MAT 201

HOMEWORK 4

1. Loose tomatoes suffer from a 5.5 percent spoilage rate, while clamshell tomatoes have
only 4.4 percent spoilage rate. A grocer sells boxes with 20 loose tomatoes and boxes with
25 clamshell tomatoes.
An inspector picks randomly a loose tomato box and another with clamshells.
i) Which box is the more probable to have less than 2 spoilt tomatoes?

We use binomial distribution:

n
()
P ( X=k ) = n p ¿
k
k

For loose tomatoes,

P(X<2) = P(X=0) + P(X=1)
= ( )
0 ( )
20 0.0550 ¿ 20 0.0551 ¿
+
1
= 0.0001 + 0.0011
= 0.0012
For clamshell tomatoes:
P(X<2) = P(X=0) + P(X=1)
= ( )
2 5 0.0 440 ¿
0
+( )
2 5 0.0 441 ¿
1
= 0.0001 + 0.0011
= 0.0012
Both boxes have the same chances of having less than 2 spoilt tomatoes

ii) Which of the two samples has the largest expected value?
Formula:
E(X) = np
For loose tomatoes:
E(X) = 20 * 0.055 = 1.1

For clamshell tomatoes:

E(X) = 25 * 0.044 = 1.1
Both boxes have the same expected value i.e. 1.1

iii) Which of the two samples has the smallest standard deviation?
Formula:
√ np(1− p)
For loose tomatoes:
√ 20∗0.055(1−0.055)

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=1.47
For clamshell tomatoes:
√ 25∗0.0 44(1−0.0 44)
= 1.49
The loose tomatoes sample has the smallest standard deviation

2. Clampas Highway is being studied following reports that drivers are overspeeding far too
frequently. Temporary equipment is installed and repeated measures of the number of daily
infringements gave an average of 8.7. It is assumed that number of overspeeding instances
can be approximated by a Poisson random variable. Permanent speed cameras will be set
up if 7 or more cases happen daily with probability 0.8 or greater. Otherwise a speed bump
will be put into place only if the probability exceeds 0.2.
i. Work out the probabilities for number of overspeeding instances are greater than 5 but
less or equal to 10.
Formula:
−λ k
e .λ
k!

−8.7 6
e . 8.7
P(6 instances) = =
6!

−8.7 7
e . 8.7
P(7 instances) = =
7!

−8.7 8
e . 8.7
P(8 instances) = =
8!

−8.7 9
e . 8.7
P(9 instances) = =
9!

−8.7 10
e . 8.7
P(10 instances) = =
10 !

ii. Work out which option should be implemented.

3. The number of meteors falling through a particular sector of the sky at night were
counted over a one hour period for 100 times giving as many readings which are reproduced
as DATA1 in HW4.xlsx
Construct a frequency table, work out summary statistics, display a histogram and state
which distribution you consider suitable to fit to the data.

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Summary Statistics:
DATA1

Mean 3.15
Standard Error 0.165983448
Median 3
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 1.659834481
Sample Variance 2.755050505
Kurtosis -0.455583991
Skewness 0.378494645
Range 7
Minimum 0
Maximum 7
Sum 315
Count 100
Confidence Level(95.0%) 0.329347171

Frequency Table:
Bins Frequen
cy
1 15
2 25
3 22
4 16
5 12
6 7
7 3
8 0
More 0

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 Histogram
30
25
20
Frequency

15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 More
Bins

Frequency

4. A professional archer has had a training session with a target which is quite a long
distance away, and her performance was recorded. She had 10 arrows which she aimed to
hit the bullseye with. The number of hits out of 10 was registered for 100 times and are
presented as DATA2 in HW4.xlsx.
Present summary statistics and frequency table, display a histogram and decide which
distribution you consider suitable to fit to the data.
Summary Statistics:

DATA 2

Mean 3.76
Standard Error 0.155127839
Median 4
Mode 3
Standard Deviation 1.551278391
Sample Variance 2.406464646
Kurtosis 0.050518956
Skewness 0.411157797
Range 7
Minimum 1
Maximum 8
Sum 376
Count 100
Confidence Level(95.0%) 0.307807288

Frequency Table:

Bins Frequen
cy
1 6
2 15

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 3 25
4 24
5 18
6 7
7 3
8 2
More 0

Histogram

Histogram
30
Frequency

20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 More
Bins

Frequency

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