Reg. No.

Question Paper Code : 30277

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL/MAY 2022.

Third Semester

Civil Engineering

CE 6303 — MECHANICS OF FLUIDS

(Common to : Environmental Engineering)

(Regulations 2013)
(Also common to PTCE 6303 – Mechanics of Fluids for B.E. (Part Time) –
Second Semester – Civil Engineering – Regulations–2014)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Assume suitable data of found necessary
Answer ALL questions.

PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 marks)

1. Define surface tension.

2. Compare gauge pressure and vacuum pressure.

3. What is a flownet?

4. What is venturimeter? Write the main parts of venturimeter.

5. Distinguish between hydraulic gradient and energy gradient.

6. What are the causes of major and minor losses in pipes?

7. Mention any two methods of preventing the separation of boundary layer.

8. Sketch the stationary body held in real fluid flowing at uniform velocity and
indicate the components of the force exerted by the flowing fluid on the
stationary body.

9. State Buckingham’s π -theorem.

10. Define Similitude.

 PART B — (5 × 13 = 65 marks)

11. (a) A Plate 0.05 mm distance from a fixed plate, moves at 600 mm/s and
requires a force of 3 N per unit area to maintain this speed. Determine
the fluid viscosity between the plates. Also find the specific gravity and
specific weight of the above fluid, if the kinematic viscosity of the fluid is
0.003 × 10–4m2/s. (13)
Or
(b) Find the density of a metallic body which floats at the interface of
mercury of specific gravity 13.6 and water such that 40 percentage of its
volume is submerged in mercury and 60 percentage in water. (13)
12. (a) The following cases represent the two velocity components, determine the
third component of velocity such that they satisfy the continuity equation
(i) u = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ; v = xy 2 − yz 2 + xy

(ii) v = 2 y 2 , w = 2xyz . (13)

Or
(b) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter
10 cm is used to measure the flow of water. The pressure at inlet is
17.658 N/cm2 and the vacuum pressure at the throat is 30 cm of mercury.
Find the discharge of water through venturimeter. Take Cd = 0.98. (13)
13. (a) A fluid of viscosity 0.7 Ns/m2 and specific gravity 1.3 is flowing through a
circular pipe of diameter 100 mm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe
wall is given as 196.2 N/m2. find (i) the pressure gradient (ii) the average
velocity and (iii) Reynolds number of the given laminar flow. (13)
Or
(b) The difference in water surface levels in two tanks, which are connected
by three pipes in series of lengths 300 m, 170 m and 210 m and of
diameters 300 mm, 200 mm and 400 mm respectively is 12 m. Determine
the rate of flow of water if co-efficient of frictions are 0.005, 0.0052 and
0.0048 respectively. Consider minor losses also. (13)

14. (a) Find the displacement thickness and the momentum thickness for the
velocity distribution in the boundary layer given by
2
u / U = 2( y / δ ) − ( y / δ ) . (13)

Or
(b) A thin plate is moving in still atmospheric air at a velocity of 5 m/s. The
length of the plate is 0.6 m and width is 0.5 m. Show that the boundary
layer is laminar over the plate. Also calculate the thickness of the
boundary layer at the end of the plate and the drag force on one side of
the plate, Take density of air as 1.24 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity as
0.15 × 10–4 m2/s. (13)

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15. (a) Using Buckingham’s π theorem, show that the velocity through a
D μ 
circular orifice is given by v = gHφ  ,  , where H is the head
 H ρ vH 
causing flow, D is the diameter of the orifice, μ is the coefficient of
viscosity, ρ is the mass density and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
(13)
Or
(b) The efficiency η of a fan depends on the density ρ , the dynamic viscosity
μ of the fluid, the angular velocity ω , diameter D of the rotor and the
discharge Q. Express η in terms of dimensionless parameters. Use
Rayleigh’s method. (13)

PART C — (1 × 15 = 15 marks)

16. (a) Determine the rate of flow of water through the pipe of 300 mm diameter
placed in an inclined position where a venturimeter is inserted having a
throat diameter of 150 mm. The difference of pressure between the main
and throat is measured by a liquid of specific gravity 0.7 in an inverted
U-tube manometer which gives a reading of 260 mm. The loss of head
between the main and throat is 0.3 times the kinetic head of the pipe.
(15)

Or
(b) The pressure drop in an aeroplane model of size ‘1/40’ of its prototype is
80 × 104 N/m2. The model is tested in water. Find the corresponding
pressure drop in the prototype. Take density of air as 1.24 kg/m3. The
viscosity of water is 0.01 poise and viscosity of air is 0.00018 poise. (15)

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