Professional Documents
Culture Documents
24/06/2013
THALAMUS
“Gateway to cerebral cortex”
Hypothalamus Thalamus
Hypothalamus sulcus
Dorsal – Lateral Ventricle
Thalamus
Massa intermedia
Classification of Thalamic Nuclei
NEUROANATOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Divided by internal medullary lamina into three nuclear
groups:
• Lateral group of nuclei
• Medial group of nuclei
• Anterior group of nuclei
Classification of Thalamic Nuclei
Dorsomedial nucleus
• Afferent fibres - Prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus,
other thalamic nuclei
• Efferent fibres - Prefrontal cortex (area 8,9,10 and 11)
hypothalamus, other thalamic nuclei
• Function served:
• The dorsomedial nucleus belongs to a neural system
concerned with affective behavior, decision making and
judgment, memory, and the integration of somatic and
visceral activity.
• The reciprocal connections between the prefrontal cortex and
the dorsomedial nucleus can be interrupted surgically to
relieve severe anxiety states and other psychiatric disorders.
Connections of Thalamus
Schematic diagram showing the major afferent and efferent connections of the
dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
Connections of Thalamus
Intralaminal nuclei
• Afferent fibres - Reticular formation of the brain stem,
Spinothalamic and trigeminal lemniscus, Globus
pallidus , cerebral cortex (In contrast to other thalamic
nuclei, the connections between the intralaminar nuclei and
cerebral cortex are not reciprocal)
• Efferent fibres - To cerebral cortex via other thalamic
nuclei, no direct cortical connections for the
intralaminar nuclei (exception intralaminar nuclei
centrolateral to the primary visual cortex area 17),
corpus striatum.
• Function served:
• Influences levels of consciousness and alertness
• Integrates somatic and visceral sensory impulse before
projecting to cortex
Connections of Thalamus
Midline nuclei
• Afferent fibres – spinothalamic, trigemono thalamic
tract, medial lemniscus,reticular formation,other
thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus.
• Efferent fibres - Hypothalamus , neocortex,basal
ganglia, other thalamic nuclei
• Function served:
• poorly developed in humans
• Centre for integrating crude visceral and somatic sensation.
Connections of Thalamus
Reticular nucleus
• Afferent fibres - collaterals of corticothalamic
projections, and thalamocortical projections of other
thalamic nuclei
• Efferent fibres – other thalamic nuclei (unique among
thalamic nuclei in that its axons do not leave the thalamus)
• Function served:
• Based on its connections, the reticular nucleus plays a role in
integrating and gating activities of thalamic nuclei
Connections of Thalamus
Connections of Thalamus
Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides in Thalamus
Thalamic syndrome
Also known as "Dejerine-Roussy disease", after Joseph
jules dejerine & Gustave Roussy
Caused due to infarct in geniculothalamic
(thalamogeniculate, posterolateral) artery, a branch of
the posterior cerebral artery.
Thalamic structures involved by the infarct are the
posteroventral and the posterolateral nuclei.
The clinical hallmark is a pansensory loss contralateral
to the lesion, paresthesia, and thalamic pain.
Transient hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopsia,
hemiataxia, tremor, choreiform movements, and spatial
neglect, all contralateral to the lesion in the thalamus
Thalamus applied aspects