SENTENCE TYPES

In this report I will give some examples and explain some of the sentence types that are founf in this
chapter.

There are four sentence types: a statement, a question, an imperative, and an exclamation.

E.g. Statement: You lied to me. ( Giving information.)

Question: Do you lie to me? (Asking for information.)

Imperative: Lie to me. ( An order.)

Exclamation: What a bad lie! ( Expressing a feeling.)

A statement, a question and an imperative can be negative.

Besides the main use, some sentence types have other use slike asking for information, a request or
expressing good wishes.

The use of statements

The main use of a statement is to give information.

E.g. I cried last night.

It can express approval(You're doing the right thing), express sympathy(It was bad luck you didn't
pass the exam.), thanking someone(I'm very grateful.),asking for information(I want to know your
plans.) and give orders(I want you to check these figures.).

Performative verbs

Some present-simple verbs express what the use of the statement is. For example, we can say I
promise when we promise to do something.

E.g. I promise to do my homework.-promising

I apologise for telling her about your private life.- apologising

I predict they will get married.-predicting.

Examples of performative verbs are: admit, advise, agree, apologize, disagree, guarantee, insist,
object, predict, promise, protest, refuse, suggest, warn.

Negative statements

The negative statements correct a mistaken idea, such as the idea that the monster was called
Frankenstein. In- general, we use negative statements to inform someone that what they might
think or expect is not so.

Not with a verb

Not or n't comes after the auxiliary.

E.g. Some people have not seen the new movie.

If there is more than one auxiliary, not or n't comes after the first auxiliary.

E.g. I shouldn't have eaten that hamburger.

In simple tenses we use the auxiliary verb do.

E.g. I don't like that flavour.

Not in other positions

E.g. This is my mom, not my sister.

Not many people know about that song.

That road is not far away from here.

Other negative words: no,none,no-one,nothing,nowhere,never,no longer,hardly, ect.

Inversion after a negative phrase

A negative phrase can come in front position. Thi8-€ an-happen with phrases containing the words
no, never, neither, nor, seldom, rarely, hardly, and the word only. There is inversion of subject and
auxiliary.

E.g. Never in my life have I went to jail. ( I have never went to jail in my life.)

No way is informal,but in no way is more formal.

The imperative

The imperative is the base form of the verb. The negative is do not/don't+ base form, and for
emphasis we use do + base form.

E.g. Positive: Stay here.

Negative: Do not shout.

Emphatic: Do be careful.

Getting people to do things

We can get people to do tings by using would you, could you, would you mind if, i wonder if you
could and so on..

E.g. I wonder if you could help me with this task?

Imperative + question tag

We can use a positive tag after a positive imperative.

E.g. Come with me, will you?

The tag „can't you?“ after an imperative expresses annoyance or impatience.

E.g. Shut up, can't you?

In warnings, reminders and good wishes, the tag is won't you? after a positive imperative and will
you? after a negative.

E.g. Stay safe, won't you?

Let

Let's + verb expresses a suggestion.

E.g. Let's eat here. This is a nice place to eat.

Negative

E.g. Let's not shout.

Exclamations

An exclamation is any phrase or sentence spoken with emphasis and feeling.

E.g. Gosh!

Oh my God!

Stop!

Go away!

How and what can also be used.

E.g. How great of you!

What a bummer.