DHA SUFFA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT: FLUID MECHANICS-1 (ME-2302)
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
(Submission Deadline: 11th November, 2022)
Question No.1
a. The Stokes-Oseen formula for drag force 𝐹 on a sphere of diameter 𝐷 in a fluid stream of low
velocity 𝑉, density 𝜌, and viscosity 𝜇

9𝜋 2 2
𝐹 = 3𝜋𝜇𝐷𝑉 + 𝜌𝑉 𝐷
16

Is this formula dimensionally homogeneous?

b. Aeronautical engineers measure the pitching moment 𝑀0 of a wing and then write it in the
following form for use in other cases:
𝑀0 = 𝛽𝑉 2 𝐴𝐶 𝜌

where 𝑉 is the wing velocity, 𝐴 the wing area, 𝐶 the wing chord length, and 𝜌 the air density. What
are the dimensions of the coefficient 𝛽?

Question No.2
A 50𝑐𝑚 × 30𝑐𝑚 × 20𝑐𝑚 block weighing 150 𝑁 is to be
moved at a constant velocity of 0.8 𝑚/𝑠 on an inclined
surface (see Figure A1) with a friction coefficient of 0.27.
(a) Determine the force 𝐹 that needs to be applied in the
horizontal direction. (b) If a 0.4𝑚𝑚 thick oil film with a
dynamic viscosity of 0.012 𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑠 is applied between the
block and inclined surface, determine the percent reduction Figure A1
in the required force.

QuestionNo.3
An approximated velocity profile for a laminar boundary layer is given as
𝜋𝑦
𝑢(𝑦) ≈ 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2𝛿

where U is the stream velocity far from the wall and 𝛿 is the boundary layer thickness,
as shown in Figure A2. If the fluid is air (𝜇 = 1.79 × 10−5 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠) at 15°C and 1 atm,
and if 𝑈 = 20.0 𝑚/𝑠 and δ= 2 cm, use the formula to
(a) Estimate the wall shear stress 𝜏𝑤 in 𝑁/𝑚2, and
(b) Find the position in the boundary layer where 𝜏 is one-half of 𝜏𝑤
Figure A2
Question No. 4
A 12-in.-diameter circular plate is placed over a fixed
bottom plate with a 0.1-in. gap between the two plates
filled with glycerin as shown in Figure A3. Determine the
torque required to rotate the circular plate slowly at 2 rpm.
Assume that the velocity distribution in the gap is linear
and that the shear stress on the edge of the rotating plate is
negligible.
Figure A3

Question No. 5
Derive an expression for the capillary height change ℎ for a
fluid of surface tension 𝜎 and contact angle 𝜃 between two
vertical parallel plates a distance 𝑊 apart, as in shown in Figure
A4. What will ℎ be for water at 20℃ if 𝑊 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚? Take
surface tension for water at 20℃, 𝜎 = 7.28 × 10−2 𝑁/𝑚.

Figure A4

Question No. 6
A solid cylindrical needle of diameter 𝑑, length 𝐿, and density 𝜌 may float in liquid of surface tension 𝜎.
Neglect buoyancy and assume a contact angle of 0°. Derive a formula for the maximum diameter 𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥
able to float in the liquid. Calculate 𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 for a steel needle (𝑆𝐺 =7.84) in water at 20°C.

Question No. 7
a. A sound wave is observed to travel through a liquid with a speed of 1500 m/s. The specific gravity
of the liquid is 1.5. Determine the bulk modulus for this fluid.
b. In a test to determine the bulk modulus of a liquid it was found that as the absolute pressure was
changed from 15 to 3000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 the volume decreased from 10.240 to 10.138 𝑖𝑛3. Determine the
bulk modulus for this liquid.
c. A machine creates small 0.25 mm diameter water bubbles at 20°C (𝜎 = 0.0728𝑁/𝑚). Estimate
the pressure that exists inside the bubbles?