EXCEL EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION:DETAILED

ENGINEERING DESIGN OF 2 X 20,000 BARRELS CRUDE

STORAGE TANK

Doc Title: GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTS

CODEFIDELITY TECHNICAL
SOLUTIONS

Doc. No.: Rev No.

CFTS-EXEP-INS-SPE-00000-01 R01 Page 1 of 34

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTS

R01 06/09/2023 Issued for Review C.O K.O T.O

REV DATE DESCRIPTION PREP’D BY CHK’D BY APPROVAL

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 NIGERIAN NATIONAL STANDARDS (LEGISLATIVE/REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS) .................................................... 5
1.5 AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API) ............................................................................................................... 5
1.6 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE (ANSI) ............................................................................................. 6
1.7 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING & MATERIALS (ASTM) ..................................................................................... 7
1.8 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS (ASME) ..................................................................................... 7
1.9 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS (NACE) ................................................................................ 7
1.10 ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.11 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 9

2 UNITS ................................................................................................................................................................... 10

2.1 SITE CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 11

3.0 INSTRUMENTATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 12
3.1 INSTRUMENT CONCEPT............................................................................................................................................... 12

4 FIELD TRANSMITTERS ...................................................................................................................................... 13

5. TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 13

5.1 THERMOWELLS ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
5.2 TEMPERATURE GAUGES............................................................................................................................................... 14
5.3 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER ....................................................................................................................................... 15

6 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS.................................................................................................................................. 16

6.1 PRESSURE GAUGES .................................................................................................................................................... 16

6.2 PRESSURE CONTROLLER ............................................................................................................................................. 16

7 LEVEL INSTRUMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 17

7.1 LEVEL GAUGES .......................................................................................................................................................... 17

7.2 LEVEL CONTROLLER .................................................................................................................................................. 17
7.3 DISPLACEMENT TYPE ................................................................................................................................................ 17
7.4 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TYPE ............................................................................................................................... 18
7.5 LIQUID LEVEL SWITCHES ........................................................................................................................................ 18
7.6 SPECIAL LEVEL MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 18
7.7 LOCAL LEVEL INDICATORS: .................................................................................................................................... 19

8 FLOW INSTRUMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 20

8.1 ORIFICE PLATES ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

8.2 OTHER FLOW INSTRUMENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 21

9 CONTROL VALVES AND ACCESSORIES ........................................................................................................... 22

9.1 CONTROL VALVES ...................................................................................................................................................... 22

9.2 ACTUATORS ................................................................................................................................................................ 24
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9.3 SELF REGULATING CONTROL VALVES ....................................................................................................................... 24

10 ON/OFF SERVICE VALVES ........................................................................................................................... 25

10.1 ACTUATED VALVES FOR ON/OFF SERVICES ....................................................................................................... 25

10.2 SOLENOID VALVES ................................................................................................................................................ 26
10.3 ACTUATORS ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
10.4 FIRE SAFE DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................. 27

11 SAFETY DEVICES ........................................................................................................................................... 28

11.1 RELIEF VALVES .................................................................................................................................................... 28

11.2 ACOUSTICAL INSULATION FOR RELIEF VALVES ................................................................................................. 30
11.3 RUPTURE DISC...................................................................................................................................................... 30

12 INSTALLATION MATERIALS ......................................................................................................................... 31

12.1 INSTRUMENT PROCESS CONNECTIONS ................................................................................................................... 31

12.2 INSTRUMENT PROCESS CONNECTION BY ISOLATING VALVES, TUBING AND INSTRUMENT MANIFOLD BLOCK ..31
12.3 INSTRUMENT PROCESS CONNECTION BY DIAPHRAGM SEAL + CAPILLARY AND FLUSHING RINGS....................33
12.4 INSTRUMENT AIR PIPING .................................................................................................................................... 33

13 INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS SUPPLIED WITH PACKAGES .................................................................... 34

14 INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 34

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General
Designated within the realm of the Federal Government of Nigeria
initiative and in alignment with the regulations set forth by the
petroleum (Amendment) Decree No. 23 of 1996, the Eremor field
emerges as one among the collection of twenty-four marginal fields
entrusted to indigenous companies engaged in oil exploration and
production. Excel Exploration and Production, a Nigerian Company
operating within the upstream domain of the oil and gas industry,
was granted ownership of this field. Nestled in the onshore swamp
expanse of Bayelsa state, specifically within Shell's OML 46 at
the South Forcados region, the Eremor field occupies a pivotal
position. It is positioned 4 kilometres to the north of the
Tunu/Kanbo field and approximately 70 kilometres to the south of
Warri. Encompassing a span of roughly 64.7 square kilometres, this
field remains a noteworthy presence in the area. Excel E&P Facility
is located at Eremor, near Ekeremor community in Ekeremor Local
Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Excel Exploration and Production Company Limited, the Client, seek

increase crude oil storage capability within the Eremor Facility.
Consequently 2 x 20,000 Barrels Crude Oil Storage tank is to be
built within the Eremor Facility.

CodeFidelity Technical Solutions has been contracted to carry out

the required detailed engineering design for the tanks.
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1.2 Purpose of Document

The purpose of this document is to outline General Specification
For Instruments that serves as a basis, guiding the engineering of
the 2 x 20,000 barrels storage tanks.

1.3 Order of Precedence

The following order of precedence shall be applied:

1. Nigerian National Standards (Legislative/Regulatory

requirements)

2. Chorus Energy Limited Specifications

3. International Standards

1.4 Nigerian National Standards (Legislative/Regulatory Requirements)

The Mineral Oils (Safety) Regulations of the Federal Republic of
Nigeria.

The Oil Pipelines Act (1990) Supplement to the Nigerian Oil and
Gas Pipelines Regulations (1995).

1.5 American Petroleum Institute (API)

API 5L Specification for Line Pipe

API 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves

API 12J Specification Oil & Gas Separators

API 14E Recommended practice for Design & Installation of

Offshore Production Platform piping systems.

API 14C Recommended practice for Analysis, Design,

Installation and Testing of Basic Surface Safety
system for Offshore Production Platforms.

API 520 Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure

Relieving Devices in Refineries

API 526 Flanged Steel Safety Relieving Valves.

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API 521 Guide for Pressure Relieving and Depressurization

Systems.

API 598 Valve Inspection and Testing

API 599 Metal Plug Valves—Flanged, Threaded and Welding

Ends

API 600 Steel Gate Valves - Flanged and Butt-welding

Ends, Bolted Bonnets.

API 602 Gate, Globe, and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100
(NPS 4) and Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural
Gas Industries.

API 607 Fire Test for Quarter-turn Valves and Valves

Equipped with Nonmetallic Seats.

API 609 Butterfly Valves: Double-flanged, Lug- and Wafer-

type.

API 650 Welded Tanks for Oil Storage

AP1 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage

Tanks

1.6 American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

ANSI B 16.5 Specification for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged
Fittings

ANSI B 16.9 Steel Butt Weld Fittings

ANSI B 16.25 Butt Welding Ends

ANSI B 31.3 Chemical Plants and Petroleum Refinery Piping

ANSI B 31.4 Pipeline Transmission Systems for Liquid

Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
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1.7 American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)

ASTM A105 Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components

ASTM A106 Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel

Pipe for High-Temperature Service

ASTM A333 Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components

ASTM A 193 Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel

1.8 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME VIII Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

ASME SEC IX Welding Procedure and performance qualification

1.9 National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)

MR-01-75 Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic
Material for Oil Field Equipment
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1.10 Abbreviations
The Acronyms and abbreviations used within this document are
listed below:

Abbreviation Description

C & E Cause & Effect

ESD/ESDV Emergency Shutdown/ Emergency Shutdown

Valve

ft Feet/foot

F & G Fire & Gas

GA General Arrangement

I/O Input & Output

KBPD Thousand Barrel per day

MMSCFD Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day

MTO Material Take Off

PFD Process Flow Diagram

P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

PSIG Gauge Pressure in pound per square inch

ROW Right of Way

XCP Independent control panel

SDV Shutdown Valve

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1.11 Reference Documents

S/N Document Number Title

1. CFTS-EXEP-PRO-RPT-00000-01 SITE VSIST REPORT
2. CFTS-EXEP-PRO-RPT-00000-02 DESIGN BASIS
3. CFTS-EXEP-INS-PHI-00000-02 CONTROL & SAFEGUARDING PHILOSOPHY
4. CFTS-EXEP-PRO-DTL-00000-08 PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS (P&IDS)
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2 UNITS

The units shown below (Customary/Imperial units in general) shall

be used as the main design units and all values quoted shall be in
these units. For clarity, alternative unit values are indicated in
the brackets only, after the design unit, when it is believed
desirable. The size of the unit shall be appropriate to the value
being measured.

Table 2-1: Units of Measurement

Description Unit

Nominal pipe diameters Inches (mm)

wall thickness Inches (mm)

Length ft (mm or m or km)

Area ft²(m2)

Liquid Volume ft³(m3)

Volumetric Oil Flow Rate MBPD

Standard Gas Volumetric MMSCFD (m3)

Flow Rate

Velocity ft/s (m/s)

Density lb/ft³(Kg/m3)

Pressure Psig (Barg)

Valve Size Inches (mm)

Viscosity cP
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2.1 Site Conditions

Site conditions are assumed as shown below:

 Ambient Temperature Range 20 - 39°C

 Wind Velocity 0-80 mph

 Relative Humidity - Maximum 100%

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3.0 INSTRUMENTATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Instrument Concept
Instruments shall be Pneumatic type, in general and as far as available
on the market. Final control elements shall be mainly pneumatically
actuated control valves. According to P&ID indication.

Instrument construction materials shall be in accordance to the material

selection guide lines that are provided in the present specification.

In all those cases where suitable construction materials are not

feasible or available, the use of diaphragm seal shall be considered to
separate process fluids from instrument internal parts.

Diaphragm seal instruments size 3” with capillary shall be used for

congealing/viscous/dirty services, where plugging of element may occur
or when material suitable to highly corrosive services is not available.
In those case the flange material shall be in accordance with the piping
class. Spacer ring shall be provided together with vent and drain
connections, for cleaning purposes. Seal fluid shall be suitable for
the operating temperature of the process fluid.

Shutdown System shall be independent from the other control systems,

with its own dedicated primary elements and instruments, except for
flow, in which case a common flow element (orifice flange, venturi,
etc...) shall be foreseen but with separated transmitters.

All instruments shall be provided with nameplates indicating the tag

number and the service description for the instrument.
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4 FIELD TRANSMITTERS

Field transmitters shall have a 3-15 psi output signal (connected to

pneumatic control panel)

Field transmitters for flow, pressure, differential pressure and level

applications shall be yoke mounted.

Transmitters housing material shall preferably be aluminum, but

suitable in any case for the environmental conditions with enclosure
Ex-d type and IP-66 according to IEC-60529 considering Bonny Island as
Marine Environments.

Linearization, where required, shall be performed inside field

transmitter.

Transmitters shall be provided with external zero adjustment.

Transmitters accuracy shall be ±0.075% of span. The accuracy shall

include the combined effect of linearity, hysteresis and repeatability.

Each pneumatic instrument shall have an air filter regulator with a

supply gauge and a blind pneumatic transmitter shall be furnished with
a local indicator.

5. TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
5.1 Thermowells
All temperature elements shall be provided complete with thermowell
fabricated from bar stock in AISI 316 SS as minimum (or as per Piping
Specification) and thermowell flange material shall be in accordance
with thermowell material.

Thermowell installed in pipes with liquid velocity greater than 6m/s

(20 ft/s) and with gas velocity greater than 10 m/s (30 ft/s) shall be
designed in accordance with ASME PTC 19.3 TW- 2010 to prevent fatigue
failure due to vortex induced vibration.

Thermowell immersion length following:

Line Size (NPS) Immersion on the pipe length

Up to 4” 230 mm (to be confirmed in
EPC)
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6” and Above 255 mm (to be confirmed in

EPC)

Lengths indicated in the table above are based on a pipe nozzle length
of 150 mm (distance from nozzle flange face and pipe) inner wall and
confirmed on Piping Assembly on insulating and cryogenic lines. In
special applications where thermowell nozzle lengths are longer or where
the process fluid temperature needs to be measured at a specific
location or position, the immersion length could be different from the
table above and it shall be specifically indicated in the individual
specification of the thermo-element.

Thermowell in low pressure and utilities services can be with threaded

process connections with size:

a) NPS 1 ANSI B1 20.1 NPT in process lines

b) NPS 1 ¼ ANSI B1 20.1 NPT in L.P. Steam Services

c) NPS 1 ½ ANSI B1 20.1 NPT in furnaces

Pipe lines smaller than 4” shall be increased to the size of 4” to

permit the installation of the thermowell. Size of 3” is allowed in
case of installation on a pipe elbow.

5.2 Temperature Gauges

Temperature gauges shall be bimetallic type as basic selection.

The dial outside diameter shall preferably be 100mm with white color as
background, non-rusting plastic with black figures. Dial shall be every-
angle adjustable type.

The bulb size shall be selected to suit the thermowell.

Generally, bottom type connection shall be with a ½” NPT (M) suitable

for the thermowell flange ½” NPT (F).

Where Bimetallic types are not suitable (indicatively for temperatures

above 500°C), gas or liquid capillary instruments or direct filled
systems shall be used. Mercury filled system are not accepted.

Bimetallic temperature gauges direct installed type shall be avoided on

high / excessive vibrations services such as compressor lines. In those
cases, filled type gauges with armored capillary (protected with PVC
external covered) extension shall be used.
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In case of high distance between measurement point and temperature gauge

position gas or liquid capillary instruments may be used.

Mercury filled systems are not acceptable.

Temperature gauges shall have an accuracy of ±1% of upper scale value.

5.3 Temperature Controller

Temperature transmitters shall always be used to interface the thermos

elements with control and shut down systems.

Temperature transmitters can either be head mounted or remote mounted

based on process condition (e.g. for cryogenic service), presence of
vibration, possible installation constrain, etc…

Temperature transmitters shall have a built-in linearizing function to

produce an output linear to temperature range.

Other required characteristics shall be same as those covered under

field transmitters
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6 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS
6.1 Pressure Gauges

Pressure gauges shall be bourdon type as general choice. Bellows and

diaphragm type can also be also used, according the requirements of the
measurement.

Pressure gauges’ cases shall be in AISI 316 SS as minimum and

weatherproof IP 65 as per IEC-60529.

The dial outside diameter shall preferably be 100mm with white color as
background, non-rusting plastic with black figures. Dial shall be every-
angle adjustable type. Pointers shall have external micrometer for gauge
zero adjustment.

All pressure gauges shall be with “solid front” cases (shatterproof and
anti-scratch glass) and be provided with blow-out discs (which can
secure protection up to 1.3 of maximum scale reading).

Pressure gauges shall have a minimum accuracy of ±1% of range meanwhile

for differential pressure gauges an accuracy of ±2% of range is
considered acceptable.

Pulsation dampeners shall be used whenever high level pulsations are

expected. Dampeners shall be floating pin type, externally mounted and
externally adjustable.

Over range protection device and pulsation dampener, whenever used,

shall be in AISI 316 SS as minimum.

6.2 Pressure Controller

Required characteristics shall be follows:

Pressure instruments measuring elements may be bourdon tube, spiral,

bellows or diaphragm type, depending upon the severity of the process
service.

Pressure transmitters shall be force balance, differential capacitance,

strain gauge or resonant wire type

Pressure and differential pressure instruments other than pressure

gauges and pressure switches shall have elements and/or wetted parts of
316 stainless steel unless the service requires a pressure material.
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7 LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
7.1 Level Gauges

Level gauges shall preferably be magnetic types.

All level gauges shall have side-side chamber connections for magnetic
types and top-bottom chamber connections for reflex and transparent,
unless otherwise specified.

On low temperature services, with liquids having very high vapor

pressure at ambient temperature, safety valve shall be provided at the
vent connection of the level indicator.

Drain and Vent connections shall be 1” FLGD with rating as per piping
classes.

Magnetic type is mandatory in case of very viscous liquids, liquids

with crystals, sour services, vessels with rating above ANSI 600 and
toxic services.

Magnetic type Centre to Centre length shall be 2500 mm maximum. Multiple

gauges with overlapping range shall be used for such cases.

Glass level gauge shall be avoided.

7.2 Level Controller

The following standard technologies are acceptable:

7.3 Displacement Type

External displacer-type (torque tube type) transmitters will

generally be used for level ranges lower
than or equal to 1219 mm (48”). Adequate valves will be provided for
maintenance purposes.
The following standard ranges will be used:

• 356, 813, 1219, 1524, 1829, 2134: mm

• 14, 32, 48, 60, 72, 84: inch
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7.4 Differential Pressure Type

In general, differential pressure transmitters will be used to measure

liquid level where the range of

level to be measured is greater than 2000 mm and where this type of

instrument is preferred to a displacer type like steam drum level.

Transmitter measuring principles will be in accordance with the selected

manufacturer’s standards,and preferably same as those differential
pressure transmitters used for flow measurement.

External differential pressure instruments shall be installed lower

than the lowest vessel connection and higher than the highest vessel
connection depending on the process fluid or selected purge method.

The transmitters will be of the “Pneumatic” type with accuracy better

than 0.2%. The sensing element material will be AISI 316 minimum.

7.5 Liquid Level Switches

Depending on the process requirements, level switches shall be of the

float type, tuning fork, or capacitive sensor type. Switches without
mechanical contacts are preferred.

7.6 Special Level Measurements

Capacitive level transmitters may be used as an alternative for fluids

of high viscosity and for bulk

materials.Ultrasonic or radar methods will be used for tank gauging if

physical condition of the process fluid allows this.

Radioactive level measurements will be used in the polymerization

reactors only, as in this case it is the only possible method of
measurement installed stress free.
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7.7 Local Level Indicators:

Local level indicators with all metric construction and magnetic
coupling of follower magnet are generally preferred.

The instruments will have vents and drains according to manufacturer's

standard. In justified

exceptional cases and as explicit shown on the PID, permanently attached

valves and fluid

discharge lines will be used and installed in accordance with the piping
specification.

Local tank level gauges with a large measuring range will consist of
level transmitters with local

indicators.
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8 FLOW INSTRUMENTS
8.1 Orifice Plates

Flow of fluid shall generally be measured using:

thin square-edge concentric orifice plates mounted between a pair of

welding-neck flanges of a minimum rating of ANSI 300 for NPS 2" line
sizes and above (while for sizes smaller than NPS 2”, meter run shall
be selected);

- Differential pressure type primary sensors of advanced capacitance

type with digital information processing

Venturi tubes can be considered in spite of orifice plates in case of

very low pressure drops applications.

Orifice plates shall not be used in case rangeability exceed 1:5

Minimum Flange rating shall be ANSI #600 with pipe size up to 3”.

Minimum Flange rating shall be ANSI #300 with pipe size greater than
3”.

Quadrant edge or quarter circle orifice plates shall be used when lower
Reynolds number does not permit the use of squared edge orifices. These
type of devices shall be fabricated in accordance to ISO 5167.

Orifice plates shall be complete of vent and drain holes.

Sizing of orifice plate shall be calculated in accordance to ISO-5167.

Orifice meter differential ranges shall be selected among the following

ranges (in order of preference): 2500, 5000, 1250, 500 mm of H2O.

Upstream and downstream pipe straight length shall be provided according

to ISO-5167.

The ratio of orifice bore to inside pipe diameter (d/D) shall be between
the limits 0,2 to 0,7.

At least one pair of tapping shall be provided for each flange. Where
more than one transmitter is used, separate pair of tapings shall be
provided for each orifice flange for installation of each instrument
separately.

Orifice Meter based on Meter Run assembly shall be applied only for
Line Size from DN 15 mm up to DN 40 mm.
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8.2 Other Flow Instruments

Other types of flow instruments will be selected depending upon:

- the fluid characteristics

- rangeability required exceeding 1:5

- greater accuracy requirement which cannot be obtainable with orifice

metering

- any installation constrain which may affect the size of the interested
module (which in turn may affect transportability through is container)

- general suitability

These include Variable area flowmeter, Vortex

Constrain in their use is present if no consistent pressure drop (about

1 bar) is allowable or if high vibration can occur on the pipe.

- Variable area flow meters shall be as per API RP 551 and can be
considered on utilities services. In case they are used on process
services, variable area flowmeter’s body shall be of metal tube type.
External devices for indicating or transmitting shall be magnetically
coupled to the float.

- Ultrasonic flowmeter can be considered where non-intrusive flow

measuring is required.

- Annubars / Pitot tubes can be considered for clean fluid, low pressure
loss, high velocity stream, large diameter lines but they shall be
installed on 2" size nozzle as minimum (in case of use, Annubars / Pitot
tubes shall be provided with end support whenever required for very
large pipe diameters and retraction arrangement with ball valves shall
be provided for each installation).

Upstream and downstream pipe straight length for all the above
technologies shall be as VENDOR standard.
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9 CONTROL VALVES AND ACCESSORIES

9.1 Control Valves

As first choice, control valves shall be globe type and single seated.
Other type of valves (ball, butterfly, etc…) shall be selected
accordingly to relevant dynamic process service requirements.

Control valve calculation, sizing and design shall be carried out as

per ISA RP75-01.01.

As general criteria, control valves shall be sized so that the valve

opening is as noted below:

At maximum flow Max 85% open

At minimum flow Min 10% open

The minimum/maximum opening can be exceeded based on particular special

design requirements.

If requested on P&ID or on Process Data Sheets, control valves shall be

provided with hand wheel mounted in a suitable way for operating and
maintenance purpose. The hand wheel shall be ergonomically designed and
sized, so that the numbers of turns required to open or close the valve
is minimum.

Control valves shall have flanged connections unless otherwise

specified in the valve data sheets. Body and flanges material shall be
as per piping specifications. Body and flanges rating shall be as well
as per piping specifications but considering a minimum rating ANSI 600
if sizes are smaller or equal than 1 ½”.

Minimum control valve body size shall be 1". Reduced trim is acceptable.
Body size shall be limited to 1", 1-1/2", 2", 3", 4", 6", 8", 10", 12",
14” and 16". Greater sizes may be used wherever necessary but
considering alternative design available on the market.

Trim characteristics shall be mainly equal percentage or linear,

depending on the dynamic process conditions and, in turn, by the
selection of trim design (contoured, cage, labyrinth etc.). Anti-
cavitation trim shall be selected wherever cavitation is expected in
the valve.

Control valve plugs shall be top guided.

Control valve noise generated during the operation shall be in line

with the levels specified on Project Acoustic Mitigation:
 Rev No. Page 23 of
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• A limit of 80 dB(A) at one meter shall be considered.

• If control valves are identified which exceed 80 dB(A) the items
shall be treated individually.
• Control valves that also have an emergency blow down function shall
be limited to 80 dB(A) SPL.
• The only specified exception is for fast acting “Hot Gas Bypass”
valves on compressors (which are normally closed and only open on
a compressor trip). For these valves the absolute noise limit of
115 dB(A) can be considered.
• Noise reduction shall be preferably reduced by use of special trims
such as anti-noise trim design.
Valve seat leakage shall be as per IEC 60534-4. Valve seat leakage
classes shall be generally selected according to the following criteria
(but always in accordance to the process requirements):

- Control valves for generic services and purposes: Class IV

- Control valves with metal to metal seat: Class V

- Control valves for critical services (ex: depressurization circuit,

flare circuit etc...) with soft seat: Class VI

Flanged bolted type gland packing boxes shall be used. Packing shall be
normally PTFE on liquid and gas services up to 200°C. Graphite packing
shall be used for steam service and temperature above 200°C. Alternative
suitable materials are also acceptable and they shall be evaluated case
by case.

Bellows seal shall be used where it is required to isolate the packing

from the process fluid or where no leakage to atmosphere can be
tolerated.

Trim Material shall be minimum AISI 316 SS, with guide bushing of
hardened stainless steel like AISI 440C or 17-4 PH (AISI 630), up to a
pressure drop of 10 kg/cm². For higher pressure drops, erosive and
slurry services, steam services and flashing services, hard-surfacing
of trim components material shall be foreseen, by use of Stellite or
other hardness treatments.

All valves in cryogenic service (i.e. the valves installed in piping

classes used when the minimum design temperature falls below -100°C)
shall be designed and tested following MESC SPE Group 77.

On Control Valve with Cryogenic Service customized extension bonnet

shall be selected.

Control valve accessories such as positioner, air filter regulator and

solenoid valve shall be properly installed on the actuator and shall be
fully piped.
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For limit switches and solenoid valves (if needed), see characteristics
described for these subjects in below paragraphs 10.2 and 10.3.

9.2 Actuators

Valve actuator shall be in general spring opposed pneumatic diaphragm

type with Control Valve and test procedure response measurement from
step inputs shall comply to ISA-75.25.01.

The available instrument air pressure to be considered for actuator

design min. 4,2 max bar g 9,0 bar g considering all components of
pneumatic circuits with design pressure 12 bar g .

Actuator air supply connection shall be as a minimum ½” NPS. Greater

sizes can be used to guarantee the proper stroking capacity.

Piston cylinder type actuators (single or double acting) may be used

where standard diaphragm actuator would be inadequate. Requirements for
piston cylinder actuators are outlined in paragraph 4.9 relevant
section.

The actuator shall be suitable for outdoor installation and capable of

operating in variable weather conditions (wind, sand, etc…)

9.3 Self Regulating Control Valves

Self-regulating control valves can be used for flow, temperature and

pressure in case the loads remain reasonably constant and for
application whose accuracy is less demanding.

Self-regulating valves shall normally be installed without block and

by-pass except where they are necessary for emergency operation.

Actuator return springs shall be designed in accordance with EN-13906-

1.

Any further detail and requirement relevant the self -regulating control
valves can anyway be found in the dedicated document: Technical Supply
Specification for Control Valves (T-14.150.028).
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10 ON/OFF SERVICE VALVES

10.1 Actuated Valves For On/Off Services

The design of the valve body shall be in accordance with the process
conditions and the piping classes, being anyway generally either ball
or butterfly type.

Anyway, plug valves, gate valves or other valve types can still be used
accordingly to the piping specifications.

The valves shall be supplied as a single assembly complete with actuator

and accessories. The valve, stem and yoke shall be capable to withstand
the actuator at maximum delivery torque.

Minimum control valve body size shall be 1". Reduced trim is acceptable.
Body size shall be limited to 1", 1-1/2", 2", 3", 4", 6", 8", 10", 12",
14” and 16". Greater sizes may be used wherever necessary but
considering alternative design available on the market.

The valve VENDOR shall be responsible for the correct operation of the
actuator and its sizing. The actuator shall develop a torque which is
sufficient to open and close the valve within the limits set by the
design of the mechanical parts of the valve itself.

Ball valves, unless otherwise specified, shall be as follows:

- According to standard API 608 (design, construction, dimensions, test,

etc.) and API 6D (in case category is not covered by API 608)

- Trunnion supported type

- Reduced bore (full bore shall be clearly requested if needed due

mainly to pressure loss constrain)

- provided with pressure relief for pressure cavities

- designed to operate freely after the stem has remained in one position
for an extended service time (up from one year since the installation
or the last maintenance)

- seal in both directions. In case of seal on a single direction (single

seat) the seat location shall be clearly and permanently identified on
the valve body for a correct installation

- complete with anti-blowout stem

Butterfly valves, unless otherwise specified, shall be as follows:

- with triple offset design

 Rev No. Page 26 of
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- designed to operate satisfactorily with the stem in any position (i.e.

vertical, horizontal or inclined)

- complete with anti-blowout stem

If NACE requirements apply, valve shall comply with NACE MR-0103.

Those valves with tight shut off requirements shall be designed in line
with the leakage rates as defined in API 598.

On/Off Valves Fugitive Emission shall be in accordance with EN ISO

15848-1.

All valves in cryogenic service (i.e. the valves installed in piping

classes used when the minimum design temperature falls below -100°C)
shall be designed and tested as per MESC SPE Group 77.

Partial Stroke test is to be considered only if requested by SIL

verification.

10.2 Solenoid Valves

Solenoid valves shall be 3-ways or 4-ways type depending on the

application, unless otherwise specified in the individual relevant
specification.

Solenoid valves shall generally be energized during normal operation,

powered with 3-15psi pneumatic air or fuel gas supply

For depressurizing valves, 2 solenoids in parallel shall be used in

order to avoid spurious depressurizations.

Solenoid valves Body and Trim Material shall be in AISI 316 SS unless
otherwise specified.
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10.3 Actuators

Actuators shall generally be pneumatic type. Spring return piston

cylinder actuator shall generally be used, complete with appropriate
gearing and travel stops. Double acting piston cylinder actuator type
may be used for very high shut off pressure requirements or very great
valve dimensions.

The available instrument air pressure to be considered for actuator

design min. 4,2 max bar g 9,0 bar g considering the pneumatic circuits
with design pressure 12 bar g.

Actuator air supply connection shall be as a minimum ½” NPS. Greater

sizes can be used to guarantee the proper stroking time process
requirements.

In case double-acting functionality is required, the valve shall be

provided with complete accessories fully assembled like volume tank,
drain valve, relief valve, non-return valve and pressure gauges etc…

The volume tank shall be designed for minimum 3 full stroke actions
(where stroke is defined as a complete movement of the valve from Open
to Closed or from Closed to Open).

Actuators (spring or double-acting) shall be able to withstand the

maximum shut-off pressure indicated in the valve specification with the
minimum instrument air pressure available.

The actuator shall be suitable for outdoor installation and capable of

operating in variable weather conditions (wind, sand, etc…).

10.4 Fire Safe Design

Valves shall meet API 607 and EN ISO 10497 (for metallic seats)
requirements in case fire safe design is to be considered.

Fireproofing of actuators and accessories like air filter and

lubricator, solenoid valves, and volume tank shall be preferably
realized by enclosing them in certified fireproof enclosures (with
preference to flexible protective jackets compared to semi-rigid or
rigid enclosures). Intumescent coating is anyway also acceptable.

Any further detail and requirement relevant to the control valves can
anyway be found in the dedicated Job Document.
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11 SAFETY DEVICES
11.1 Relief Valves

Pressure relief valves shall be designed and selected according to the

following document and standards:

- T-14.160.001 SPECIFICATION FOR PIPING MATERIALS (PIPING CLASSES)

- ASME BPVC Section V Non destructive Examination

- ASME SEC VIII Div.1: 2015 ASME/BPVC Rules for Construction of Pressure
Vessel

- ASME SEC VIII Div.2: 2015 ASME/BPVC Alternative Rules for Construction
of Pressure Vessel

- API 520 PT I Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-relieving

Devices Part I- Sizing and Selection

- API 520 PT II Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-relieving

Devices Part II- Installation- Sixth Edition, March 2015

- API 521 Pressure-relieving and Depressurizing Systems-Sixth Edition,

January 2014

Pressure relief valves shall be full nozzle and full lift type except
for thermal relief valves.

Conventional spring loaded pressure relief valves shall be used when:

- superimposed backpressure is constant

- built-up backpressure is lower than 10% of set pressure

- for PSV discharging to atmosphere.

Balanced bellows pressure relief valves shall be used when:

- superimposed backpressure is variable

- built-up backpressure is higher than 10% of set pressure and lower or

equal to 50% of set pressure.

Pilot operated pressure relief valves shall be used when variable

backpressure is equal or higher than 50% of set pressure. Pilot can be
used only for clean fluids (which do not contain suspended or dissolved
solid particles: VENDOR shall anyway verify suitability of pilot
operation to the design condition in all cases.
 Rev No. Page 29 of
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Packing lifting lever shall be specified for all closed bonnet valves
used in the following services: steam, water with temperature over 60°C
and air services. Open bonnet can be used for steam service only (in
this case a regular open lever can be used)

Overpressure (accumulation) to be considered for the design of the

relief valves is 21% in case of fire exposure and 10% for all the other
scenario, unless otherwise requested.

The body and bonnet material shall be in accordance to:

- the piping specifications at the valve outlet as minimum

- particular operating conditions

Nozzle, disc and other internal materials (including pilot valve for
pilot operated pressure relief valves) shall be selected accordingly to
piping specification at the valve inlet condition (AISI 316 SS anyway
as minimum).

Spring material shall be selected accordingly to API 526 recommendations

for the discharge temperature.

Flanged connections and rating shall generally be as per line/vessel

specifications and according to API 520. A minimum rating of ANSI 300
shall anyway be considered for the inlet flanged connection. Flanged
(RF) connection 3/4" shall be used for thermal relief services.

All calibration screws shall be protected by a cap and sealing (suitable

to keep thermal balance). All caps shall be bolted unless for threaded
valves or open bonnet valves, for which screwed cap is also allowed.

If NACE requirements apply, valve shall comply with NACE MR-0103.

All valves shall be provided with a test gag.

Safety valve noise generated during the operation shall be in line with
the levels specified in the Environmental Philosophy Doc. No. T-
14.185.560 In any case, noise emission shall not exceed the absolute
limit of 115 dB(A) in any position not less than 1 m distance from
equipment which is accessible to personnel or any other position where
the operator may be exposed to noise in the normal course of his/her
duty.
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11.2 Acoustical Insulation For Relief Valves

On Relief Safety Valves with noise higher than 115dB(A) during discharge
phase an appropriate “Acoustical Insulation” of tail pipe if installed
near working platform only.

11.3 Rupture Disc

Rupture disks shall be used where process conditions preclude the use
of a pressure relief valve. They can also be used in series with them
if necessary.

Ruptures disks shall be designed and selected according to the following

standards

- ASME BPVC Section V Non destructive Examination

- ASME SEC VIII Div.1: 2015 ASME/BPVC Rules for Construction of

Pressure Vessel

- ASME SEC VIII Div.2 : 2015 ASME/BPVC Alternative Rules for

Construction of Pressure Vessel

- API 520 PT I Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-relieving

Devices Part I- Sizing and Selection

- API 520 PT II Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-relieving

Devices Part II- Installation- Sixth Edition, March 2015

Rupture discs shall be reverse buckling type, in general and shall be

supplied in pre-torqued holder assembly which shall fit inside the inner
diameter of the bolt circle of standard ASME flanges.

Disc material shall be compatible with the vessel/pipe contents and

shall be consistent with the bursting requirements.

The admissible tolerance of the rupture disc is +/- 5% of the rupture

value.

Each disk shall have protection against a vacuum.

 Rev No. Page 31 of
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12 INSTALLATION MATERIALS

Main features and minimum requirements for some of the main installation
materials are described in the following paragraphs.

12.1 Instrument Process Connections

The best instrument process connection arrangement for each on-line

instrument shall be determined on the basis of the measurement accuracy,
operability, maintainability, operating conditions. It shall be based
on required sealing, purging, heating and insulation. The selected
instrument process connection shall guarantee proper measurement at all
normal and abnormal process operating conditions and at the specific
climatic conditions.

12.2 Instrument Process Connection By Isolating Valves, Tubing And

Instrument Manifold Block

Each instrument connection on pipe or equipment shall consider a

dedicated isolating valve (part of the piping system). Size and type of
the connection interface in accordance with paragraph 3.5.

Impulse line tubing shall be as short as possible to avoid vapor/liquid

pockets which may affect the accuracy of the measurement. The number of
joints shall be kept at the minimum. No intermediate connection shall
be considered in case impulse line length is less than 4 m.

All horizontal runs of impulse lines shall have a minimum 10% slope. As
a general rule, impulse lines shall slope downwards to the process
connection on gas services and slope upwards to the process connection
on liquid services.

For straight lengths up to a maximum of 1 m the tubing can be self-

supporting. For longer lengths the tubing shall be supported at
approximately 1 m intervals. Insulating spacer materials shall be
applied to separate the tubing from its support to prevent galvanic
corrosion.

Each pressure transmitter shall be installed with a 2 valves integral

instrument manifold block consisting of one process isolating valve and
one drain/vent valve with screwed cap.
 Rev No. Page 32 of
R01 34

Each differential pressure transmitter (including level and flow

application) shall be installed with a 5 valves integral instrument
manifold block consisting of two process isolating valves, one
equalizing valve and two drain valves with screwed cap.

All instrument manifold shall be directly bolted to the instrument for

a convenient operation for venting, draining and calibration purpose.

All the valves used for impulse line shall be globe type.

General rules for material selection of instrument impulse lines,

fittings, manifold blocks and other process wetted parts shall be based
on the requirements as specified in the piping classes. Fittings shall
be from a single manufacturer only (Hoke Gyrolok suitable for “metric
type SS tubing” with 1.5 mm tk) including package suppliers. Where
process conditions and piping classes allow, the instrument impulse
lines, fittings, manifold block and other process wetted parts shall be
made of AISI 316 SS. Monel or any other tubing material shall be used
where AISI SS316 is not suitable for the service.

Impulse lines dimensions shall generally be with external diameter of

12 mm x 1,25 mm. All fittings shall be suitable for the same.

For the below cases, welded tubing shall be used. All welding shall be
performed by orbital welding principle:

- when piping specification does not allow threaded connection

- where there is possibility of crevice corrosion

- if no extra pressure drop is allowed (e.g. fast loop sample lines for
analyzers)

For impulse line with viscous/congealing services a tee off with blind
flanged shall be provided for cleaning purpose near to first isolation
valve.

Extension loop in the impulse lines (piping or tubing) of suitable

length may have to be provided for those instrument installations where
process fluid temperature is higher than the maximum withstanding
temperature of the instrument/diaphragm.
 Rev No. Page 33 of
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12.3 Instrument Process Connection By Diaphragm Seal + Capillary And

Flushing Rings
It shall be applied if an instrument process connection as described in
the previous section is not possible due to material requirements, high
temperatures, plugging, toxic components presence, etc.

Each diaphragm seal shall be provided with a flushing ring with 2 valves
with a nominal size of ½” NPS which are welded to the flushing ring.
These valves are for draining/venting or flushing purposes and during
normal operation shall be capped off with a screwed cap.

The general rules for material selection of flushing rings, membrane

and other process wetted parts shall be based on the requirements as
specified in the piping classes. Capillary filling fluid shall be
suitable for the instrument process operating conditions, installation
method and specified environmental conditions.

12.4 Instrument Air Piping

In order to allow for instrument air distribution to valves positioners,
actuators and other various instruments, multiple air distribution pots
shall be provided and connected to a common instrument air header.
Depending on the user type also direct connections can be considered.

Air distribution pots shall be in SS.

Connections of air pot distributions to the piping instrument air header

shall be with SS tubing 16 mm OD x 2 mm tk with compression fitting SS
suitable for tubing 16 mm x 2 mm tk (Hoke Gyrolok).

Connections of air pot distributions to each instrument shall be with

6 mm OD x 0.75 mm tk Copper Tubing with PVC sheath and brass compression
fitting (Hoke Gyrolok) suitable for tubing 6 mm x 0.75 mm tk.

Air distribution pots shall have 6 (or 10 branch max) pipes 1/4” NPS
each equipped with isolation SS on/off ball valves and SS drain valve
with sized1/4”.

Single air supply connections from instrument air header up to

Depressurizing / Recycle / On-Off / Dryer Valve or similar shall be
connected with16 mm OD SS tubing 2.0 mm tk and SS compression fittings.
Tubing and compression fitting may be increased if required due to the
valve size or the length of valve location.
 Rev No. Page 34 of
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13 INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS SUPPLIED WITH PACKAGES

Generally main packages shall be supplied complete of Unit Control

Panels (UCP) to operate safely and efficiently the package. The UCP
shall be preferably mounted on board of the package module in case of
installation in non-hazardous area and connected directly with all the
relevant instruments in order to minimize any installation activity at
site. In case the package location falls within the boundaries of a
hazardous zone, the relevant PLC shall be mounted in the control room
module in order to avoid any issue due to maintenance activities.

14 INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS

Instrument systems will be submitted to all necessary test and check to

verify that the supply is according to project specifications, relevant
Inspection Data Sheets (IDS) and all applicable Standard and Codes.

All tests will be carried out at the Manufacturer’s workshop before

shipment and the Supplier shall provide all the requested certificates.

Such inspections shall not relieve the VENDOR from his responsibilities
concerning materials, work carried out and the performance of the
equipment supplied.