4 Types of Auxiliary Verbs You Should Master

In English, there are 4 types of auxiliary verbs, that be, do, have, and modals. You must master
the four types of verbs because you will use in the formation of tenses.

Well, if you have forgotten the auxiliary verb, below is a brief explanation :

1. Be
Be consist of am, are, is, was, and were. The table below shows the subjects and the forms.
Subjek Present Past
I am was
You/We/They are were
He/She/It is was
Example :

 I am a full time blogger.

 You are a student.
 The car was cleaned last week.
2. Do
The auxiliary verb do consist of do, does, and did. The auxiliary verb is used in negative
sentences and questions in verbal sentences, that's sententence which use verb. The table
below shows the subject and form.
Subjek Present Past
I/You/We/They do
did
He/She/It does
Example :
 She does not like ice cream.
 I do not know much about politics.
 They did not live in New York.
 Does she love me?
 Did you sleep well last night?
3. Have
Auxiliary verb consists of  have, has, and had. Its function is to make a sentence that states
something that already done (seperti pada present perfect tense). The table below shows the
subject in accordance with the auxiliary verb have.
 Subjek Present Past
I/You/We/They have
had
He/She/It has
Example :
 He has been a teacher since 1998.
 I have rented this car for two days.
 They had lived in Bandung for five years.
4. Modals
The fourth auxiliary verb is composed of modals can, must, may, should, and others. Its
function is to express mental attitudes, such as the ability, necessity, certainty, demand,
prohibition, and so on.

Modal Auxiliary
 Can,
  Must,  
 May, 
 Shall, 
 Will, 
 Should, 
 Would, 
 Could, 
 Might
 Ought to
is the auxiliary verb which is directly followed by a basic auxiliary verb (without "to"):
Example: can go; shall help; may come; will teach; should make, ought to help, and so on.

Auxiliary verbs (could, would, will) also be used for applications that are more polite, to
give advice or counsel, and to ask for permission. Consider the following example:

 Could you tell me something about it?

 You should do it right away.
 You may sit here. (May also can be used for prediction. But the speaker in here still unsure about the
fact.)

Example :
 It may rain tomorrow.
Another examples :
 I can swim well.
 She might help you now.
 They will visit you, I think.
 My friends may tell you that I am here.
For negative sentences, You just need to add NOT after Auxiliary verb :
  She can not swim yet.
 Sorry. I will not do it.
 You may not sit here.
 He should not do it.
Most Modal Auxiliary often abbreviated in conversation :
I can't do it now.
You won't be able to see her.
They shouldn't have told her about it.

To make interrogative sentence, you just need to move the Auxiliary

verb in front of the sentence which asked:
 Can you help me?
 Should I do it alone?
 May she go now?
 Might there be a problem later?
Modal Auxiliary CAN'T most used as "probability". For the easier let's take a look at the explanation :

 She can't be poor. (It is impossible she is poor. It is probably based on the fact that she
has a lot of houses and cars)
 He can't be here. (No way he's here. This is probably based on the fact he spoke when
you are abroad or elsewhere)
For probability in the past it used HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE. 
Example:
 She can't have been here last night. (It is impossible She is here today. For example she
was in my house last night.)
 I can't have failed this test.(Impossible I failed in this test. In fact I failed but I believe I
should pass.)
 She can't have loved you. In fact, she has left you. (She could not love you. In fact he has
left).

Look carefully at the conversation below :

Lutfi   : Budi spent the night with me last night.

Fitri    : He can't have spent the night with you last night. He and I went to the beach and we stayed there till
dawn.

MUST and MAY also used as "probability".

 John must be rich. or in the other words "I am sure John is rich.
 John may be rich. or we can say. Perhaps, John is rich.
Probability for the event in the past used HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE:

 He must have been here last night. (I am sure he was here last night.)
 She may have phoned you. (Maybe, he phoned you.)
SHALL
Often used in spoken English or in conversation to give the bid, for example, help or something that you can do
for others.
Example:
 Shall I open the window?
  Shall we wait here?
 Shall I call you this evening?
 Shall I carry your bag?

Shall also be used in a formal atmosphere (especially British English) to

declare the activities in the future. Remain subject I or WE.
Exampple:
 I shall be away for a couple of weeks.
 We shall be back next month.
 I shall marry you next year.
 He shall become a good father.
In formal documents SHALL be used to express a command or necessity.
 Payment shall be made in cash.
 All contracts shall be signed before December 31st.
 Employees shall make monthly reports.
OUGHT followed by infinitive with TO the usefulness for:

 Provide recommendations or suggestions.

 Assumptions or estimates.
 A strong possibility.

1. You ought to trust your friend.

2. He ought to be chosen as one of the participants.
3. We ought to get salary rise next month.
In question ought move in to the front of the subject.
Example: 
 Ought I to stay here waiting for you all?
 Ought he to get promoted this year?
 Ought the price of rice to increase next week?
The negative sentence of OUGHT TO is OUGHTN'T or OUGHT NOT can be follow by TO or without TO.
Example:
 You oughtn't to do it yourself. Atau You ought not do it yourself
 She ought not jog because she's not fully recovered yet.
 Oughtn't you get promoted?
OUGHT TO+PAST PARTICIPLE
 You ought to have done it yesterday.
 She ought to have been sent abroad.

WOULD + INFINITIVE

Would also can be used to tell the habit from the past.

 When I was a kid, I would go out to the hill with my friends. Then after that, we would go down the
river to swim.
 When I was a student, my mother would often tell me not to go back home late. She would ask me to
be careful when I went out alone.
 What would you often do when you lived in Mexico?
Would like above can't be used if we just used it to say:
  I would live in the village. "I used to live in the village."

Would also used in polite request. Particularly used against people if we do not know well.
Example: Would you call a taxi for me?Would you like me to tell him about it?