Tides

1. The falling and rising of sea levels which are formed by the interaction of
the gravity of the Sun and Moon are called tides.
2. High tides: The rise of ocean water in coastal areas is called high tides.
3. Low tides: The fall of ocean water in coastal areas is called low tides.

High tide occurs when:

1. The tides are highest if the phase of the moon is new or full.
2. When the moon is directly overhead, high tides can occur before or after.
 Energy

There are different forms of energy on Earth. The sun is considered the
elemental form of energy on Earth. In physics, energy is considered a property
that can be transferred from an object to perform work. Hence, we can define
energy as the strength to do any kind of physical activity. Thus, in simple words,
we can define energy as,

Energy is the ability to do work

According to the laws of conservation of energy, “ energy can neither be

created nor destroyed but can only be converted from one form to
another”. The standard unit of energy is Joule.

There are different types of Energy -

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the object’s motion. Objects in
motion are capable of causing a change or are capable of doing work. To better
understand, let us think of a wrecking ball. A wrecking ball in motion is used to do
work such as the demolition of buildings, stones, etc.

Chemical energy

Chemical energy is energy, including atoms and molecules, contained in the

bonds of chemical compounds. When a chemical reaction takes place, this
energy is released. When those bonds are broken, the energy is released. This
can be used to do work, such as moving an object or heating something up.
Chemical energy can converted into other forms of energy, such as electrical
energy or heat energy.

Thermal energy

Thermal energy is the energy that comes from the temperature of matter. The
hotter the substance, the more is the vibration of molecules and hence the higher
is the thermal energy.

Elastic potential energy

Elastic potential energy is the potential energy stored by stretching or

compressing an elastic object by an external force such as the stretching of a
spring. The amount of energy stored is proportional to the amount stretched or
compressed, as in, the more the amount of stretch, the greater is the energy
stored.
Gravitational potential energy

Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position
above Earth, energy due to its height. We know this energy exists because it
takes effort to lift an object up to a height and also because when we release an
object, it falls, gaining kinetic energy.

Electrical energy

Electrical energy is energy that's stored in charged particles within an electric

field. Electric fields are simply areas surrounding a charged particle. In other
words, charged particles create electric fields that exert force on other charged
particles within the field. The electric field applies the force to the charged
particle, causing it to move - in other words, to do work.

Light

Light energy is a kind of kinetic energy capable of allowing various forms of lights
visible to the human eyes. Light is known as a type of electromagnetic radiation
produced by hot objects such as lasers, bulbs and sunlight

Sound energy

Sound energy is the energy that we create when sound waves move outward
from a vibrating article or sound source. Furthermore, these waves are
wellsprings of weight that travel through the air, water, or different materials like
metal or wood.
Changes in energy

An energy transformation is the change of energy from one form to another. Energy
transformations occur everywhere every second of the day. There are many different
forms of energy such as electrical, thermal, nuclear, mechanical, electromagnetic,
sound, and chemical. Because the law of conservation of energy states that energy is
always conserved in the universe and simply changes from one form to another, many
energy transformations are taking place constantly.

Examples of Energy Transformations:

1. A toaster transforms electrical energy into thermal energy.
2. A blender transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy.
3. The sun transforms nuclear energy into ultraviolet, infrared, and gamma energy all
forms of electromagnetic energy.
4. Our bodies convert chemical energy from food into mechanical and electrical energy
to allow us to move.
5. A natural gas stove converts chemical energy from burning into thermal energy used
to cook food.