Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9. Which model of policing was proposed by some as best reflecting a broad definition of
policing as involving public service, rather than mere crime fighting? (p. 19)
a. the “emergency operator”
b. the “social peacekeeper”*
c. the “snappy bureaucrat”
d. the “social enforcer”
10. Manning (2007) defines as officers who make up the bulk of law
enforcement. (p. 20)
a. Patrol officers*
b. Middle managers
c. Higher administrators
d. Detectives and investigators
11. Manning (2007) defines as officers who rise through the ranks through
seniority and examinations and supervise and handle paperwork. (p. 20)
a. Patrol officers
b. Middle managers*
c. Higher administrators
d. Detectives and investigators
12. Manning (2007) defines as officers who enjoy higher status than patrol
officers and are “information processors.” (p. 20)
a. Patrol officers
b. Middle managers
c. Higher administrators
d. Detectives and investigators*
13. In addition to the formal rules and regulations of the job, police behavior is also heavily
influenced by police: (p. 20)
a. demeanor.
b. mystique.
c. culture.*
d. mythology.
17. Which of the following is not typically seen as a component or value of police culture?
(pp. 21-22)
a. cynicism
b. emphasis on force
c. viewing themselves as victims
d. optimism about human nature*
18. Which of Scheingold’s (1994) dominant characteristics views that officers view all
citizens with suspicion? (p. 21)
a. The new warriors
b. Cynicism*
c. Force
d. The police are victims
19. The view that police are misunderstood and recipients of low wages was defined by
Scheingold (1994) as: (p. 22)
a. The new warriors
b. Cynicism
c. Force
d. The police are victims*
20. Some scholars of policing have suggested that police culture has changed with the advent
of: (p. 22)
a. community policing
b. a greater focus on service to the public
c. enhancement of communication and interpersonal skills
d. all of these*
21. Police work involves a lot of flexibility and options. The formal term for this is: (p. 24)
a. discretion.*
b. compulsion.
c. mandates.
d. directionality.
22. Which of the following is not one of the ways that the use of police discretion is
regulated? (p. 25)
a. judicial rule-making
b. legislative regulation
c. internal codes and regulations
d. police promotions*
23. Many argue that if police are permitted wide discretion, a high level of should
match it. (p. 25)
a. Professionalism
b. Accountability*
c. Subjectiveness
d. Ethics
24. The first American police code of ethics was not formulated until: (p. 25)
a. 1829.
b. 1866.
c. 1903.
d. 1928.*
27. According to Felknes (1984), in one study, more than what percent of officers surveyed
responded that they depended mostly on their own personal ethics rather than law
enforcement ethics to guide them in their professional activities? (p. 26)
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 65%
d. 75%*
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the canoes were yelling and screaming loudly enough and
brandishing their spears with as threatening an aspect as they could
make, seemingly with the intention of cowing us. They approached
within twenty yards, when the captain ordered the guns at the bow to
be pointed fair for the batch of canoes ahead, while he arranged for
those approaching the stern. ‘Are you ready, men, fore and aft?’ ‘Ay,
ay, sir.’ ‘Let go, then.’ The two carronades discharged their fatal
showers of grape, and before the smoke had rightly cleared away
they were loaded and again fired amongst the savages. ‘Load again,
my lads,’ said the captain. There was scarcely any wind, and the
smoke which hung low on the water was a few minutes in clearing
away. The screaming of the wounded people was appalling; some
canoes were sunk or capsized and numbers of natives were
swimming towards the shore. Nevertheless, there were many of
them yet that kept their ground and had the reckless daring to make
another bold push for the vessel’s side. ‘Fire,’ said the captain again,
and another volley of grape flew amongst them. This discharge had
not the great effect of the former ones, as the canoes were closer
and the contents of the guns had not distance enough to scatter. The
savages seemed to comprehend this, and in another moment were
clinging to the schooner’s sides endeavouring to board; but the rapid
use of muskets and pistols ultimately drove them away in an
indescribable confusion, with, I am sorry to say, considerable loss.
“The whole affair was caused by the natural treachery of the
natives. The part we played was unavoidable; in fact, our lives were
at stake, and there was only one unnecessary shot fired after the
final retreat of the natives. The men who had charge of the bow gun
loaded it again unperceived by the captain, and before they could be
stopped fired it after the savages who were making for the shore.
This parting shot was, as they said, to revenge Tom Staples, the
seaman who was speared. There was no one on board the schooner
hurt during the affray but the carpenter, whose arm was broken by
the blow of a heavy club wielded by a huge savage who was
endeavouring to board.”
To repeat Mr. Coulter’s words, “The whole affair was caused by
the natural treachery of the natives.” As the gentleman was on the
spot he of course should know all about it. Still one cannot help
suspecting that the captain’s “impatience” had not a little to do with
the carnage which ensued. It would be interesting to be informed
what were the orders of the impatient captain to the boat’s crew sent
ashore to hurry the unwilling natives. Why were they unwilling? Was
the firewood piled on the beach already paid for, or did that “really
humane man,” the American captain, expect the oft-deluded
barbarians to trust to his honour for payment when the cargo was
fairly aboard. The first boatful was allowed to depart—the second—
then came the third and last. “Where’s the price?” “Price be hanged,
you precious lot of niggers! guess the only price you’ll get for this yer
freight will be pitched at you from our big guns. Hands off the boat
there, and let us shove her off!” This of course is a fancy picture; but
there is a possibility that it is not very wide of the mark. If so, the
niggers who, after they had seen their comrades mangled and torn
by the murderous grape “made another bold push for the ship’s
side,” showed themselves brave men, and compels us to reflect with
abhorence on the firers of that “one unnecessary shot.”
CHAPTER XXIII.
After the battle was over the priest called those who survived, and
enquired of each if he had killed anyone, or taken any prisoners. All
who had been in battle before delivered up their weapons to him,
who deposited them in the house where they were kept. Those who
had fought for the first time were called and asked if they had killed
anyone. If the person addressed replied in the affirmative, the priest
demanded his mere—stone battle-axe—and broke it into pieces.
This was the invariable custom with young warriors when they had
imbued their hands in the blood of their enemies. The priest having
afterwards assembled them together, used the following words,
which were called the Haha:
“This is the wind, the wind is feeding;
The wind descends,
The wind is prosperous,
The many sacred things of Tu.
The wind descends,
The wind is prosperous,
The living wind of Tu.”