TERMINATION: Refers to the conversation
ORAL COM Q2
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES: More on
“How”
- To maintain/ establish relationship
7 TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGIES
NOMINATION: The speaker initiate to open a
topic for a conversation.
EX. Let us talk about I would like to talk about
Today, I'm going to discuss
RESTRICTION (Ordering): Refers to any
LIMITATION you may have as a speaker
given specific instruction (key word: instruction,
ordering, giving limitation.)
TURN TAKING: People are given equal
Opportunity to talk because other take much
time during the conversation.
EX. Do you have any suggestion? I would like
to hear your idea, what is your say?
TOPIC CONTROL: Covers how procedural
formality and informality affects development of
topics in conversation
EX. You said that you like milk chocolates, but
you also stated that dark chocolates taste
good. So, do you know that all chocolates are
based from a single ingredient called cacao?
TOPIC SHIFTING: Involves moving from one
topic to another
EX. I found a treasure chest, and it’s heavy!
WOW! That’s amazing-where did you find it?
REPAIR: Refers on how speakers address the
problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation
EX. The correct pronunciation of Nike is not
nayk but nayki.
participants’ close-initiating remarks that end a
topic in a communication process.
EX.See you around then, Let’s chat some
more when I see you again., I just need to rush
this, would that be, okay? Goodbye and thank
you Mr.Moloboco
SPEECH CONTEXT: The context affects the
way people communicate, which results in
various speech styles.
INTRAPERSONAL: Refer to communication
that center on one person (The message is
made up of your thoughts and feelings)
INTERPESONAL: Refers to communication
between and among people and establishes
personal relationship between and among
them.
INTIMATE: Private, occurs between close
family members or individuals, Language used
in this style may not be shared in public.
CASUAL: Common among peers & friends,
they use jargon, slang, vernacular language
CONSULTATIVE: Expert, Counselling,
Professional
FORMAL: Used in formal setting, one way
FROZEN: Frozen in time and remained
unchanged (Lords prayer, Allegiance to flag)
TYPES OF SPEECH PURPOSE
INFORMATIVE SPEECH: provides the
audience with a clear understanding of a topic.
• Reports, • lectures, • training seminars, •
demonstrations
ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH: meant to
entertain the audience instead of solely
informing them.
Stand-up comedy • Performers
PERSUASIVE SPEECH: is given with the
intention of convincing the audience to believe
or do something.
Campaigns
TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO
DELIVERY
EXTEMPORANEOUS: A well-prepared speech
that relies on research, clear organization, and
practiced delivery, but is neither read nor
memorized.
IMPROMPTU: is given with little or no
preparation, yet almost always with some
advanced knowledge on the topic. This is
sometimes referred to as "on the spot" or "spur
of the moment"
MANUSCRIPT: reading a pre-written speech
word by word
MEMORIZED: is when a speaker commits an
entire speech to memory.
MODIFIER: are words that modify the
meanings of sentences. They can be single
words, phrases, or clauses.
- An expression that limits or describes
another word or phrase
EX. Little boats
SENTENCE FRAGMENT: a group of words
that looks like a sentence, but actually isn’t a
complete sentence. Sentence fragments are
usually missing a subject or verb, or they do
not express a complete thought. While it may
be punctuated to look like a complete
sentence, a fragment cannot stand on its own.
it is missing a subject
Example: Ran to the store faster than a rabbit.
(Who ran?)
It is missing a verb or has the wrong verb
form
Example: My favorite history teacher. (What
did the teacher do or say?)
It is a leftover phrase
Example: For better or worse. (What is better
or worse? What is it modifying?)
It is an abandoned clause
Example: When my mother married my father.
(What happened when “my mother married my
father?”)
It is a misuse of “such as, for example,
especially,” etc.
Example: Such as, my brother was practicing
martial arts. (It is unclear; did something
happen when my brother was practicing martial
arts?)
RUN-ON SENTENCE: A sentence is two or
more sentences incorrectly written as one
sentence. To correct a run-on, write separate
sentences or combine sentence (When
combining two sentences use conjunction
(and, but, or, for) and use a comma before the
conjunction.
EX. Welty wrote novels she wrote essays.
Welty wrote novels, she wrote essays.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: grammatical
rule that the verb or verbs in a sentence must
match the number, person, and gender of the
subject
- If the subject is plural, the verb must be
plural.
- If the subject is singular, the subject
must be singular
SUBJECT: The main person, animal, object, or
thing in the sentence
VERB: The action or state of being in the
sentence.
CYCNICAL: deeply distrustful. cynical implies
having a sneering disbelief in sincerity or
integrity. (EX. Marie was cynical when Vienalyn
say “I already move on”)
STIGMA: negative attitude or idea about a
mental, physical, or social feature of a person
or group of people that involved social
disapproval. (Ex. Mental health stigma)