CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, conceptual framework, the

statement the problem, scope and delimitation of the study, the significance of the study and

definition of terms.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Gautam et al (2010) claimed that in order to change from the current wasteful

conditions to a more sustainable management, it is imperative to analyze the current

conditions, identify the problems they are linked with, and come up with alternative solutions.

So, maintaining an ecologically healthy environment depends on the students’ level of

understanding regarding solid waste management and its connection to their actions.

In 2005, there were 1.8 billion occurrences of diarrhea, with food contamination

accounting for the majority of those cases. Moreover, one of the facilitating aspects that

enable a person’s action is knowledge. A solid understanding of waste management can aid

in raising one’s awareness of personal and societal health.

According to the Philippine Health Profile from 2010, the two most common in-patient

illnesses were diarrhea and gastroenteritis. Keeping yourself clean while handling and

cooking food can stop the spread of illness. The majority of people typically eat and drink at

a canteen or cafeteria, which is an example of a food retail business. It is also one of the

sites where food handlers work. Workers in canteens handle and prepare food and drinks;

as a result, they should be aware of the risk associated with unsafe waste management

practices, including the possibility of contracting a foodborne illness. Environmental

conservation is a concern that is steadily growing in both developed and developing nations

alike. Thus, the United Nations’ members have made environmental sustainability one of

their Millennium Development Goals. This suggest that the consumption of ozone-depleting

compounds, which make up some of the wastes produced by humanity, should be

significantly reduced. With organized waste management techniques, members of the UN

developed methods for eliminating or minimizing these products.

Rao (2013) cited insects, rats, fire, and odor as the issues related to the storing of

garbage in buildings. These issues are linked to other issues with human health and aquatic

ecosystems. Waste management must be included into overall environmental planning as it

is a crucial aspects of environmental hygiene (WHO Expert Committee,2010). There may be

short-term dangers associated with its storage, collection, transport, treatment, and disposal.

Long-term risks could emerge, especially as a result of chemical water supply pollution.

In light of the aforementioned literary findings, the goal of this study is to evaluate

students’ waste management practices and how those practices are affected by them.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study’s main challenge is to evaluate students’ waste management habits and how they

affect those habits. The following questions were specifically addressed by this study:

1. What level of understanding do students have of the following waste management

techniques:

1.1 Being aware of the laws;

1.2 Knowledge of standards ; and

1.3 Knowledge of environmental influences on health?

2. What level of waste management training do the students have in terms of

2.1 collecting methods;

2.2 disposal methods; and

2.3 How do you process recoveries?

3. Does the degree of waste management awareness among respondents have a big

impact on their waste management habits?

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK`

The study makes the assumption that waste management techniques and

student attitudes and knowledge are connected.

The conceptual model that used to assess the impact of students’ awareness of

and attitudes about waste management on their waste management practices is

shown in Figure 1.

Awareness on waste Waste Management

management Practices

Awareness on Collection practices

regulations
Disposal practices
Awareness standards
Recovery and
Awareness on health processing practices

Environmental
effects

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the study

The respondents’ level of awareness was evaluated based on their knowledge of the norms,

laws, and consequences on the environment and health. Furthermore assessed and used as

the study’s dependent variable were the waste management procedures.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains the related literature and studies which providers the
researchers needed information and direction for the completion of the study.

Southeast Asian country of the Philippines is an archipelago. Due to its huge and
youthful population, growing middle class , and increasing urbanization, it has a vibrant and
quick growing economy (World Bank 2020). In light of this circumstance, solid waste
generation in the Philippines likewise rises (Castillo & Otoma,2013). In accordance with
Republic Act No.9003 (also known as the Environmental Solid Waste Management Act of
2000), solid waste includes all trashed up household, commercial, institutional, and industrial
items as well as street sweepings, construction waste, agricultural waste, and other non-
hazardous / non-toxic solid waste. It is also obvious that the output of solid waste is rising
elsewhere. According to World Bank (2019), by 2050, there will be an increase in global
garbage production of 70%, from 2.01 billion tons in 2016 to 3.40 billion tons. The generation
of solid trashed is increasing, making it management increasingly difficult (Al-katib et
al.,2010). Hence, managing solid waste is essential. In order to control the generation,
storage, collection, transfer, processing, and disposal of solid waste, it is important to follow
the best practices in public health, economic, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and
other environmental considerations. It is also important to take into account the attitudes of
the general public. However, solid waste management is frequently disregarded (Masood,
Barlow, & Wilson,2009). Poor waste management practices, ineffective garbage collecting
methods, and a lack of disposal facilities are some issues with the Philippines solid waste
management (Matunog & Awa ,2013; Senate Economic Planning Office, 2017). Philippines
was regarded as the world’s top source of plastic pollution as a result (WWF-
Philippines ,2018). Moreover, improper management of solid waste may result in
environmental issues, such as water and soil contamination, air pollution , and flooding, as
well as socio economic issues (Abu Qdais, 2007; Sharholy et al. 2008; Senate Economic
Planning Office, 2017).
In response to the problem, San Juan (2019) shown that a community’s participation in
a solid waste management program depended on the decisions made by its officials or
leaders. In addition, Al-katib et al.(2010) emphasized that in order to manage solid waste, it
is necessary to consider technical, political, legal, socio cultural, environmental, economic,
and resource availability factors. The solid waste management program will fail if any of the
resources are missing. As a result, the locals will be dissatisfied (Lad, Chauhan, & Gole,
2020). In addition to these, widespread engagement and cooperation are also required.
Thus , it has become crucial to educate individuals through the transmission of knowledge in
how to handle produced solid waste ( Marello & Helwege, 2014; Nolasco, Baguia, & Padua
2019). Oliva as cited by Villanueva (2013) highlighted the importance of education as one of
the four essential elements of a successful solid waste management strategy. Yet , an
inadequate solid waste management information dissemination plan will result in a decrease
in public awareness and program participation ( Nolasco, Baguia, & Padua,2019). As an
example, Dela Cruz (2020) indicated that a certain community has a moderately established
solid waste management program. Section 55 of the R.A. the Department of Education
(DepEd), the Council on Higher Education (CHED), and other national agencies were
required by No. 9003 to carry out solid waste management continuing education and
information distribution programs. The goal of education and information sharing should be
to: a. raise public awareness of the negative effects of solid waste generation and the need
for a community-based solution; b. present workable solutions to the problem; and c.
persuade people to buy environmentally friendly goods. Moreover, R.A. No. 9512
(Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008) mandates that the aforementioned
organizations include environmental education in the curricula of all educational institutions,
including public and private ones, at all academic levels. More specifically, it promotes
tertiary education through the National Service Training Program to carry out initiatives like
planting trees, waste minimization, segregation, recycling, and composting, freshwater and
marine conservation, forest management and conservation, relevant livelihood opportunities,
economic benefits, and other similar programs and undertakings to support the
implementation of various environmental protection laws. Many research have been done
determine the impact of solid waste management instruction and information dissemination
in schools on students level of awareness and practices. These studies , nevertheless , were
done in tertiary education. As an example , Paghasian (2017) found that Maigo’s college
students have a good level of awareness of solid waste management. Its solid waste
management procedures were fair in terms of disposal , but good in terms of segregation ,
reduction , and recycling. Although the student’s awareness of solid waste management had
no impact on their disposal procedures , it had an impact on their practices , particularly with
regard to segregation , reduce , reuse and recycle. In the study of Gequinto (2016) ,
students from various state universities and colleges in CALABARZON were surveyed to
find out how often they practiced solid waste management. With regard to the 3Rs (reduce,
reuse, and recycle), waste collection received the greatest composite mean, whilst waste
recycling and waste treatment received the lowest composite mean. In contrast, there are
few and few studies on solid waste management in primary school. Thus senior high school
students were used in this investigation. The senior high school curriculum has recently
been incorporated into the fundamental education, which dates back to R.A. No. 10533 or
the improved basic education of 2013 was enacted. The researcher wants to find out how
much junior high school students know about solid waste management, where their
knowledge comes from, and how they manage their solid waste because they spend 12
years in basic education with environmental awareness and education integrated into their
curricula.
 Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Southern Leyte
District of Silago
Hingatungan National High School
303461

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND WASTE DISPOSAL

PRACTICES AMONG JUNIOR HIGH STUDENTS ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT
HINGATUNGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL FOR THE SY 2022-2023
Dear Respondent:
The researchers would like to invite you to be a research participant in the research
study entitled, “The Level of Awareness and Waste Disposal Practices among Junior High
Students On Solid Waste Management at Hingatungan National High School for the SY
2022-2023”. You are chosen as one of the participants in this study because you are fit to
the inclusion criteria of the target participants of this study. Your participation will provide
data for researchers to determine the correlation on the level of awareness and waste
disposal practices among Junior High School students in relation to solid waste
management. Your involvement in this study is voluntary. You have the right to withdraw
from this study whenever you choose, with no penalty or action taken against you. In this
case of withdrawal of participation, the data you have contributed will be withdrawn as well
and will not be part of the data analysis of this study.
Part I. DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Instruction: We would like to start by asking you some background information about
yourself. These include your name, age, gender, grade level. Please try to be as accurate as
possible while responding; the answers you provide will be kept strictly confidential.
Name (optional):
Age: years old
Sex: (Please input a check mark in the box.)
Male Female
Year level: (Please input a check mark in the box.)
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
Section: _________
Part II. AWARENESS AND PRACTICES ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Directions: This questionnaire explores the level of self-perceived awareness and practices
among Junior High Students on solid waste management. For each statement below, decide
which of the following answers best applies to you. Kindly put a check mark (√) in the column
that best represents your answer. Please be guided with following scale:
5 VERY HIGH
4 HIGH
3 AVERAGE
 2 LOW
1 VERY LOW

A. Self-Perceived Awareness on Solid Waste Management

Self-Perceived awareness on Solid Waste 5 4 3 2 1
Management
Awareness on Regulations
1. I am aware about the existence of solid
waste management rules.
2. I am aware about the existence of solid
waste management plan in the institution.
3. I know 5s ( Sort, Set in order, Shine,
Standardized, Sustain
Awareness on Standards
4. I know solid waste disposal symbols.
5. I am aware that waste must be
segregated into different categories at the
source.
6. I know the 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle)
7. I am aware that receptacles/ waste
containers shall be protected against
vermin and other animals.
8. I know that disposal area should be
placed strategically.
9. I know that solid waste should not be left
in food preparation areas overnight.
Awareness on Health and Environment Effects
10. I know that food-borne illness may
occur if there is an improper handling of
solid wastes.
11. I know that inappropriate disposal of
solid waste results in environmental
degradation.
B. Waste Disposal Practices on Solid Waste Management

Waste Disposal Practices on Solid Waste 5 4 3 2 1

Management
1. Solid waste materials are not disposed
to rivers, canals, sea, or vacant lots.
2. Solids waste materials are disposed
according in the methods prescribe by the
government.
3. Solid waste materials are disposed
properly in the designated trash bins.
4. Solid waste is disposed according to
schedule.
5. Leftovers are disposed to separate trash
bins.
6. Solid waste is disposed in the
designated collection area.
7. Chemical waste, sharps waste, toxic
substances are disposed properly.
8. Solid waste is disposed in marked high-
density garbage bags.
9. Practice 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle)
10. Using 5S ( Sort, Set in order, Shine,
Standardized, Sustain )
11. Full implementation of MRF. ( Material
Recovery Facility ) ( if applicable )
12. Disposal area is strategically located.
13. 5S/3R is strictly implemented.
14. Solid waste materials are not properly
disposed.
15. No designated area for disposal or
chemical waste such as cleaning
materials.
16. No safe disposal of chemical waste
such as cleaning materials.
17. Solid wastes are not left in food
preparation overnight.
18. Waste materials are collected
according to the schedule.
19. Waste materials are collected during
weekends and even during holidays.
20. Departments are informed on the days
when garbage are to be collected.
21. No garbage is left uncollected on the
schedule time.
22. Waste materials are collected in
designated area.
23. Medical waste are place in appropriate
container located throughout medical
department facility at time of generation, (if
applicable).
24. Wastes are collected by the
maintenance staff.
25. Infectious waste, chemical waste, toxic
substances are collected together,
regardless of whether or not they are
contaminated (if applicable)
26. Grease trap, kitchen waste, are
collected by authorized staff in strong, leak
proof containers that are clearly label.( if
applicable)

Thank you for taking the time to respond to the questionnaire!

March 29, 2023

MARIA LURY A. LAGUMBAY

Principal-1
Hingatungan National High School

Madam:
We, the Grade 12 Senior High School students of Hingatungan National High
School are currently conducting a research study entitled The Level of Awareness of
Junior High Students on Solid Waste Management of Hingatungan National High
School for School year 2022-2023. This study aims to evaluate students solid waste
management practices and have those practices are affected by them. In connection
with this, may we humbly ask your good office to allow us to float our research
questionnaire to the Grade 7 and Grade 10 students, as the chosen respondent of
the said research study on March 3, 2023.
Your favorable action to this request will truly help us in the completion of our
research work. Rest assured that all information gathered will be taken with utmost
confidentiality and exclusively utilized for research purposes only,
We are looking forward for a favorable action on this request. Thank you very much in
advance.

Respectfully Yours,

HAZEL MAE P. LADICA

Lead Proponent

CEFERINO RONDON JR.

Member

ANGELL MAE P. LABRADOR

Member

ROBIN A. TAYUM
Member
Action Taken
( ) Approved
( ) Disapproved

MARIA LURY A. LAGUMBAY

 Principal 1

Informed Consent Form

Title of the Study: Survey Questionnaire on the Level of Awareness of Junior High
Students on Solid Waste Management of Hingatungan National High School.
Researchers: Hazel Mae P. Ladica, Ceferino S. Rondon Jr., Angell Mae P. Labrador, Robin
A. Tayum
The researchers would like to invite you to be a research participant in the research study
entitled Survey Questionnaire on the Level of Awareness of Junior High students on Solid
Waste Management of Hingatungan National High School.
You are chosen as one of the participants in this study because you fit the inclusion criteria
of the target participant of this study. Your participation will provide data for the researchers
to identify the influence of Solid Waste Management. Your involvement in this study is
voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from this study whenever you choose with no
penalty or action taken against you.
In assurance, there are no known risk with regards to your participation. If you approved my
request to include you as a participant in this study, we the researchers, will conduct a
survey related to the study. The survey will be conducted in a place that you are most
comfortable with and a time that is most convenient for you. The survey will require a
maximum of 60 minutes of your time and your answers will be transcribed and keep
confidential. The survey will be transcribed and returned to you to confirm the sureness and
uniformity of the contents between your responses and the decoded responses in the
manuscript.
Your personal information will not be mentioned in any document of this research study. If
you may have any questions with regards to the research study, please feel free to contact
us through the mobile phone 0963-050-8226 at your most convenient time. Your signature
certifies that you have decided to participate as a research respondent for this study having
read and understood the information presented. You will be given a copy of this consent
form to keep.

All my question and concerns with regards to my participation in this study have been
addressed properly chose to voluntarily participate in this research.

Research Participant’s Signature Mobile Number Date

Thank you very much!