to show belonging of people or animals
which is written by the subject after the owner. ‘My sister’ as owner
must be written before ‘bedroom’ as subject in the phrase. Therefore,
it should be ‘my sister’s bedroom.’
44) I usually do at my house is sleeping (student 6)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of object with
and verb. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. In the sentence, ‘at my house’ is as an object, it
must be located at the end of the sentence. Then, ‘do, is, and
sleeping’ are verbs, it needs one sentence as requirement of the
proper sentence. It can be more verbs if it has punctuation or
connector. Therefore, the correct way is ‘I usually sleep at my house.’
45) It has three rooms, in front of (student 7)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have subject and verb
after coma. Related to the previous clause, it talks about rooms. It
means, the next clause talk about rooms of the house, so the subject
is ‘they’ as the pronoun of ‘rooms’. Then, the sentence is lack of
complement. It can be assumed as living room which is the middle of
the house. Therefore, the correct way is ‘it has three rooms, they are
in front of living room.’
46) Bedrooms my brother (student 7)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘bedroom’ and ‘my brother’. Murphy (2021) states that
apostrophe and ‘s’ is used to show belonging of people or animals
which is written by the subject after the owner. ‘My brother’ as
owner must be written before ‘bedroom’ as subject in the phrase.
Therefore, it should be ‘my brother’s bedroom.’
47) Is size your house 60x3 (student 8)
The sentence is incorrect because of unstructured parts of words. It
must be started using subject followed by verb and ended with
object/ complement. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have
a subject, verb, and object.Therefore, the correct way is ‘size of
my house is 60x3.’
48) Has many room is in front of living room (student 8)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused of double verb and no subject in
this sentence. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a
subject, verb, and object. The subject must be ‘it’ related to the house
which described. The correct way is ‘it has many rooms in front of
living room.’
49) The third room occupied by my parents (student 8)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb. Murphy
(2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the third room is occupied by
my parents.’
50) My house in Mantobua Village (student 9)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by no verb. The sentence need
in passive form to show location of the house. Murphy (2012) states
that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It needs linking
verb’is’ which has singular meaning relatedto the subject which has
singular meaning too. Therefore the correct way is ‘my house is
located in Mantobua Village.’
51) Has two rooms (student 9)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house. So, it
can be used ‘it’ as pronoun of ‘house’. The correct way is ‘it has two
rooms.’
52) Has nine doors that are white (student 9)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house. So
the subject can be used ‘my house’ or ‘it’ as representative of house.
The correct way is ‘it has nine doors that are white.’
53) has einght windows that are white (student 9)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used ‘house’ or ‘it’ as the pronoun. The
correct way is ‘it has eight windows that are white.’
54) What I usually do at home is eat and sleep (student 9)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of subject, verb
and object. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a
subject, verb, and object. In the sentence, ‘at my home’ is as an
object. It must be located at the end of the sentence.
Then, at the beginning of the sentence, there is a word ‘what’. It is
not appropriate because it is not a question. In other hand, it may be
seen as connector, but the word ‘what’ do not show connection in the
beginning of the sentence.
In addition, it has a lot of verbs. It is better to use ‘eat and ‘sleep to
cover activity at house as the aim of the sentence.
All in all, the correct way is ‘I usually eat and sleep at home.’
55) Sleep, eat, sweep and wash (student 11)
The sentence above does not have subject. Murphy (2012) states that
a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It is started with
verb, so it needs subject to complete the sentence. ‘I’ is proper
subject used to complete it because it tells about activity at home. All
in all, the correct way is ‘I sleep, eat, sweep and wash’.
56) I usually clean my room and doing homework there (student 12)
The sentence above is incorrect because of the agreement between
subject and verb. The sentence has two verbs connected with ‘and’.
The verbs need to write in infinitive form. Therefore, the correct way
is ‘I usually clean my room and do homework there.’
57) In my house seven rooms (student 13)
The sentence above does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The verb needs to be
written in singular verb which agrees with the subject which has
singular meaning. Therefore, it should be ‘in my house has seven
rooms.’
58) The first room occupied by my parents (student 13)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb. Murphy
(2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the first room is occupied by
my parents.’
59) I do at my home is cooking, eating, bathing, and playing cellphones
(student 14)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of verb and
object. It has a lot of verbs. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence
must have a subject, verb, and object. It must use proper noun to
cover the sentence. Some of the verbs above are inappropriate. Then,
the verb-ing must be written in infinitive form. Then, ‘at my home’ is
as an object. It must be located at the end of the sentence. All in all,
the correct way is ‘I cook, eat, take a bath, and play cellphone at my
home.’
60) My house in Waara Village (student 15)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by no verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The
sentence needs linking verb to connect between subject and object.
Linking verb ‘is’ is used to have an agreement with the subject which
has singular meaning. It must be ‘my house is in Waara Village’.
61) The rooms in my house are about 3 rooms and their location in the
rooms on the front, side and center, while the kitchen and bathroom
are on the back (student 15)
The sentence is incorrect. It is because there is no verb after
connector ‘and’. It just stands subject and object and complement of
the sentence. It needs plural linking verb ‘are’ to show an agreement
between subject and verb wich has singular meaning one to another.
The correct way is ‘the rooms in my house are about 3 rooms
and their locations are in the rooms on the front, side and center,
while the kitchen and bathroom are on the back.’
62) There are nine doors and have brown (student 16)
The sentence is incorrect because of no subject after connector. It
needs plural subject as same as previous clause. Then, it needs proper
verb because ‘have’ can not cover the clause if it has subject. It is
better to use ‘are’ as verb in the sentence replaced ‘have’. All in all,
the correct way is ‘there are nine doors and their colors are brown.’
63) There are five windows and have brown (student 16)
It has the same case as the previous errors. The student does not add
subject after connector. It needs plural subject as the representative
the first clause which has connection one to another. Furthermore, it
is also needs to use proper verb to order with the subject. It needs
linking verb in plural form as same as subject. All in all, the correct
way is ‘there are five windows and their colors are brown.’
64) Door in my house five (student 17)
The sentence above does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. To complete the
sentence, it needs linking verb in plural form because it has a lot of
doors. Therefore, the correct way is ‘doors in my house are five.’
65) It has two rooms, in front of and behind (student 18)
The sentence does not have subject in the second clause. It needs
subject in plural form which has connection with previous clause.
Therefore, it should be ‘It has two rooms, they are in front of and
behind.’
66) What I do at home is bathing, sleep, and playing cellphones (student
18)
The sentence is incorrect since it has four verbs. Murphy (2012) states
that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It can have
more than one verb if the sentence has connector or punctuation to
separate the clause or sentences. The verb ‘is’ must be omitted
because the sentence does not talk about present progressive activity
but habitual activities at home.
The object in the sentence is incorrect because it is located in the
middle. It must be at the end of the sentence.
All in all, the correct way is ‘I take a bath, sleep, and play cellphones.’
67) Has six rooms (student 19)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is ‘it
has six rooms.’
68) All black color (student 19)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. The sentence begins with modifier which has plural meaning.
To complete the subject, it needs to fit with previous sentence. The
previous sentence talks about windows. Then, to complete the
sentence, the appropriate verb is used linking verb ‘are’ which has
plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘all windows are ……….’
In addition, brown has had meaning of color, so the word ‘color’ is
inappropriate. All in all the correct way is ‘all windows are black,’
69) There seven doors (student 19)
It does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must
have a subject, verb, and object. To complete the sentence, it needs
linking verb ‘are’ which has plural meaning as same as subject. It
should be ‘there are seven doors.’
70) All brown colors (student 19)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. The sentence begins with modifier which has plural meaning.
To complete the subject, it needs to fit with previous sentence. The
previous sentence talks about doors. Then, to complete the sentence,
the appropriate verb is used linking verb ‘are’ which has plural
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘all doors are…..’ In addition,
brown has had meaning of color, so the word ‘color’ is inappropriate.
All in all the correct way is ‘all doors are brown.’
71) Has five rooms (student 20)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is ‘it
has five rooms.’
72) Living room with the kitchen (student 20)
There is no verb in the sentence. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It can be completed
using linking verb ‘is’ which has singular meaning as same as subject.
They must show the agreement one to another. The correct way is
‘living room is with the kitchen.’
73) Has five doors (student 20)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is ‘it
has five doors.’
74) All brown color (student 20)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. The sentence begins with modifier which has plural meaning.
To complete the subject, it needs to fit with previous sentence. The
previous sentence talks about doors. Then, to complete the sentence,
the appropriate verb is used linking verb ‘are’ which has plural
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘all doors are….’ In addition,
brown has had meaning of color, so the word ‘color’ is inappropriate.
All in all the correct way is ‘all doors are brown.’
75) Has six windows (student 20)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is ‘it
has six windows.’
76) All black colors (student 20)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. The sentence begins with modifier which has plural meaning.
To complete the subject, it needs to fit with previous sentence. The
previous sentence talks about windows. Then, to complete the
sentence, the appropriate verb is used linking verb ‘are’ which has
plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘all windows are ….’ In
addition, black has had meaning of color, so the word ‘color’ is
inappropriate. All in all the correct way is ‘all windows are black.’
77) Room my house five rooms (student 21)
The sentence does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. To compete the
sentence, it must use linking verb ‘is’ which has singular meaning. The
correct way is ‘my house room is five rooms.’
78) Room my house five rooms (student 21)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It needs
verb ‘have’ to show ownership. The correct way is ‘my house room
are five rooms.’
79) My bedrooms five rooms (student 21)
The sentence does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. To complete the
sentence, it must use linking verb ‘are’ which has plural meaning. The
correct way is ‘the bedrooms are five rooms.’
80) There many rooms (student 21)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. It needs linking verb in plural form because the subject use
‘there’ which means must be connected with the object. The object is
plural, therefore the verb must in plural likewise. The correct way is
’there are many rooms.’
81) The third room occupied by my parents (student 21)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb. Murphy
(2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the third room is occupied by
my parents.’
82) The second room which is in the middle which is the family room
(student 22)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The relative clause in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘the
second room is in the middle which is the family room.’
83) And the last which is the kitchen which is in the back (student 22)
It has the same case as the previous errors. This sentence also does
not have verb in the first clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence
must have a subject, verb, and object. He also states that to add
reaaltive clause, it can be after subject and verb in the first clause.
‘Which’ in the first clause must be omitted to show verb. Therefore,
the correct way is ‘and the last is the kitchen which is in the back.’
84) The first room occupied by my parents (student 22)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb. Related to
the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular meaning. Therefore,
the correct way is ‘the first room is occupied by my parents.’
85) the living room which is at the very front (student 23)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The connector in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘the
living room is at the very front.’
86) the second room which is at the very front (student 23)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The connector in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘the
second room is at the very front.’
87) The lasl which is the kitchen which is in the back room (student 23)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The connector in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘the
lasl is the kitchen which is in the back room.’
88) The first room occupied by my sellf (student 23)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. The connector in the first clause should be omitted to show
the verb. The correct way is ‘the first room is occupied by myself.’
89) The colour is the same, colour blue (student 24)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no subject and verb after
coma. The clause needs singular subject and singular verb as the
representative of previous clause. The correct way is ‘the colour is the
same, its color is blue.’
90) the living room which is in the middle which is the family room
(student 24)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The connector in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘the
living room is in the middle which is the family room.’
91) and the last which is the kitchen which is in the back in my house
(student 24)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The relative clause in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘and
the last is the kitchen which is in the back in my house.’
92) The living room which is in the middle which is the family room
(student 25)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The relative clause in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘the
living room is in the middle which is the family room.’
93) and the last which is the kitchen which is in the back room (student
25)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the first
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. He also states that to add reaaltive clause, it can be
after subject and verb in the first clause. The relative clause in the first
clause should be omitted to show the verb. The correct way is ‘and
the last is the kitchen which is in the back room.’
94) Size my home is very big (student 25)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘size’ and ‘my house’. ‘Size’ in the sentence has a role as
modifier which means located in front of ‘my house’ as head.
Therefore, it should be ‘my house size is very big.’
95) Has seven doors (student 26)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is
‘it has seven doors.’
96) All black colors (student 26)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. The sentence begins with modifier which has plural meaning.
To complete the subject, it needs to fit with previous sentence. The
previous sentence talks about windows. Then, to complete the
sentence, the appropriate verb is used linking verb ‘are’ which has
plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘all windows are ….’ In
addition, black has had meaning of color, so the word ‘color’ is
inappropriate. All in all the correct way is ‘all windows are black.’
97) The first room in the front of guest room (student 27)
The sentence is incorrect because of verb errors. The sentence does
not have verb to separate subject and object. Murphy (2012) states
that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It needs linking
verb ‘is’ which has singular meaning as similar as subject. Therefore, it
should be ‘the first room is in the front of guest room.’
98) The fourth room in the middle (student 27)
It has the same errors as the previous part. The sentence is incorrect
because of verb errors. The sentence does not have verb to separate
subject and object. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a
subject, verb, and object. It needs linking verb ‘is’ which has singular
meaning as similar as subject. Therefore, it should be ‘the fourth
room is in the middle.’
99) 2 bed rooms (student 27)
The sentence does not have subject and verb. Murphy (2012) states
that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. The sentence
begins with object of the sentence which shows amount of bedrooms.
It needs subject ‘it’ as representative of house on the topic, and ‘has’
as verb to show amount of bedrooms. Therefore, the correct way is ‘it
has 2 bedrooms.’
100) All brown colors (student 26)
The sentence is incorrect because there is no subject and verb.
Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and
object. The sentence begins with modifier which has plural meaning.
To complete the subject, it needs to fit with previous sentence. The
previous sentence talks about rooms. Then, to complete the
sentence, the appropriate verb is used linking verb ‘are’ which has
plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘all rooms are ….’ In
addition, brown has had meaning of color, so the word ‘color’ is
inappropriate. All in all the correct way is ‘all rooms are brown.’
101) Second doors have the same color purple (student 27)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘color’ and ‘purple’. ‘Purple’ has had color meaning,
therefore to order the phrase, ‘color’ is inappropriate. It should be
‘second doors have the same purple.’
102) For the third to seventh doors have the same color brown
(student 27)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘color’ and ‘blue’. ‘Brown’ has had color meaning, therefore
to order the phrase, ‘color’ is inappropriate. It should be ‘for the third
to seventh doors have the same brown.’
103) Has many doors 6 (student 28)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used pronoun ‘it’. The correct way is ‘it
has many doors 6.’
104) Has many windows 10 (student 28)
The sentence is incorrect since it does not have subject. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Related to the subject of the written topic, it talks about house.
Therefore, the subject can be used ‘it’ as pronoun. Then, it has double
quantity of many and ten. It will be better use ten because it is clear
about the number. So, the correct way is ‘it has 10 windows.’
105) Total rooms in my house fourth (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have correlation
between subject and verb. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence
must have a subject, verb, and object. The subject is plural form,
therefore the verb needs in plural too. To complete the sentence, it
can use linking verb ‘are’ which has plural meaning. Therefore, the
correct way is ‘total rooms in my house are four.’
106) Size my house is big (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘size’ and ‘my house’. ‘Size’ in the sentence has a role as
modifier which means located in front of ‘my house’ as head.
Therefore, it should be ‘my house size is big.’
107) First bedroom property my grandfather (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘property’ and ‘my grandfather’. Murphy (2012) states that
apostrophe and ‘s’ to show belonging of people or animals which is
written by the subject after the owner. ‘My grandfather’ as woner
must be behind ‘bedroom’ as subject in the phrase. Then, it does not
have verb. To complete the sentence, it needs linking verb ‘is’ which
has singular meaning as similar as subject. Therefore, it should be
‘first bedroom is my grandfather’s property.’
108) First bedroom property my grandfather (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by missing verb. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
Therefore, it should be ‘first bedroom is my grandfather’s property.’
109) Second bedroom property my mother and me (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
To complete the sentence, it can be use linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning as similar as subject. The correct way is ‘second
bedroom is my mother’s property and me.’
110) Second bedroom property my mother and me (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘property’ and ‘my mother’. Murphy (2012) states that
apostrophe and ‘s’ to show belonging of people or animals which is
written by the subject after the owner. ‘My mother’ as owner must be
behind ‘bedroom’ as subject in the phrase. Therefore, it should be
‘second bedroom is my mother’s property.’
111) The color rooms is same (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘color’ and ‘room’. ‘Room’ in the sentence has a role as
modifier which means located behind ‘color’ as head. Therefore, it
should be ‘the rooms color is same.’
112) Color my windows grey (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘color’ and ‘my windows’. ‘My windows’ in the sentence has
a role as head which means located behind ‘color’ as modifier.
Therefore, it should be ‘my windows color is grey.’
113) I usually do at my house is sleeping, eating, working and singing
(student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of verb and
object. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. It has a lot of verb. It needs proper verb to
complete the sentence. ‘Do’ and ‘is’ is inappropriate because it has
other verbs which show clear activity at house. Then, the verb-ing
must be written in infinitive form because it does not talk about
ongoing activity.
Lastly, ‘at my house’ is as an object. It must be located at the end of
the sentence. Finally, the correct way is ‘I usually sleep, eat, work
and sing at my house.’
114) Color my doors brown (student 29)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘color’ and ‘doors’. ‘Doors’ in the sentence has a role as head
which means located behind ‘color’ as modifier. Therefore, it should
be ‘my doors color is brown.’
115) Total doors in my house three (student 29)
It has the same error as the previous sentence. The sentence is
incorrect because it does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. To complete the
sentence, it can be used linking verb ‘are’ which has plural meaning.
Therefore, the correct way is ‘total doors in my house are three.’
116) Total doors in my house are three and color my doors brown
(student 29)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb in the second
clause. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject,
verb, and object. To complete the sentence, it can use linking verb
‘are’ which has plural meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘my
doors color are brown.’
117) Total doors in my house five (student 29)
It has the same error as the previous sentences. The sentence is
incorrect because it does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. To complete the
sentence, it can use linking verb ‘are’ which has plural meaning.
Therefore, the correct way is ‘total doors in my house are five.’
118) Color my windows grey (student 29)
It has the same error as the previous sentences. The sentence is
incorrect because it does not have verb. Murphy (2012) states that a
sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. To complete the
sentence, it can use linking verb ‘are’ which has plural meaning.
Therefore, the correct way is ‘my windows color are grey.’
119) I usually do at my house is sleeping, eating, working and singing
(student 29)
The sentence is incorrect order of verb and object. Murphy (2012)
states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. It has a
lot of verb. It can have more than one verb if the sentence has
connector or punctuation to separate the clause or sentences. The
verb ‘is’ must be omitted because the sentence does not talk about
present progressive activity but habitual activities at home. ‘Do’ is
also inappropriate because it has other verbs which clear tell about
activity at home.
Then, the object in the sentence is incorrect because it is located in
the middle among verbs. It must at the end of the sentence.
All in all, the correct way is ‘I usually sleep, eat, work and sing at my
house.’
120) Size my house in rather big (student 30)
The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
To complete the sentence, it can be use linking verb ‘is’ which has
singular meaning as similar as subject. Then, it does not verb, it needs
singular verb of linking verb as same as subject. The correct way is
‘my house size is in rather big.’
121) Size my house in rather big (student 30)
The sentence is incorrect. It is caused by unstructured of word order
between ‘size’ and ‘my house’. ‘Size’ in the sentence has a role as
modifier which means located in front of ‘my house’ as head. Then, it
doesnot have verb. It needs singular verb of linking verb as similar as
subject. Therefore, it should be ‘my house size is in big.’

122) There many rooms (student 30)


The sentence is incorrect because it does not have verb. Murphy
(2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object.
To complete the verb, the subject using ‘there’ must focus to object in
the sentence, to make sure it is singular or plural. The object has
plural form, therefore to complete the verb, it needs ‘are’ as linking
verb which has plural meaning. Finally, the correct way is ‘there are
many rooms.’
123) 5 bedrooms (student 30)
The sentence does not have subject and verb. Murphy (2012) states
that a sentence must have a subject, verb, and object. To complete it,
it needs ‘there are’ to show amount of bedrooms. Therefore, the
correct way is ‘there are 5 bedrooms.’
124) The third room occupied by my sister (student 30)
The sentence is incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The
sentence seems passive, so it needs to be as linking verb. Murphy
(2012) states that passive forms need to be followed by past
participle. Related to the subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular
meaning. Therefore, the correct way is ‘the third room is occupied by
my sister.’
125) The fifth room occupied by my parents (student 30)
It has the same error as the previous sentence. The sentence is
incorrect since the sentence does not have verb. The sentence seems
passive, so it needs to be as linking verb. Murphy (2012) states that
passive forms need to be followed by past participle. Related to the
subject, it needs to be ‘is’ which has singular meaning. Therefore, the
correct way is ‘the fifth room is occupied by my parents.’
126) There are 9 doors, the color the same (student 30)
The sentence is incorrect because the second clause does not have
verb. Murphy (2012) states that a sentence must have a subject, verb,
and object. The subject is correct as plural from as a representative of
doors in the first clause. According to the subject, the linking verb
must ‘are’ which has plural meaning as similar as subject. The correct
way is ‘there are 9 doors, the colors are the same.

4.1.1.4. Pronoun
Pronouns are words that substitute person, place, or thing. In the
students writing, based from the 30 data, the researcher got 9 pronoun
errors in students’ writing. The results are presented below.
1) I have three room (student 3)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that ‘I/ you/ they/
we/ she/ he/ it are included in personal pronoun which refers to the
person they are addressing, or to other people and things. The
pronoun ‘I’ has no relation with the topic about my house and the
previous sentence which talks about house. Pronoun ‘I’ should be ‘it’
as pronoun of the house. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
three bedroom.’
2) Is size your house 60x3 (student 8)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2021) states that
my/your/his/her/its/our/there are pronoun using to satte belonging.
The pronoun ‘your’ in the sentence has no connection with the
previous sentence which discusses about ‘my house’. The pronoun
‘your’ in the sentence should be ‘my’. Therefore the correct sentence
is ‘size of my house is 60x3.’
3) I have two bedrooms (student 13)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that ‘I/ you/ they/
we/ she/ he/ it are included in personal pronoun which refers to the
person they are addressing, or to other people and things.The
pronoun ‘I’ has no relation with the topic about my house and the
previous sentence which talks about house. Pronoun ‘I’ should be ‘it’
as pronoun of the house. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
two bedrooms.’
4) I have three bedrooms (student 19)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that ‘I/ you/ they/
we/ she/ he/ it are included in personal pronoun which refers to the
person they are addressing, or to other people and things.The
pronoun ‘I’ has no relation with the topic about my house and the
previous sentence which talks about house. Pronoun ‘I’ should be ‘it’
as pronoun of the house. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
three bedrooms.’
5) My bedrooms five rooms (student 21)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that
my/your/his/her/its/our/there are pronoun using to satte belonging.
The pronoun ‘my’ is incorrect with the next sentence which tells
about the owner of the bedrooms. It can be concluded that it is not
only one person for five rooms. In order to make it correct, the
pronoun ‘my’ should be omitted or replaced using article ‘the’.
Therefore, it can be ‘bedrooms are five rooms.’
6) I have 2 bedrooms (student 22)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that ‘I/ you/ they/
we/ she/ he/ it are included in personal pronoun which refers to the
person they are addressing, or to other people and things.The
pronoun ‘I’ has no relation with the topic about my house and the
previous sentence which talks about house. Pronoun ‘I’ should be ‘it’
as pronoun of the house. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
two bedrooms.’
7) I have 3 bed rooms (student 23)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that ‘I/ you/ they/
we/ she/ he/ it are included in personal pronoun which refers to the
person they are addressing, or to other people and things. The
pronoun ‘I’ has no relation with the topic about my house and the
previous sentence which talks about house. Pronoun ‘I’ should be ‘it’
as pronoun of the house. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
three bed rooms.’
8) I have three room (student 24)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that ‘I/ you/ they/
we/ she/ he/ it are included in personal pronoun which refers to the
person they are addressing, or to other people and things. The
pronoun ‘I’ has no relation with the topic about my house and the
previous sentence which talks about house. Pronoun ‘I’ should be ‘it’
as pronoun of the house. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
three rooms.’
9) I have three bedrooms (student 26)
The sentence is incorrect. Murphy (2012) states that ‘I/ you/ they/
we/ she/ he/ it are included in personal pronoun which refers to the
person they are addressing, or to other people and things. The
pronoun ‘I’ has no relation with the topic about my house and the
previous sentence which talks about house. Pronoun ‘I’ should be ‘it’
as pronoun of the house. Therefore, the correct sentence is ‘it has
three bedrooms.’

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