COVERAGE FOR LONG TEST NO.

Stimulant Drugs- are often referred to as Psycho stimulants or colloquially as uppers. It is an overarching term that covers many
drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body. It includes drugs that are pleasurable and
invigorating , or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.
Amphetamines- are psych stimulant drugs, which means they speed up the messages travelling between the brain and the body.
Prescribed to treat conditions such as ADHD and Narcolepsy, Parkinson’s Disease

ADHD- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Narcolepsy- a person has an uncontrollable urge to sleep.
Betel Nut- is a stimulant drug, which means it speeds up the messages travelling between the brain and the body. It came from
the seed of the fruit of the areca palm also known as areca nut.
Caffeine- is a natural stimulat most commonly found in tea, coffee and cacao plants, yerba mate, guarana berries. It can also be
made in the laboratory and is added to some soft drinks , foods, and medicines. It works by stimulating the brain and central
nervous system , helping you stay alert and prevent the onset of tiredness, by increasing the brain activity , alerness , attention
and energy.
Cocaine- an addictive drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as an illegal stimulant and sometimes medicinally as
a local anesthetic.
Ice- (Crystal Methamphetamine or Ice Drug) is a stimulant drug, which means it speeds up the messages travelling between the
brain and the body.
Khat- is a natural stimulant from the Catha Edulis Plant that is cultivated in the Republic of Yemen and most of the countries of
East Africa. Its young buds and tender leaves are chewed to attain a state of euphoroia and stimulation.
Nicotine- is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants and is widely used recreationally as stimulant and
anxiolytic.
Synthetic Cathinones- more commonly known as “bath salts”, are human –made stimulants chemically related to cathmone, a
substance found in the khat plant.
Narcotics – a drug that produces analgesia (pain relief), narcosis (state of stupor or sleep) and addiction (physical dependence on
the drug.
Known as “painkiller”. They also induce sleepiness. Narcotics are administered to patients with mental problems. They
are also given to cancer patients to relieve severe pain. It includes cocaine, heroin and marijuana
Hallucinogens- are a class of drugs that cause profound distortions in a person’s perceptions of reality, otherwise known as
hallucinations. Some of hallucinogens are found in naturally existing mushrooms or plants., other types are manmade in a
laboratory setting.

Psychedelic Drugs- works by allowing the brain to process everything in an individual’s environment, rather than filtering it out.
Drugs in this category are Peyote, Mescaline, Magic mushrooms, and LSD.
Dissociative Drugs- like PCP, ketamine, DXM and salvia deprive the user of their sensory perceptions and cause them to have
“Out of Body” type experiences.
Deliriants- such as nightshade and jimson weed create false perceptions and confusions to a person’s reality. The trademarks of
theses classes of drugs are the changes to a person’s perception they cause in their users.
Inhalants- are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors that can be inhaled to induce a psychoactive or mind atering
effect. It is common household, industrial and medical products that produce vapours, which some people inhale to make them
feel intoxicated or high.

Effects of Drug Use and Abuse

Below are some of the effects of drug use and abuse on the family, school and community

Family School Community

 Broken and unhappy family ties.
 Ignored duties and responsibilities
 Financial constraint due to drug
dependence and addiction.
 High cost of drug treatment and
 Poor Academic Performance
 Increased rate of absenteeism and
tardiness.
 Increased incidence of school fights
 Low academic rate
 High Incidence of crime which
includes stealing, robbery and
snatching of accidents.
 Affected economy due to low
manpower production
 rehabilitation,  Incidence of disrespect to school  Loss of government funds due to
 Family dishonor and embarrassment authorities. drug-related operations, treatment
 Separation of Family Members and rehabilitation.

COVERAGE FOR LONG TEST NO. 5

Syptoms of Drug Abuse

EUPHORIA- is the high sensation of feeling good and extremely relaxed. It isa sensation brought about by the chemical
reactions of the neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus drugs affect the brain process.

Continuous and Prolonged Drug Use- causes a very bad effect on a person. It can change his mental, physical ,
psychological and behavioural condition.

Drug Dependence- is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by significant impairment that is directly associated
with persistent and excessive use of psychoactive substance.

Drug Tolerance or Drug Insensitivity- the person’s reaction to a drug decreases as they continue to use it. Furthermore, a
tolerance to drugs decreases with non-use. It is a pharmacological concept describing subjects reduced reaction to a drug
following its repeated use. Increasing its dosage may re-amplify the drug’s effects.
Physical Tolerance- occurs at the cellular level. The body increases the rate at which the drug is broken
down (metabolized)
Behavioral Tolerance- is psychological or learned. A person can become used to a setting they use a drug
at and not feel the effects of the drug.

Myths and Misconceptions Facts about Drugs of Abuse

Drugs of abuse improve memory
Drugs of abuse help in the digestion of
food.
Drugs of abuse make a person bold and
brave.
Drugs of abuse remove life’s problems and
worries.
Drugs of abuse shut down proper brain functioning.
Certain drugs stimulate the brain but do not really help
improve memory. Most drug users claim they think better
and clearly after taking drugs but tests on performance
and cognition have proven that they have performed
worst.
Drugs of abuse do not improve memory.
Certain drugs of abuse stimulate the production of
stomach acids. Constant exposure to higher than normal
acid level damages stomach linings which can result to
ulcers.
Drugs of abuse do not help in the digestion of
food.
Certain drugs of abuse remove shyness and inhibition.
In psychology, normal inhibition prohibits a person to
do unacceptable things, thoughts, and desires. Normal
inhibition includes not taking other people’s things, not
crossing a busy street, and knowing what is right from
wrong. The temporary courage brought about by taking
drugs is a dangerous one as it makes a drug user lose
normal judgment which is part of the person’s normal
inhibition.
Drugs of abuse place a user in a dangerous and
life-threatening situation.
Drugs of abuse are not the solution to problems and
worries people encounter. Some people believe that using
drugs eliminate one’s problems and worries in life. The
truth is drugs of abuse will only worsen the scenario and
further add more problems, some of which are even

Drugs of abuse heat up the body.
harder to solve.
Drugs of abuse worsen life’s problems and
worries
Drug users believe that certain drugs cause the blood to
become warmer which makes the body temperature
rise. In cold countries, drugs are used to heat the body.
The truth about this is far from reality. Drugs dilate
blood vessels in the skin which makes the blood to
flow nearer to the skin which enhances convection of
heat from the body to the outside environment.
Convection transfer heat from inside the body to the
outside. Through convection of heat, body heat is lost
faster than normal.
Drugs of abuse do not heat up the body; instead,
they make the body lose heat faster than normal.

Profile of a Drug Abuser

The Dangerous Drugs Board listed the following signs and symptoms and Drug Abuse. It is important to note
that having a few of these signs does not immediately make a person a drug user. Observations of physical,
mental , emotional, and social behaviours must be carefully done to confirm if a person is a drug user.

Below are some of the signs and symptoms of drug use:

 Declining interest in studies and work.
 Identification with known drug Users
 Negative outlook in life.
 Uncontrolled Irritation
 Paranoia (fear that the people always stalk and talk about him/her)
 Severe feeling of depression and loneliness
 Complaints of over fatigue (Psychological or physiological)
 Frequent Involvement in petty fights and crimes
 Frequent changes of mood and extreme mood swings
 Lousy physical appearance
 Reddish Eyes
 Sudden Loss in Weight
 Frequent complaints of headache and stomach pains
 Convulsions
 Frequent attacks of cough and runny nose
 Brown stains on Finger tips
 Foul Body smell
 Wearing of sunglasses even at night.
 Loss of Balance
 Loss of interest in sports and hobbies.
 Poor judgment and loss of inhibition
 Loss of concentration

Prevention is the best way for people like you to avoid the use and abuse of drugs.

How to Prevent Substance Abuse

1. Effectively deal with peer pressure. The biggest reason teens start using illicit drugs is because their friends utilize peer
pressure
2. Deal with life pressure. People today are overworked and overwhelmed, and often feel like a good break or a reward is
deserved. But in the end, drugs only make life more stressful
 3. Seek help for mental illness. Mental illness and substance abuse often go hand-in-hand. Those with a mental health illness
may turn to drugs as a way to ease the pain.
4. Examine every risk factor. If you’re aware of the biological, environmental and physical risk factors you possess, you’re
more likely to overcome them. A history of substance abuse in the family.ng that glorifies drug abuse and/or family life that
models drug abuse can be risk factors.
5. Keep a well-balanced life. People take up drugs when something in their life is not working, or when they’re unhappy
about their lives or where their lives are going. Look at life’s big picture, and have priorities in order.

Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation

The Dangerous Drugs Board and the Department of Health offer treatment and rehabilitation programs to Filipinos
who become ill because of drug abuse. Drug dependents undergo effective modes of treatment. It is the
responsibility of the state to help and rehabilitate drug dependents so that they can once again achieve their
dreams and become responsible and productive members of society.

Requirements for Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation

1. Application for Drug Dependency Examination (DDE) through the City Anti-Drug Abuse Council
(CADAC) in your city or province.
2. Application for Police Clearance and Barangay Clearance where the drug dependent resides.
3. Application for Certificate of No Pending Case from the Regional Trial Court (RTC). If the drug dependent is
a minor and with a pending case, the parents or guardian must secure a Certification of Suspended
Sentence also from the RTS

Steps on Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation

1. Drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation -follows certain steps and procedures. Treatment and
rehabilitation can be voluntary, voluntary thru representations and compulsory confinement.
 “Voluntary” – means the drug dependent decides on his/ her own to be examined and admitted in rehabilitation
centers.
 Voluntary Thru Representations- means the drug dependent is willing but wants to be represented by an
immediate family member or legal guardian
 Compulsory Confinement- means the drug dependent needs to be confined as the conditions is life threatening or
threatens the life of the family.

Below are the steps securing drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation:
1. Secure referral form for Drug Dependency Exam (DDE) at CADAC Dangerous Board (DDB)
2. Have the drug dependent examined by DOH accredited doctor
3. If the Drug dependent is found positive, DDE must be submitted with the other documents to the legal
affairs Division of DDB.
4. Petition for Confinement- shall be filed with the RTC where the drug dependent lives.
5. Decision of Place of Confinement- the immediate family or legal guardian will decide where the drug dependent will be
confined.

Eclectic Approach
This uses a holistic approach in the treatment process and addresses different personality aspects of the patients
geared towards their rehabilitation and recovery from the dependency. The professional skills and rehabilitation
staff services are made available.
Spiritual Approach
This uses Bible teachings as a source of inspiration to change drug dependents and looks at drug abuse as a sin.
It renews their connection with God and teaches patients to turn away from the evil ways of drug addiction.
Therapeutic Community Approach
This views drug addiction as a manifestation of a more complex psychological problem and have a highly
 structured treatment program wherein it fosters change in attitude and behavior in the community. Role
modeling and peer pressure play important parts in the program. It also teaches personal responsibility,
positive self-image, the importance of the human community, and cooperation among community members.
Its goal is to turn patients into responsible citizens.
Hazelden-Minnesota Model
This views any form of addiction as a disease that it is an involuntary condition caused by various factors outside an
individual’s control. It also teaches a set of values and beliefs about the powerlessness of persons over drugs
and turning to a higher power to help them overcome the disease. The program consists of instructive lectures,
cognitive-behavioral psychology. The psychiatrists, psychologists, and patients help each other in this program.
Multidisciplinary Team Approach
This utilizes professional skills and services of a team composed of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers,
occupational therapists, and other related disciplines in cooperation with the immediate family of the drug
dependent.