MCR3U 1.

1 Functions & Function Notation Filled

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Functions vs Relations
CIVIC can you
Question 1: If I tell you the model of a car, ______,
HONDA
tell me the maker of the car? ________

Example:
The model is an Impala, therefore the maker is CHEVROLET
The model is a Corolla, therefore the maker is TOYOTA

NISSAN can you

Question 2: If I tell you the maker of a car _______,
tell me the model of the car? NO !

Example:
The maker is Ford, therefore a model is EXPLORER
The maker is Ford, therefore another model is FOCUS
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Section 1.1: Relations, Functions & Function Notation

In math, when we have a single output for a given input, we

say we have a FUNCTION.
A relation in which each element of the independent variable (x)
corresponds to only one element of the dependent variable (y)

All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions!!

Functions and relations can be represented:

1) Graphically (Graph)
2) Numerically (Table of Values or Mapping Diagram)
3) Algebraically (Equation)
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1) Graphs:
Vertical Line Test: if a vertical line passes through 2 or more points
at any location along the x­axis, then the relation is NOT a function.
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2) Table of Values (TOV)

If a single x­value corresponds to 2 or more y­values, then the
relation is NOT a function.
*look for repeated x­values in the table*
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Mapping Diagrams
If a single input maps to 2 or more outputs, then the relation
is NOT a function.
* look for more than one arrow coming from an input *

Examples Non­Examples
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Function or Not?
Explain. Does the graph pass the vertical line test?

YES YES NO
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Function or Not?
Explain. Does each x­value correspond to only one y­value?

YES YES

NO NO
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Function or Not?
Explain.Does each input map to only one output?

YES NO

YES NO
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3) Equations: Function Notation

We use the notation f(x) to represent a function,
where x is the input and f(x) is the output.
f(x) is read "f of x" or "f at x"
f(x) replaces the "y" in a function equation

f(x) does NOT mean f times x

f(x) = x f(x) = x2 f(x) = x3 f(x) = |x|

f(x) = 2x f(x) = 1 f(x) = √x f(x) = sin(x)
x

Example: If f(x) = 3x ­ 1 and g(x) = x2, determine

d) f(1) ­ 2g(2) e) x, if f(x) = 29

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Examples:

1. Given f(x) = 2x ­ 5

Evaluate.

a) f(1) = 2 (1) ­ 5 b) f(­3) c) 2f(5)

= 2 ­5 = 2 ( ­3) ­ 5 = 2 [ 2 ( 5) ­ 5]
= ­3 = ­ 11 =2[5 ]
= 10
2. Given f(x) = x2 + 3x ­ 2 and g(x) = 2x ­ 5

a) 5g(x) b) f(x+1) c) ­3g(x) + 1

d) g(f(x)) e) f(g(x))