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DatePage
Date 16/4/2022

13. URGANISMS AND POPUIATIONS

epulation
ive in tOmmen hiabthat Hhey Bhase cem.men gerzaaphical asea
They shase_ i compele doy 1esciÜYCOJ
hey intDYbred.(pepulatton also ineludts o1ganLsms that1eprodlue
asëxually)
AHiauti Ldifdual Pepulatiton
Bth Buth Rat
Peath. Death Rali
ii bex Dy dender Sex Aalio
NOTE Rate change lin_number. LncaLase deaase Nespect lo popiulatiom

CALCULANION OF BIRTH RATË AND DEATH RATE

Auith Rolk i Plark tn 2end- 20.
Due Lo nepraduclion =8 exka mAe_added.
ÁD AUth AaR No ALth 08= 0.4 sbt
1otal pepulatten
CegthRalToläl hepuletimn=ol hauitllis- to
No of deth 4
Reath Aati- No.e dealhs 64 = 0.1
lolal pepulalion 0.

bPoLATION A7TRIBUES-
ppulatmfluclualeA dueto £
Bith (Elatality).-Nlo al hirths dlusing a quuen_pesiod
apeath( Motality)-No _deathu dusnng a quien_pei
3Tmmigsakion-No.o_Lnvidhuals A5ame SpeLA dhad come mlba
guien AabtHat_dusing a gien_pesuod
4Cmiok.ahiom-No.ol urdividualu q same spetinu dhat leaue tHie
Len fhabidalt dusing a suenpeubd
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LMMGRAT1ON
()

PoPULATON
ATALITY eNSIY MORTALTTY
(8 A0

MUGCAT1ON

opulaHten ncieases duue b bisth and ummignaftom.

epulaton_ decuedse due To death auna emigntten
Hao chadN:Pepulatton densuly /Nu the popultten af lme tthen
pep1latin at IN4A= Ng +[[B+7)-(D+¬)1
NL+1Pepiulokim densdiy a tme t+1
Nt Populakion denili tine
B Natatily o Bidh Rali
I-Lmmiarotton
D Mortatil
E Emlgatiom

LCxam) AGe PrRAMIDS

FIG:15.4
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CxPANDING 8TABLE DECCININ4

e-reprmaductive populat PR=R PRSR.
HLCn_(PR)_maehan

Lze opepulaten_LPepulatom_denily LAt) fel uA Abet the

bdalis ohabtat o the ealogi.al pmess
Ep.Lempetton aiueen speciuu,impact o preAaln,implLcto
Destuale applitaton_etc. can he PVluathduaith Yesped fo
ohange tn pAplulitin_Hzi

Fepulctdiom_kenstl Lopultcn sRe][N)

PerDent g COVeY bietnaal Cempome banyan to Puthenum
Wo QLulonuisBCCExia inn tuliture baclEta
No h CQueht ineauch tapPsh number.
Pugmuk o eCalp tllels+ lger.
Populattm aouwth moclel.
pResurDA unlimltd>bxponenkial granth
kHabtiat
Ruaures lmilidktzistic arcucth
UNLIMITE LIMITED RESDORCES
Canying

Popiuinpn lopu la lio

denaly tn

S.Shape sigmotd cuunve

Caayingy capauilonk
Mo~mum_no.o fhdiiiluala a hahitatcan teld fora pathiulas
SpectLA

4Epamential2- lihen 1aErc in n_habitat ase unllmilad then

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is exponential brlEgnons in
Ptulo pepulatton grouoth
gecomehtc fashion.
i.e.tnckLaAe_OrodeCLLNe
Opnopiultonu
Chang un pepuulakton
[b-d) x N. WhesL,
guven
Luniguue Hme_La hy aN
dt

N= Changein_pepulcHon.
adt

b blrth Ralz
oa death RA
N-Popaulalin densu
1-Tnstainslt natural_inatase in pepulathon.
dN XN : Not wheTe,

N Yopulatuim at thme
Ng opulation at Keso

Logistic model (veshulst peasl model):

a g phase NSK at Change in pepulolien is less]
ADg phaAe NK[NT mY
SHationahy NEklChange iu nil 1
dN ETAN[K-NT
dt LK

RVOlues
Noruay 0.015
Flour beetHe : 0.1.
FO.0to O.5
Athrath 18.3
eath ral 1.3.
SPCCIGSA SPECLGSB NAM O INTERACIONs INTERSPECLETC_TNTERACTtONS B/u Species
+ Muttualk. Lihen Alga4 Provitas nuhitom to ung!
1

Fungl: Aborbs nutrilièm Aom alga

Fung olkn pbbeh o oler htois
4 tuighex plart Cymndspesm th4 ldpd h eplpA proditl
bov bghdrpollinaion
) PLantsPravides frod
Anfmals+Palinatton
4)F-Pronu dood for grovoing laeua and þrovde sit om
posttn t Layúrny gg).
Fg wadlsp-Hebs in petuunaltom
6)Orchit
5)Orchids(COphAys
(0pn etal sintleaY semale ingect
Sexuat decet.
4 MD.
cohulaton
BCe and hu mble beseuao
Neeta
CoeysliuiomBoth nleracg gpèied evolue Cogelher
CDTmpettw FlaminApes uath\
AND Complpla omplanklond Arumals Hlott
Fuhe the Leate curren-
SPECIAS A SPECuES B NAMe OE ZNTERACTID) ZNTERSPEcTETC ZNTCRATLONSBD Apeu)
Abingen borTose tornpeltlien tor Guas
ANDGOt Betar grauing, buoweíng tapag
galapags lsland]
8Triteidal asen-Bunales Apedi
Balarius-domtnalis
and
CathamalusCOmpietibe yeledse
Ihne ol compedtiie peuis i pukeulos apeus pond iu
dichibuutm geographically

Compelhlic exthuacm pinupler lohen relatid peuls tompei

for same v CTCe, tornpeh vety infen peuhy vaull cventuatu
fhe
be eliminaled
PAEdotren. redatb Tige1- Ave channels for hahafer endgy
-hey keep pAy populatin n oondpl.
Trey yedute compefition bi paay piopuulatn aned heß in
maunHalnlng diverey
Camialouge-Iec and fo.
#MenaAch butesy: Eitastefut |Lasae tudsom plard.
Cotohropis : Candio yosldes [coma eudiac arret death
in bscning animauj,
Physpal defens in ptan6.
 +Caucttus :ekoti spei when cnhsoduced Aust alla gre
uncomhollably.
SPECIES A SPECISs6. DAMC OF IUTGRACÍtON FCatuu oede ng ineecld oa inhoduuced
Yembvead
n muerkebralks-exunctj in yeaYs Hume
CHeMTCA DeFeNCe:
NcoTne
|Capfune
Quuul mine
SRychaine
hum
Pan ds ttik m #PrAaslis: Get| tret topo and Lodgung.
Pauasi les hasm host by deuenaung
1. Uvtvat abulily
&qaotpth
3. Immuundy
4Porulatim dengily
5. Phyoica fenut
6.Repmodlucktom.
Malnial plant vepy Mpsqauutlo
PLas mpoliùm1
HO8 Snall
River Plube Fh
kCelipaxas ilu
HLuurnan-uce
Rog-Aicks.
SPECESA SPECYES|B |NAMe OE?NZËRATDusZNTER3PACIEC NTERACTLONSLB/n Kpetitu
emdopanasils
Tapeupon.
Roundiporm
AsCaRCs
Biod Pua sillsm*
Cuckob YS, egg n cauo nast
Vucko0s 9g hatch.
Cuoo daill Cake ase.
Copepods ECOFLSh
Arthopoda pøia stle
Faustateani
CuSCLAHedpe planla (Boundoay planks).|
Commealum. Onthid os
in
Mango
lge (mo benefi)
Hdhilat4
outhg.

BaanadesKO), whales
ahalat for Cnobenefir)

Clouonfish Un sea, anemone.

Bavedl Hom unging
predaly
Hentaplés

Amensalem Cou) lkimg yra46

Ferici Llum_kitürg8acthria
pencittu