S.

Ponnusamy

Foundations of
Complex Analysis

With 99 Figures

John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd

Narosa Publishing House

Contents

Preface vii
List of symbols ix
Complex Numbers 1
§1.1 Definition of Complex Numbers 1
§1.2 Square roots 10
§1.3 Geometric Interpretation 14
§1.4 Rational Powers of a Complex Number 29
§1.5 Topology of the Complex Plane . 40
§1.6 Sequences and Series 50
§1.7 Stereographic Projection 62
§1.8 Exercises 72

Analytic Functions 83
§2.1 Functions, Limits and Continuity 83
§2.2 Differentiability Ill
§2.3 Power Series as an Analytic Function 135
§2.4 Exponential and Trigonometric Functions 152
§2.5 Complex Logarithms 159
§2.6 Inverse Functions 171
§2.7 Zeros of Analytic Functions 172
§2.8 Exercises , . 178
Complex Integration 191
§3.1 Curves in the Complex Plane 191
§3.2 Basic Properties of Complex Integral 200
§3.3 Winding Number or Index of a Curve 217
§3.4 Cauchy-Goursat Theorem 221
§3.5 Homotopy Version of Cauchy's Theorem 230
§3.6 Morera's Theorem 238
§3.7 Cauchy Integral Formula 242
xii Contents

§3.8 Laurent Series 259

§3.9 The Maximum Modulus Principle 270
§3.10 Schwarz' Lemma 275
§3.11 Liouville's Theorem 292
§3.12 Exercises 301-

4 Classification of Singularities 313

§4.1 Isolated and Non-isolated Singularities 313
§4.2 Removable Singularity 316
§4.3 Poles ..• . . 319
§4.4 Further Illustrations " 322
§4.5 Singularities at Infinity 329
§4.6 Analytic Continuation 335
§4.7 Exercises 343

5 Calculus of Residues , 347

§5.1 Residue at a Finite Point 347
§5.2 Residue at the Point at Infinity 366
§5.3 Residue Theorem 370
§5.4 Number of Zeros and Poles 376
§5.5 Rouche's Theorem 385
§5.6 Exercises . 398

6 Evaluation of Certain Integrals 407

§6.1 Integrals of Type f^+a R(cos6, sin 9)dB 408
§6.2 Integrals of Type / ^ f(x)dx 413
§6.3 Integrals of Type / ^ g(x) cos mxdx 433
§6.4 Singularities on Real Axis . . 437
§6.5 More on Using Rectangular Curves 446
§6.6 Estimation of Sums 450
§6.7 Exercises ,. 458
Index V 461