CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures that will be used to conduct the

study. Specifically, it includes the research design, research locale, study respondents, data

gathering instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment to attain the objective

of the research.

Research Design

The extent to which the budgetary control and financial performance of food stalls in

Magsaysay Park in Tacurong City are related will be examined utilizing a mixed-method of

quantitative and qualitative, non-experimental design and correlational approach. This

method is suitable for research that examines the connection between two variables. Mixed

methods research integrates aspects of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches

to effectively address your research inquiry. Utilizing mixed methods allows for a more

comprehensive understanding compared to relying solely on either quantitative or qualitative

research. By combining these approaches, the study can harness the advantages of both

methods (George, 2023).

According to University of Minnesota Libraries: Research Methods in Psychology

(2016), research without either the manipulation of an independent variable, the random

assignment of individuals to conditions, the ordering of conditions, or both, is referred to as

non-experimental research.
 According to Bhandari (2023), with a correlational research design, correlations

between variables are examined without any of the variables within the researcher's direct

control or manipulation. A correlation indicates the extent to which and/or in which direction

two (or more) variables are related.

Locale of the Study

The researchers will conduct the study in food stalls in Magsaysay Park located in

Tacurong City. The study will examine the relationship between budgetary control practices

and financial performance of food stalls. Magsaysay Park's food stalls provide an excellent

opportunity for researchers to explore how budgetary control practices, such as budget

planning, monitoring, and participation, impact the financial performance of these

establishments. The park's atmosphere and the variety of food stalls present a rich sample for

the study, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of different budgetary control strategies

employed by the vendors. By conducting the study in Magsaysay Park, the researchers can

interact directly with the food stall vendors and gather key findings into their budgeting

practices. The researchers can observe firsthand how these practices influence the financial

performance metrics, such as profitability, and growth, of the food stalls.

Figure 1. Location Map of Magsaysay Park in Tacurong City

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the 25 food stall vendors in Magsaysay Park located

in Poblacion, Tacurong City. The chosen approach for selecting the respondents will

be total population sampling. According to Canonizado (2021), total population sampling is a

form of purposive sampling where the entire population with specific traits is scrutinized.

Researchers often choose this as their sampling method since the total population is minute

and clearly defined, and a portion of it might not meet the required criteria. When analyzing

behavior or opinions, a sample size of 20 can provide valuable insights. However, caution

must be exercised when attempting to make broad generalizations based solely on this sample

size. As per Budiu (2021), in cases where exploratory investigations are conducted, or

when dealing with a limited population, a sample size as small as 20 can be sufficient.

The researchers will choose to conduct the study in Magsaysay Park because of its

convenience and accessibility.

Date Gathering Instrument

Survey questionnaire is the primary tool that will be used to measure and established

the relationship between the two variables. The first part of the instrument will be the

socioeconomic profiling which consists of type of ownership, years of operation, number of

employees, and type of lease contract. The measurement of socioeconomic profiling will be

done by analyzing the frequency and percentage.

The second part of the instrument measures the level of budgetary control, with the

following indicators: budgetary planning, budgetary monitoring, and

budgetary participation. The instrument is adapted from the study of Ng'wasa (2017). The

respondents will use a 5-point Likert scale, which ranges from "Strongly Agree" to "Strongly

Disagree" on a scale of 5 to 1, to express their responses.

The scale for interpreting the level of budgetary control is as follows:

Scale Description

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Neutral

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

Range of Means Descriptive Level Interpretation

4.21 – 5.00 Very High This means that the food stall
managed their budget properly and
accurately.

3.41 – 4.20 High This means that the food stall

managed their budget properly but
not totally accurate.
2.61 – 3.40 Moderate This means that the food stall managed
their budget somewhat properly and
not totally accurate.

2.61 – 3.40 Low This means that the food stall managed
their budget poorly but
somehow accurate.
2.61 – 3.40 Very Low This means that the food stall
managed their budget very poorly and
is not accurate.

The third part of the instrument measures the level of financial performance, with the

following indicators: profitability and growth. The instrument is adapted from Ali &

Mukhongo (2016). The respondents will use a 5-point Likert scale, which ranges from

"Strongly Agree" to "Strongly Disagree" on a scale of 5 to 1, to express their responses.

The scale for interpreting the level of financial performance is as follows: Scale

Description

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Neutral

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

Range of Means Descriptive Level Interpretation

4.21 – 5.00 Very High This means that the food stall
is flourishing and making great
profit.
3.41 – 4.20 High This means that the food stall is
flourishing and making good
profit.

2.61 – 3.40 Moderate This means that the food stall is

doing good and making profit.

2.61 – 3.40 Low This means that the food stall is

bad but still making enough
profit.

2.61 – 3.40 Very Low This means that the food stall is
in worst shape and is not
making profit.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will first find the appropriate questionnaire to be adapted and will

pass it to the adviser, statistician, and panelists for verification. The researchers will make a

letter that is officially noted by the adviser and will send it to the mayor's office, requesting

permission to conduct the research within the designated area.

Upon receiving approval from the letter, the researchers will proceed to carry out the

survey. According to the study's aims and its context, a survey questionnaire will be created.

The researcher will conduct the study and inform the participants about its goals and

objectives.

Statistical Treatment

The following statistical methods will be used to total and process the data obtained

from the questionnaire:

 Frequency Count and Percentage. The frequency count is the number of times

a characteristic occurs. To obtain the percentage, the frequency in the respective category is

divided by the total number of participants, and the resulting value is then multiplied by

100%. These statistical techniques will be employed to ascertain the socioeconomic

characteristics of the respondents.

Mean. The mean is calculated by adding up all the values in a set of data and then

dividing that sum by the total number of values in the data. This will be utilized to assess the

effectiveness of budgetary control and evaluate the financial performance of food stalls in

Magsaysay Park, located in Tacurong City.

Pearson Product Moment Correlation. It is a statistical tool that evaluates how

strongly two variables are related. The Pearson-product moment correlation is used to

determine the best match between the data of the two variables. Selvanatha (2020) explains

that the Pearson correlation coefficient r demonstrates the distance of the data points from the

line of best fit. This will be utilized to establish the important link between budgetary control

and the financial performance of food stalls in Magsaysay Park in Tacurong City.
Table 1 Scale of Correlation Coefficient

Scale of Correlation Coefficient Value

0< r ≤ 0.19 Very Low Correlation

0.2 ≤ r ≤ 0.39 Low Correlation

0.4 ≤ r ≤ 0.59 Moderate Correlation

0.6 ≤ r ≤ 0.79 High Correlation

0.8 ≤ r ≤ 1.0 Very High Correlation