ASSIGNMENT – VISCOSITY and SURFACE TENSION

1. A circular disc of a diameter ' d ' is slowly rotated in a liquid of large viscosity ' η ' at a small distance ' h ' from a
fixed surface as shown in figure. Derive an expression for torque ' τ ' necessary to maintain an angular velocity '
ω '.

2. If velocity distribution is given as (parabolic) u = c1 y 2 + c2 y + c3 for the same force of 2 N and the speed of the
plate 2 m/sec, the constants C1 , C2 &C3 are-

(A) 200,200,0 (B) 5000,200,0 (C) 5000,0,0 (D) 500,200,0

3. The velocity gradient just below the plate. in above problem is equal to - (per second)
(A) Zero (B) 100 (C) 500 (D) 200
4. The velocity gradient just near the bottom boundary is equal to -
(A) Zero (B) 100 (C) 500 (D) 200
5. A spherical ball is moving with terminal velocity inside a liquid. Determine the relationship of rate of heat loss
with the radius of ball.
6. A metal square plate of 10 cm side rests on a 2 mm thick caster oil layer. Calculate the horizontal force needed
to move the plate with speed 3 cm s−1 : (Coefficient of viscosity of caster oil is 15 poise)
(A) 2.25 × 10−2 N (B) 2.25 × 10−1 N (C) 2.25 × 10−3 N (D) 2.25 × 10−4 N
7. A man starts rowing his stationary cuboidal boat of base area A = 10 m2. The driving force on the boat due to
rowing is 100 N in the direction of motion. Find the maximum velocity that the boat can achieve. Also find the
time in which he will attain half of this maximum velocity. [Take coefficient of viscosity of water = 15 poise] The
depth of the lake is 10 m and the combined mass of man and the boat to be 150 kg. ( u = 0, velocity gradient
uniform)
8. A ball bearing of radius of 3 mm made of iron of density 7.85 g cm−3 is allowed to fall through a long column of
glycerine of density 1.25 g cm−3. It is found to attain a terminal velocity of 2.20 cm s −1. Determine the viscosity
of glycerine in centipoise. (Take g = 10 m/s2 )
9. An air bubble of 1 cm radius is rising at a steady rate of 0.5 cm s−1 through a liquid of density 0.81gcm−3 .
Calculate the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid. Neglect the density of air. (Take g = 10 m/s2 )
10. A metallic sphere of radius 1.0 × 10−3 m and density 1.0 × 104 kg/m3 enters a tank of water, after a free fall
through a distance of h in the earth's gravitational field. If its velocity remains unchanged after entering water,
determine the value of h. Given: coefficient of viscosity of water = 1.0 × 10−3 N − s/m2 , g = 10 m/s2 and
density of water = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3.
11. A long thin straight uniform wire of negligible radius is supported on the surface of a liquid. The width of the
container is 2 d and the wire is kept at its centre, parallel to its length (as shown in figure). The surface of the
liquid is depressed by a vertical distance y(y ≪ d) at the centre as shown in figure. If the wire has mass λ per
unit length, what is the surface tension of the liquid? Ignore end effects.
12. A film of water is formed between two straight parallel wires each 10 cm long and at separation 0.5 cm.
Calculate the work required to increase 1 mm distance between wires. Surface tension = 72 × 10−3 N/m.
13. The work done in blowing a bubble of volume V is W, then what is the work done in blowing a soap bubble of
volume 2 V ?
14. A thin capillary of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 (The inner tube is solid) is dipped in water. To how much
height will the water raise in the tube? (Assume contact angle θ → 0 )

15. The rise of liquid in a capillary tube depends on:

(A) the material of tube and nature of liquid (B) the length of tube
(C) the outer radius (D) the inner radius of the tube
16. A capillary tube of radius R is immersed in water and water rises in it to a height H. Mass of water in capillary
tube is M. If the radius of the tube is doubled, mass of water that will rise in capillary tube will be
M
(A) 2M (B) M (C) (D) 4M
2
17. The correct shape of a water drop enclosed between two glass plates in gravity free space will be –

18. A capillary tube with inner cross-section in the form of a square of side a is dipped vertically in a liquid of density
ρ and surface tension σ which wet the surface of capillary tube with angle of contact θ. The approximate height
to which liquid will be raised in the tube is: (Neglect the effect of surface tension at the corners capillary tube)
2σcos⁡ θ 4σcos⁡ θ 8σcos⁡ θ
(A) aρg
(B) aρg
(C) aρg
(D) None of these
19. A liquid soap film in shape of a plane loop has an initial area 0.05 m2. If its area is slowly doubled then the
increase in its surface potential energy from its initial value will be (Surface tension of liquid = 0.2 N/m ).
(A) 5 × 10−2 J (B) 2 × 10−2 J (C) 3 × 10−2 J (D) None of these
20. The surface tension of a liquid is 5 Newton per meter. If a film of this liquid is held on a ring of area 0.02⁡m2 , its
surface energy is about:
(A) 5 × 10−2 J (B) 2.5 × 10−2 J (C) 2 × 10−1 J (D) 3 × 10−1 J
21. A capillary tube of radius 0.20 mm is dipped vertically in water. Find the height of the water column raised in
the tube. Surface tension of water = 0.075 N/m and density of water = 1000 kg/m3 . Take g = 10 m/s2 and
contact angle 0∘ .
22. A long capillary tube of mass ' π ' gm, radius 2 mm and negligible thickness, is partially immersed in a liquid of
surface tension 0.1 N/m. Take angle of contact zero and neglect buoyant force of liquid. The force required to
hold the tube vertically, will be −(g = 10 m/s2 )
 (A) 10.4πmN (B) 10.8πmN (C) 0.8πmN (D) 4.8πmN
23. A thread is tied slightly loose to a wire frame as shown in the figure. And the frame is dipped into a soap solution
and taken out. The frame is completely covered with the film. When the portion A is punctured with a pin, the
thread:

(A) becomes convex towards A (B) becomes concave towards A

(C) remains in the initial position (D) either (A) or (B) depending on size of A w.r.t. B
24. Water is filled up to a height h in a beaker of radius R as shown in the figure. The density of water is ρ, the
surface tension of water is T and the atmospheric pressure is P0 . Consider a vertical section ABCD of the water
column through a diameter of the beaker. The force on water on one side of this section by water on the other
side of this section has magnitude

(A) |2P0 Rh + πR2 ρgh − 2RT| (B) |2P0 Rh + Rρg h2 − 2RT|

(C) |P0 πR2 + Rρgh2 − 2RT| (D) |P0 πR2 + Rρgh2 + 2RT|
25. Water rises in a vertical capillary tube up to a length of 10 cm. If the tube is inclined at 45∘ , the length of water
column risen in the tube will be:
(A) 10 cm (B) 10√2 cm (C) 5√2 cm (D) 20 cm
−3 −4
26. Radius of a capillary is 2 × 10 m. A liquid of weight 6.28 × 10 N may remain in the capillary, then the
surface tension of liquid will be:
(A) 5 × 10−3 N/m (B) 5 × 10−2 N/m (C) 5 N/m (D) 50 N/m
27. Work done in increasing the size of a soap bubble from a radius of 3 cm to 5 cm is nearly. (Surface tension of
soap solution = 0.03Nm−1 )
(A) 4π⁡mJ (B) 0.2π⁡mJ (C) 2π⁡mJ (D) 0.4π⁡mJ
28. A vertical glass tube of small radius open at both ends contains some water. Which of the following shapes is not
possible for the water in the tube (angle of contact between water and glass is acute):

29. Which of the following statements are true in case when two water drops coalesce and make a bigger drop:
(A) Energy is released
 (B) Energy is absorbed
(C) The surface area of the bigger drop is greater than the sum of the surface areas of both the drops
(D) The surface area of the bigger drop is smaller than the sum of the surface areas of both the drops
1
30. A rectangular blade of negligible weight floats on a water surface of surface tension × 10−1 N/m. Its internal
7
and external perimeter is 6a and 8a respectively then minimum force to lift up blade from water surface is
x × 10−2 newton then x is ( Take a = 10 cm)

COMPREHENSION
When liquid medicine of density ρ is to be put in the eye, it is done with the help of a dropper. As the bulb on
the top of the dropper is pressed, a drop forms at the opening of the dropper. We wish to estimate the size of
the drop. We first assume that the drop formed at the opening is spherical because that requires a minimum
increase in its surface energy. To determine the size, we calculate the net vertical force due to the surface
tension T when the radius of the drop is R. When this force becomes smaller than the weight of the drop, the
drop gets detached from the dropper.
31. If the radius of the opening of the dropper is r; the vertical force due to the surface tension on the drop of radius
R (assuming r < R ) is:
2πr2 T 2πR2 T
(A) 2πrT (B) 2πRT (C) R (D) r
−4 3 −3 −2 −1
32. If r = 5 × 10 m, ρ = 10 kgm , g = 10 ms , T = 0.11Nm , the radius of the drop when it detaches from
the dropper is approximately:
(A) 1.4 × 10−3 m (B) 3.3 × 10−3 m (C) 2.0 × 10−3 m (D) 4.1 × 10−3 m
33. After the drop detaches, its surface energy is:
(A) 1.4 × 10−6 J (B) 2.7 × 10−6 J (C) 5.4 × 10−6 J (D) 8.1 × 10−6 J

ANSWERS
πηωd4
1. τ= ( ) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (A)
32 h
5. Rate of heat loss ∝ r 5 6. (B) 7. 100 ln 2 seconds 8. 6000
λgd
9. 360 poises 10. 20 m 11. T = 2y
12. 14.4 × 10−6 J
2T
13. 22/3 ⁡W 14. h = (r 15. (A) 16. (A)
2 −r 1 )ρg
17. (C) 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. 7.5 cm 22. B 23. B 24. B
25. B 26. B 27. D 28. B
29. A, D 30. 2 31. C 32. A
33. B