2020 BLS GUIDELINES

Basic Life Support (BLS) is performed to support the patient's

circulation and respiration through the use of cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) until advanced life support arrives.
The ILCOR has updated the Basic Life Support (BLS) course over the
years as new research in cardiac care has become available. Cardiac
arrest continues to be a leading cause of death in the United States.
BLS guidelines have changed dramatically, and the elements of BLS
continue to be some of the most important steps in the initial
treatment. General concepts of BLS include:
 Quickly starting the adult Chain of Survival.
1. Activation of emergency response.
2. Perform early CPR.
3. Defibrillate with AED.
4. Advanced life support.
5. Post cardiac arrest care.
6. Recovery.

 Delivering high-quality chest compressions for adults, children,

and infants.
 Knowing where to locate and understanding how to use an
Automated External Defibrillator (AED).
 Providing rescue breathing when appropriate.
 Understanding how to perform as a team.
 Knowing how to treat choking.
 CPR STEP BY STEP

1 Be Safe [10 sec]

Watch for danger (construction debris, electrical hazards, natural
disasters glass, fumes, etc.)
Be sure you do not become injured yourself.
“SCENE IS SAFE”

2 Approach the Person [10 sec]

Tap shoulders (adult and children), tickle/tap on sole (infants)
Shout “HEY ARE YOU OK??”

Normal RR: 12-16 BPM

3 Assess the Person: [10 sec] Normal pulse:
60-100 BPM (adults),
Check pulse: 80-190 BPM (kids)

Carotid artery (adults and children) femoral artery and Brachial

artery (infants)
Count: 1 1000, 2 1000, 3 1000, 4 1000, 5 1000...
“NO PULSE”
Check breath:
look-----listen-----feel
Chest----breaths----on cheeks

4 Call EMS
1122
Call 1122
Confirm: “is this 1122?”
Tell: your name, your location, emergency situation
Ask: bring AED, do you need other information
 5 CPR  Start compressions
within 10 seconds.
C—A—B
 compression rate of 100
Compression (hard and fast) – 120 per minute.
Airway (wide open)  Minimize interruptions.
 Do not over-ventilate.
Breathing (mouth-to-mouth)  Breathing rate is every
5–6 seconds (10–12
breaths per minute).
 Allow complete chest
recoil.
 Do not lean on the chest.
 Repeat 5 cycles of 30
compressions and 2
rescue breaths.
 When 2 rescuers are in
the care of an infant, the
compression to breaths
ratio is 15:2.
 Stabilize cervical spine
before CPR

6 Mouth-To-Mouth Ventilation
A pocket mask, bag-mask or simply mouth to mouth gives 2
breaths over 1 second
Artificial manual breathing unit
AMBU bag:
Hold the bag mask with one hand using the thumb and index
finger in the shape of a “C”, while the other fingers make “E” to
open the airway by lifting the person’s lower jaw.
 6 Defibrillate
Perform steps as directed
Before shock shout:
“I’m clear
You’re clear
All is clear”

AED
STEPS TO USE AED:
1. Open AED case and turn the device ON
2. Expose the victim’s chest
3. Attach AED pads to the victim’s chest
4. Do not touch the victim when AED is ANALYZING
5. Before delivering SHOCK, make sure the victim’s chest is
clear, no one is touching the victim, and the area around the
victim is clear.
6. Press the SHOCK button
7. Resume CPR for 2 minutes

 Do not place the pads over a pacemaker or an implantable

cardioverter-defibrillator.
 Remove the victim from the water and dry the chest before applying
pads.
 Excessive hair will impede pad contact. Quickly remove the
padding and replace with a new set to ensure adequate contact with
the chest wall.
 Remove any medication patches from the chest - Make sure the
pads do not touch each other.
 If the device malfunctions, do not troubleshoot. Return immediately
to high-quality CPR.
 When the patient has gained consciousness put him into recovery
position i.e., left lateral.
 CHOKING

ADULT AND CHILD CHOKING

Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)

Choking is an emergency. It can quickly result in death if not treated

promptly. Call your local EMS and start helping the victim by the
following procedure:

1. Confirm chocking by asking two questions.

a) Can you speak?
b) Can you breathe?
If the victim nods in response to these questions:
2. Reassure the victim that you are going to help him.
3. Stand behind the person who's choking.
4. Place your arms around their waist and bend them forward.
5. Clench 1 fist and place it right above their belly button.
6. Put the other hand on top of your fist and pull sharply inwards and
upwards.
7. Repeat this movement up to 5 times.

INFANT CHOKING
Back Blows and Chest Thrust Steps

1. Rest infant face down on your forearm.

2. Support their head and face with your hand.
3. Deliver 5 back blows between the shoulder blades.
4. Turn the victim over and support the back of their head.
5. Use 2 fingers and deliver 5 chest thrusts over the sternum.
6. Repeat back blows, alternated with chest thrusts, until choking is
relieved or the infant becomes unresponsive.
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