Constitution

of India
Structure of Constitution
The ' Basic Structure ' doctrine
has since been interpreted to
include the supremacy of the
constitution , the rule of law ,
Independence of the judiciary ,
doctrine of separation of powers
, sovereign democratic republic ,
the parliamentary system of
government , the principle of
free and fair elections , welfare
state ... etc .
 The Constitution of India defines its
'Basic Structure' in terms of
federalism, secularism, fundamental
rights and democracy. The
Constitution of India provides for
'judicial review' to safeguard the
citizens' liberties and to preserve the
ideals on which the Constitution is
based.
The Structure of Indian
Constitution when it was
introduced

The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution of India

which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th
November, 1949 and came into force on 26th January, 1950. The
Constitution provides for a Parliamentary form of government
which is federal in structure with certain unitary features.
 India is a Sovereign
Socialist Secular
Constitutional Democratic Republic with a
Parliamentary form of
Structure of government which is
Indian federal in structure with
government unitary features. There is a
Council of Ministers with
the Prime Minster as its
head to advice the
President who is the
constitutional head of the
country.
 Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar

Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar is known as the father of Indian constitution. On 29

August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee. This
Drafting Committee was headed by Ambedkar.
Preamble of Indian
Constitution
The Preamble to the
Constitution is a reflection of the
core constitutional values that
embody the Constitution. It
declares India to be a Sovereign
Socialist Secular Democratic
Republic committed to Justice,
Equality and Liberty for the
people.
"'We the people of India , having solemnly resolved into a Sovereign
Socialist
Secular Democratic Republic and secure to all its citizens. "
 Who designed the
Preamble of Indian
Constitution
Painter Beohar Rammanohar Sinha

The preamble page, along with other pages of the

original Constitution of India, was designed and
decorated by the renowned painter Beohar
Rammanohar Sinha of Jabalpur who was at
Shantiniketan with Acharya Nandalal Bose at that
time. Nandalal Bose endorsed Sinha's artwork
without any alteration whatsoever.
Parts of Indian Constitution
Parts and Subject Articles
Part I – The Union and its Territories
1–4
Part II – Citizenship
5 -11
Part III – Fundamental Rights
12 – 35
Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy
36 – 51
Part I—The Union and Its territories is a compilation of laws
pertaining to the constitution of India as a country and the
union of states that it is made of. This part of the Indian
constitution contains the law in establishment, renaming,
merging or altering the borders of the states or union
territories.
Article 1, Constitution of India 1950

(1) India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. (2)

The States and the territories thereof shall be the
States and their territories specified in Parts A, B and
C of the First Schedule. (c) such other territories as
may be acquired.
 Part II of the Constitution of India (Articles 5-11) deals with
the Citizenship of India. Article 5 speaks about the citizenship
of India at the commencement of the Constitution (Nov 26,
1949). Article 11 gave powers to the Parliament of India to
regulate the right of citizenship by law.

Citizenship in India is governed by Articles 5 – 11

(Part II) of the Constiution. The Citizenship Act,
1955 is the legislation dealing with citizenship.ion
dealing with citizenship.
 Article 12 to 35 contained in Part III of the Constitution deal with
Fundamental Rights. These are: Right to equality, including equality
before law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion,
race, caste, sex or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in
matters of employment.
13(3): In this article, unless the context otherwise
requires law includes any Ordinance, order, bye
law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or
usages having in the territory of India the force
of law; laws in force includes laws passed or
made by Legislature or other competent
authority in the territory of India ...
Directive Principles of Our State Policy: Part Part IV of the
Constitution
IV (Articles 36-51) of our constitution deals of India
with directive principles of state policy. It (Article 36–
51) contains
includes implementation of the uniform civil
the Directive
code, abolition of untouchability and Principles of
prohibition of its practice in any form and State Policy
(DPSP). These
removal of legal disabilities on the women
principles aim
etc. at ensuring
socio-
economic
justice to the
people and
establishing
India as a
Welfare State.
 Amendments of Indian Constitution
The 105 Amendment of Indian Constitution,
2021, also known as the Constitution (One
Hundred and Fifth Amendments) Act, revived the
power of the State governments to identify
SEBCs or socially and educationally backward
classes
First Amendment Act, 1951
Reasons:
To remove certain practical difficulties created by the court's
decision in several cases such as Kameshwar Singh Case, Romesh
Thapar Case, etc.
Issues involved in the cases included freedom of speech,
acquisition of the Zamindari land, State monopoly of trade, etc
 As of September 2023, there have been 106
amendments of the Constitution of India since it
was first enacted in 1950. There are three types
of amendments to the Constitution of India of
which second and third type of amendments are
governed by Article 368.
 73rd and 74th
amendment

The 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts

were introduced. These Amendment
acts played a major role in
decentralizing power in India by
transferring power from the central
and state governments to the local
bodies.
The 73rd and 74th Amendments Act was passed in the year 1992. Both
the 73rd and 74th amendments are extremely important to the Indian
constitution as well as its populace
 An amendment of the Constitution can be
initiated only by the introduction of a Bill in
either House of Parliament.

At last , The Bill must then be passed in

each House by a majority of the total
membership of that House and by a
majority of not less than two-thirds of the
members of that House present and voting.
 Gourav Jain - 22BCR00118
Syed Aiman Shah - 22BCR00564
Asispreet Singh - 22BCR00781
Mohammed Rehaan Khan - 22BCR00912
Sufiyan - 22BCR256