Introduction to Calculus 10

Reviewer for 2nd Quarter

▪ Derivatives
o Signifies the rate of change of the function f(x) with respect to x at a
point lying in its domain.

• Notations:

o F’(x) = “F prime of x”
o Y’ = “Y prime”
▪ Prime usually means First Derivative.
𝐷𝑥
o = “The derivative of y with respect to x”
𝐷𝑦

• Power Rule of Differentiation:

𝐷
o ሾ𝑥 𝑛 ሿ = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 Wherein 𝑛 = any real number.
𝐷𝑥
▪ Example:
𝐷
• 𝐷𝑥 ሾ𝑥 ሿ = 1 ; 𝑥 1−1 = 𝑥 0 = 1
• 𝑓 ሺ𝑥 ሻ = 𝑥 3 ; 𝑓 ′ ሺ𝑥 ሻ = 3𝑥 2
• Constant Rule:
𝐷
o ሾ𝐶 ሿ = 0 ; Wherein 𝐶 = Constant.
𝐷𝑥
▪ The Derivative of a Constant is always ZERO.

• Constant Multiple Rule:

𝐷
o ൣ𝑐൫𝑓ሺ𝑥 ሻ൯൧ = 𝑐 ሾ𝑓 ′ ሺ𝑥 ሻሿ ; Wherein 𝐶 = Constant
𝐷𝑥

Basic Electronics 10 – Reviewer ; 2nd Quarter Sofia Ann M. | 10 – Einstein ; TSHS

 • Sum & Difference Rules
𝐷
o 𝐷𝑥 ሾ𝑓 ሺ𝑥 ሻ + 𝑔ሺ𝑥 ሻሿ = 𝑓 ′ ሺ𝑥 ሻ + 𝑔′ሺ𝑥ሻ
▪ The Derivative of a sum is the sum of the derivatives.
o Alternatively,
▪ The Derivative of a difference is the difference of the derivatives.
• Product Rule
o If 𝑦 = 𝑓ሺ𝑥 ሻ ⋅ 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ
𝐷𝑥 ′
▪ Then
𝐷𝑦 = 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ ⋅ 𝑓 ሺ𝑥ሻ + 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ ⋅ 𝑔′ሺ𝑥ሻ
• Quotient Rule
𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ
o If 𝑦=
𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ
′
ቈ𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ⋅𝑓 ሺ𝑥ሻ+𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ⋅𝑔′ ሺ𝑥ሻ቉
𝐷𝑥
𝐷𝑦 =
▪ Then
𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ2
• “LoDHi Minus HiDLo all over the square of what’s below.”
• Chain Rule
o A Function inside of a Function
𝐷𝑦 𝐷𝑦 𝐷𝑢
o =
𝐷𝑥 𝐷𝑢 𝐷𝑥
𝐷 𝑛 𝑛−1
▪
𝐷𝑥 = ൤ቀ𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻቁ ൨ = 𝑛 ቀ𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻቁ ⋅ 𝑓′ሺ𝑥ሻ
𝐷
▪ = ሾ𝑓ሺ𝑔ሺ𝑥 ሻሻሿ = 𝑓 ′ ൫𝑔ሺ𝑥 ሻ൯𝑔′ሺ𝑥ሻ
𝐷𝑥
o Examples:
𝐷
▪ 𝐷𝑥 ሺ4𝑥 − 1ሻ3 = ሺ3ሻሺ4𝑥 − 1ሻ2 ሺ4ሻ = 12ሺ4𝑥 − 1ሻ2
• Chain Rule inside Product Rule:
𝐷
▪ = ሾ𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔ሿ = 𝑓 ′ 𝑔 + 𝑓𝑔′
𝐷𝑥
• Chain Rule inside Quotient Rule:
𝐷 𝑓 ൣ𝑔𝑓′ −𝑓𝑔′ ൧
▪ = ቂ ቃ =
𝐷𝑥 𝑔 𝑔2

Basic Electronics 10 – Reviewer ; 2nd Quarter Sofia Ann M. | 10 – Einstein ; TSHS