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Reddy 1972
Reddy 1972
A. R. REDDV
where the norm is the uniform norm on I-1, I] and TT~denotes the set of all
polynomials with real coefficients of degree at most ~1.Bernstein [l, pmElS]
has shown that
i-2, E;/“(f) = 0 (1)
then the order p, lower order A, type 7 and lower type w off(z) are defined bq’
S. N. Bernstein [I, p. 1141 proved that there exist (finite) constants p > 0,
0 < r < co such that
lim sup nllPEiln(f) (3)
12-m
(5)
are finite and positive. Here we have used the familiar notation
1,x = log log **. log x (k = 1, 2, 3,...).
k times
Note that 1,x > 0 for all sufficiently large x. An entire function f(z) with
p(k - 1) = co and p(k) < co is called an entire function of index k. Note
that p(k) and X(k) generalize p and h of (2), which correspond to k = 1. If
p(k) is positive and finite, we can associate with it the functionals
T(k,f) = T(k) and w(k,f) = w(k), defined by
(6>
If pi is greater than one and finite, we can define the logarithmic type rz off
and the corresponding lower type q , by
The folIowing result is also due to S. M. Bernstein [Z, p. 77, theorem 591;
Let j(x) and g(x) be real-vaIued functions with continuous (it +- I)&
derivative on the interval [- 1, I] and let
Then
(12)
Entire ~~~l~f~~~s
of ~~r~e~t~~~
regular ~~~~t~l
It is known that an entire function is of perfectly regular growth (p, T),
0 < p < co, 0 < 7 < co, if and only if, given E > 0, there exists an n,,(e)
such that
Prouf. The result is known for the case k = 1 f4, p. 10461.The middle
inequality is known fork > 1 13,Lemmas 1 and 2A]. The extreme inequalities,
when k 3 2, follow as for the casek = 1, and hence we omit the proof.
n - Ifin lkn
h(k) = b+minf = lim inf
log I I/a, I n-m log I a,lan+l I ’
p(k) = & SUP log I’“u”,z I.
s la+1
POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION 101.
Proof. This lemma is known for when k = 1 [4! p. 10473. The proofT
when k > 2, proceeds as in the casek = 1, using [3, Lemmas 1) 2B
LEMMA 3. Let f (z) = CT=0 aKzBbe an entire jiinction o”f Zogmithmic orde!
p1 and logarithmic lower order h, . Then
LEMMA 4. Let f(zj = Cz=,, alizk be entire function of order p2 a.tzd Eower
order hE(l ,( A, < p1 < CD)such that j a,l/a,A+, j is nondecreasing for B 2 I:~ .
Theta
log H log I?
h, - 1 > iii? inf - = lim inf
log(l/rz log j l/a,, i> a+= log log 1an/a,z.cI ! ’
log n
pz - 1 = l&sup
log log I a,la,+l I .
ProoJ See [3, Lemmas 5,6B].
THEOREMS
Therefore,
Hence, if p < 1
b n . lk?Z
k hf log[E,(f)/E.Tz+I(f)] ’ !?? inf log[l/E,(f)] ’ x(k)
Proof. Assume that f (x) has an extension f (z) which is an entire function
of index k with lower order h(k). Then it is known [3, (1 I), (17)] that
where C’, C”, 7 are constants and B(a) is the maximum of 1f (z)[ on E,
(0 > l), the closed interior of the ellipse with foci f 1, major semiaxis
(u” + l/20) and minor semiaxis (D2 - l/20). It is also known [3, (IS)] that
(17)
POLYNOMIAL APPROXIM.IITION 103
for any k > 1,j > 1. Now, appIying Lemma 1 to H(a) of [3, (16)], we have
the required result.
log 11 log n
!?2 inf log log[E,(f)/E,,,(f )J G !!! inf fog(l/r? log[l/&(f)])
<A,-- Gpz-1
log n
G i!-% sup Iog log[En(f)/Efi,+I(f)] *
Proof. We have from (17)
(20)
lim ___
log n,+l 1 17
p-tm log n, J
the equalities
II, log n, II, log 12,
(21)
2 log j l/a,v j = p = fE log(l/Enp) *
log En,
< 1 + E’, for p > max(p, , ~3.
’ - ” .’ log / anp 1
Hence,
log En,
lim 1.
P+Wlog 1anp I =
POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION jej
It is also known [6, p. 441 that there exists a sequence (n,jF of positive
integers, IQ,-b 00, such that
and
BY (281, we have
In other words, for functions f whose type is less than twice their lower type,
limn+mVW>/1 a, I> = 0.
THEOREM 11. Let f(z) = Cz=‘=,apzk and g(z) = Cz=‘=,bkzk be two entire
functions of the same positive order and of regular growth. There exists a
sequence of positive integers {n,}:, n, + co, such that
(32)
Proof. From [3, Theorems 1,2a, 2b], [6, p. 441, and the existence of a
sequenceof positive integers (n,> such that n, -+ co and
lim log
----Z "g+l 1
D+m log n, '
we infer
II, log n,
__ - n, log n,
2-z log[ l/&,(f)] p = b? log[l/E,P(g)] *
THEOREM 12. Let f(z) = c,“=, akzk and g(z) = c& bkzk be two entire
functions of perfectly regular growth (p, 7). Then there exists a sequence of
positive integers {n,},” (n, --t 03) such that
(33)
and
$e7z+2 +2n1+2
< Elm+1 ‘cos 9 < 25nL+5(2nz+ 2)! -
2Gm+5(2m + 2)! i 1
lp& (gg”” = 1.
POLYNOMIdL APPROXIMATION io”j
THEOREM13. Let f(z) = CT=, af,zk, g(z) = xz==, b,z” be two entire
jiimtions of index k, orders pf(k), p,(k) and lower orders X,(k), Z.,(ki.
[f E;,(f)/E,,+,(J) and E,,(g),lE,,,(g) are nondecreasing for ,v >, q, : then
(34)
i37’)
For k > 2,
(32
This result is sharper than the one obtained by Bernstein [2, Theorem 591.
and (39)
and
(40)
(39) follows from (40) by some manipulations which we omit. The rest
follows similarly.
POLYNOMIAL APPROXlMATION Iii
and
REFERENCES
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