Al Art Short Notes

G .C .E .
A d v a n c e d L e v e l A R T
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY

Ñ;% l,dj
w' fmd' i' Wiia fm<
iïmQ¾K úIh ks¾foaYh wdjrKh l<
flá igyka fmd;
Wiia fm< úNd.h iòyd iQodkï ¥ orejkg
© Mahinda Rajapaksa
Cover Pain ng-The sun rise-Claude Monet

DO NOT PUBLISH ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Not For Sale
w' fmd' i' Wiia fm< Ñ;% l,d úIhg fmkS isák ¥ orejka iòyd myiqfjka lreKq
wdj¾ckh lr .ekSu ms‚i ilia l< iïmQ¾K úIh ks¾foaYh wdjrKh l< flá
igyka fmd;ls' w;sf¾l lreKq fmd;m; lshùfuka imhd .kak' Tng ch'
fuh jdksc mrud¾:fhka msgm;a lr úlsŒu imqrd ;ykïh'

wkq wxlh
rg
ku l,d jHdmdrh$l,dj iqúfYaaI;d fyda wdNdih ks¾udK$l,d ,laIK
,xld l,d ix.uh" Ydi; a %d,hSh

1. ta' iS' cS' tia' wurfialr h:d¾:jdoh" fmros.jdoh yd hlÿrdf.a oshKsh" jvqjdf.a f.or
úÑ;%doaN+;jdoh
,xld l,d ix.uh ,xld l,d ix.uh" Ydi; a %d,hSh fcrei,ug we;=¨ úSu" hym;a
2. fâúâ fmakg
a ¾ h:d¾:jdoh iuß;dkqjrhd
,xld l,d ix.uh" Ydi; a %d,hSh
fca'ã' ta' fmf¾rd k<`.k" iS;d o fir
a ï

3. h;d¾¾:jdoh
,sf;da uqøK" fn!oO a is;=jï
mqk¾cSjkh" ßpâ fykß a lia f.a
4. tï' id¾,sia uydudhd foaúf.a isyskh" irK ux.,Hh
wdNdih" hqfrdmSh iajdNdúljdoS
ffY,h s
kQ;k fn!oO a i; s =jï l,dj"
20 jk ishjfia fn!oO
a
hqfrdmh S iajdNdúljdoS ffY,h s "
is;=jï l,dj nqÿka uyh
s x.Khg jevu ùu" Y%S mdo
5. fid,
a sia uekaosia kkao,d,a fndi a a f.a wdNdih"
,dxPkh my s sgqùu
fmro. s l,d ,laIK yd ÿUqre
meyefha mf % Nao
kQ;k fn!oO a i; s =jï l,dj"
6. fidaunkÿa úoHdm;s irK ux.,Hh" udr mrdch
Y%S ,xldj
kkao,d,a fndi a af.a wdNdih

yskaÿ l,dj-Y%S ,xldj fgïmrd is;=jï" j¾K u.k s a
7. kdrdhK iajdñ iqr iïydrï" wixldir
q iïydrï
;%SudK nj fmkaùu
43 lKavdhu kQ;k l,d m%fhda. weiß q ka N+
8. yeÍ mß
S ia WmiaÓ;sjdoh" mYapd;a o¾Yk weoSu ffck Njk" bkøadKS
WmiaÓ;sjdoh" t,a f.f % lda yd fudkã a h
% dka f.a
9. whj
s ka mÍ
S ia jkuD.jdoh" >ksljdoh" l,d ,laIK wdmiq tau" .,l
a siai
m%ldYkjdoh" vdvdjdoh"
wê;d;aúljdoh" jia;+kaf.a iajNdjh úlD;s lsÍu" rka ud¨jd iy .eyeKq <uhd" levm; <`.
10. ciá
a ka oerKh
s ., m%ldYkjdoS nj
wkd.;jdoh" .eyeKsh
NdjrEmsljdoh" wu¾q ; iajdNdúl;ajh fkdhslaujQ
jdoh" Y+kHjdoh wdoS 20 {dkjka; yd {dkjk;
a fkdjk
11. ßpâ f.aìf
% h,a ffY,. s ; nj" .eñ yd l; s =Kq
ishjfia hqfrdm
a h
S l,d ldk;
a dfjda" lu;
f;aud
m%jK;djka f.a wdNdih iajdNdúl yd m%lD;s nj
12. ví' fca' cS' î,sx ,eîh' ffY,. s ; iajrEmhg fmr,u S whi
s l
a %Sï lr;a;h" ksYap, øjH iïmsKavkh
>ksljdoS wdNdih" iq,,; s f¾Ldj"
13. fcda¾ca lSÜ yskaÿ ñ:Hd l;d yd wd.ñl udr mrdch" Nsu yd cikoa
f;aud
idïm%odhsl Ñ;% mg s m;a lÍ s u"
14. t,a' à' mS' uxcq YS% úhl q ;
a l,d ,laIK m;a;sks foajd,h" ldka;d rEmh
Mahinda Rajapaksa [MFA UoK, BA (Hons) sp Uok, PGDE with Merit UoP] 1|
Page
1. ig
a ek,
a s wfíisxy Y%S ,dxlh
S l,dfõ k; Q k fmda,a fiiEk"a u;i S "a mslefida yd ls`ÿßhf.a kegqu" ;dreKH yd fn,ySk;ajh
m%ldYkh yd hfq rdmh
S foAYSh idïm%odhsl l,dfõ
l,d m%jK;djkaf.a wdNdih
2. ta' ud¾la wdNdih >ksljdoS ,laIK" úhqla; kï fkdl<" ñki
s d iy n,a,ka
Y%S ,xldj
,lI a K" bj;,k øjH Ndú;h
3. ;siai rKixsy jd;a;= lsÍu" r¨ jhkh" ÿIalr l%shdj" uySIf.a urKh
iajdNdúl;ajh neyer lsÍu"
w;sYfhdl a ;a sfhka wx. kr s EmKh
4. tÉ' ta' lreKdr;ak weußldkq úhl q a; m%ldYkjdoh" cSú;fha WKi
q qu" kï fkdl< u¾
q ;sh
ñY% udOH" fld,dca" ;Ska;
j;la sÍfï Wml%u wdos Ndú;h
rdcd rúj¾ud wek.
a f
a ,da-bkaoSh bkaoSh jia;=úIh hf q rdm
a h
S iriaj;S" bkaøcs;f
a .a ch.%yKh

5.
Ydi; a d%,hhS l,d ,laIK u`.ska
ksrEmKh
6. wnkSkøakd;a :df.d¾
a bkaoSh kj cSjk fud. a ,a" rcm a q;a" yd Ök cmka Ndr; ud;d" wfYdal foaúh yd fndê
a h
jHdmdrh" hqfrdamSh l,dfõ ,laIK Ndú;h" fnx.d,S
Ydi;a d%,hh
S l,d Í;Skag .=re l=,h
7. kkao,d,a fndi
a a tfrysj fmros. l,d wcka;d yd t,f a ,dard l,d Ysj ji îu" rdOdf.a úryj
bkaoshdj
,lIa K W;al¾Ihg wdNdih" fi!uH j¾K" cHdñ;sl

ke`.Su jHqy wdlD;s Ndú;h
8. cñks frdh
a S 20 ishjfia bkaoSh ckl,d wdNdih" hqfrdamSh kQ;k uj iy orejd" n<,d iy fmdlsßii
a d
kQ;kjdoS l,dj l,d ffY,h s g bkaoSh
iajfoaYShl;ajh wdfoaYkh"
me;e,s j¾K" ir< rEm">k f¾Ld
9. wïß;d Y¾.s,a .eyeKqka yd .eyeKq <uqka f;aud" .eyeKq <uqka ;sfokd" ukd,h
s f.a osh
NdjrEmS udkj rE" WmiaÓ;sjdoS yd W,ay,
mYapd;a WmiaÓ;sjdoS l,d ,laIK"
f.d.Ekaf.a j¾K ffY,h s
Page
wkqrdOmqr wjêfha Ñ;% l%s j 5-7 jk ishjig wh;h a '
l,dj" wmros. fj<ò úh<s nodu u; weòs njg
iïnkO a ;d úoHd;aul yd ;¾ldkl Q ,
+ idOl
ldk; a d rE ji;a = úIh ù we;' j¾. foll
we;' i. S ß
s is;=jï iòyd f;,a ñY%
ldk; a dfjda fjhs' k, s a yd ly meyefhka
idhï Ndú; lr we;' nodu ;Ügq
tajd j¾K .kajd we;' ukd ia;%S ,d,s;H
lsysmhla fhdod iqug ;,hla
fmkajd we;' ;reK yd uy¨ ldka;djka o
ilia fldgf.k we;' i. S ß
s .S
ksrEmKh lr we;' iEu rEmhlau
10. i.
S sßh wkqj úYd, is;j = ï m%udKhla ;snQ
wdNrKfhka iqieoh s ' j¾K u`.ska ;%sudK
njg idlaIs we;' fmros.
,lI a K fmkajd we;' j¾K m%fNao Ndú;
iïNdjH l,d ,laIK fmkajhs'
lr we;' md%K m¾ Q K f¾Ld lrKh úYsIg a h'
wcka;d yd Nd.a bkaoh S l,dj
ks,a j¾Kh mg s ráka wdkhkh lf<a h'
WodyrK fõ' is.Sß is;=jï ms<sno

^,emsia ,eiq,s$w,ag%dueÍka ks,a&
mrKú;dk" fn,a" l=udriajdñ"
ud¾áka úl%uisxy wdoSyq woyia
olaj;s'
l%s j 6-7 ishjig wh;ah' noqaO
Y%S ,xldj
rEmhla is;=jug ke.s m<uq ol=Kmq i nqoO

a rEmh ú;¾l uqødfjka o
wjia:dj h' .,a ;,dfõ we;=<; jïmi nqoaO rEmh m%;s.y
% K uqødfjkao
lgdrï fldgfia iqúi,a Ñ;%hl ksrEms;h' j¾Kj,g m%uqL;ajhla oS we;'
11. ysò.,
fYaIhls' nqoaO rEm folla fYaIj f¾Ldj ms<sno wvq ie,els,a,ls' Öjrh
we;' ;mii a Nq ,a¨l ú<o ó meKs taldxY l< nqÿ rej wfkla rEm j,g jvd
odkh yd iyïm;s ny % auhdf.a úYd,h'
wdrdOkh f,i f;aud folls'
l%s j 5-7 ishjig wh;ah' mr q eI mQreI rej fndaêi;aj rejla úh yel' mqreI
rEmhla yd i; a %S rEmhla fYI a j rej i; a %S rejg jvd úYd,h' tneúka mQckh S
12. f.dkdf.d,,
a we;' Wki q qï j¾K ud,djla rejla úh h; q =h' mrq eI rEmfha msgq mi /ia
fhdod we;' uydhdk ixl,m a hla j<,a,ls' i; a %S rej wxc,S uøqdfjka hl q a;h'
úoHdudk fõ' wef.a ysi kd. i<lK = la iys; Tgqkakls'
l%s j 9-11 ih s jig wh;ah' f;audj nqÿyq fndaê jDlaIhla wi, jev ià s ' uo
nqoaO;ja hg iïnkaOh' iskyfjka hq;a nqÿ h' Öjrh taldxYh'
uyshx.K Od;= .¾Nfha ljdldr /ia j<,a,ls' ,d,; s Huh f,i
13. is;=jï ksrEmKh lr we;s úIK a q foúh' w;a i;rla
iys;j u,a jÜáhla ord isá' ishqï f¾Ldj
u.ska ;d;aú; yd ,d,; s H nj fmkajhs'
Page
fmdf,dkakre wjêfha l%s j 12 ihs jig wh;ah' ;j
s xl
is;=jï" øúv n,mEu ms<suf.hys is;=jï fldgia ;=kla .¾N .Dyfha we;s nqÿyq ixlii a mqrg jevu
hgf;a i: a dk.; lr we;' Ndyr s ùu ,d,s;Huh wdldrfhka olajd we;'
fldgi fndaêi;aj wjêhg;a ;sjxl bßhõjls' ol=K;ska ú;¾l uqødjh'
uOH fldgi osjH wjêhg;a wka;rd,fha we;s foajdrdOkdj Wiia
14. ;sjxl ms<suf.a i;
s =jï wNHka;rh nqoaO;ajhg;a fjka iïNdjH ,laIK m< s sìUq lrhs' ishqï f¾Ld
fldg we;' .¾N .Dyh yd lrKh úYsIg a h' uKv a mh fldgfia úúO
wka;rd,fhys is;j = ï bme/Ks ld, j,oS wòsk ,o cd;l l;d fjhs' tj a d
wjêhg wh;ah' tajd iïNdjH iïNdjH ,laIK fkdfmkj a hs'
,lI a K fmkajhs' wfkla i; s =jï f¾LdlrKhg m%uqL;ajhla oS we;'
yS ffY,sh uykqjr iïm%odh h'

fmdf,dkakre wjêfha 12 ihs jig wh;a h' f,k ;=< u,la w;ska .;a n%dyauk rejls' fya os.=
is;=jï we;s nqÿ ms<suhg fomiska we;s /jq,lska hqla;h' rYañ ud,djla iys; foj a
W;;
a rdrduh$.,a
15. ;Sre foll weò we;s i;s =jul rEmhls' úYd, i;s =jul fldgila f,i
úydrfha is;=jï
fYaIhka we;' fYaIj we;' f¾Ldj flakøaShj f.dvk.d
we;'
12 ihs jig wh;a h' .=yd foll
fYaIj we;s i; s =jï h' wxl 1 f¾LdlrKh" ffY,sh w;ska ;sjxl m< s suf.a
udrd ùohs is;j
= ï" .=ydfõ nqÿrejla o wxl 2 .=ydfõ is;=jï j,g iudkh' fjii a ka;r cd;lfha
16. osU,
q d., ii cd;lh yd fjii a k; a r úh yels njg wkqudk is;j = ï fldgil
cd;lfha úh yels fldgila o wef;l= fl<fs ,d,a wdldrfhka olajd we;'
fõ'
uykqjr iïmo%dfha rdcH wk. q %yh ,eîu" ffY,. s ; 18-19 ih s jig wh;a h' f,ka úydrhls'
is;=jï ^Wvrg ffY,sh& nj" wLKav l:k ffY,sh" fojr.ïfmd< is,j a ;; a ek" fof a õkaø
miìq u iòyd r;= fyda .=re uQ,dpdÍ" ysßhdf,a khf s o"a kS,.u mgnekaod
Y%S ,xldj
j¾Kh" me;e,s j¾K Ndú;h" hk is;; a re' fjiaika;r cd;lh

ixfla;d;aul nj" m¾hdjf,dl a h fojr.ïfmd< is,j a ;a;ek weò we;' N+ñ
17. fo.,f
a odrej úydrh fkdi,ld yeÍu" ffY,. s ; j,d iam¾I uqødfjka we;s nqÿka udrmrdch lÍ s u
l=¨" .ia iòyd wkkH;djla úhka ;,fha we;' nqÿkag mg s q miks a
fkdue;s ùu" yi s a ;eka mr s ùug ffY,. s ; fndê a jDlI a hhs' ;jlalj = la w;ska
isxy, WoN a so ie/is,s u,a Ndú; .;a udr rEmh ld,Sk foaYmd,k iudc
lsÍu" f;audj my,ska oelù a u" mßirh fmkajhs' ih s qï f¾Ld lrKh
wdldY m¾hdjf,dlkh Ndú; úYsIagh'
lsÍu" Ndyr s f¾Ldj" w,f a mÉ a P 18 ihs jfia fojk Nd.hg wh;a h' geïmsg
nj" idudkH ck m%cdj úydrhls' miq ìu iòyd .=re meyh Ndú;
wduka;%Kh" nqoaO rEm yd foaj lr we;' fjii a k;a r" Wr. wdoS cd;l l;d
rEm bosß fmkqug weòSu" wfkla fõ' i;a i;sh" ry;a fmryer"
18. ueofj, geïmsg úydrh rEm me;s fmkqug weòSu" ;,h fidf<diauia:dk o úhka ;,fha ffu;%S
;Sre j,g fnod is;=jï lrKh fndaê i;ajhska foúhka i;a fofklg = O¾u
fmdÿ ,laIKfhda fj;a' ul=¨ foaYkd lrk whqre olajd we;' fuu lv = d
ueá$r;a yß s h,a$lelK = oe<$sks,a ukaosrh is;=jfuka ix.Dys;h'
Page
wjßh$f.dlgq lß s idhï udOH 18 ihs jig wh;a h' f,ka úydrhls'
ùu" khs ò f;,a, yd f,ak uú,a foajrdc f,k" rcuyd úydrh" w¨;a
f;,,a Ndú;h" is;j = u u;= msáka úydrh" fojk w,; q a úydrh" mYaÑu w¨;a
j,s;a;s wdf,ma lsÍu olakg we;' úydrh f,i f,ka 5 ls' k, S .u ;=vm;g
wkqj kS,.u mrïmrdj fuys i; s a;re fj;s'
nqÿka udr mrdch" úchdj;rKh"
19. oUq,,
a úydrh uyskaod.ukh" YS% uyd fndê a h jevu ùu yd
uyskaod.ukh fuys f;ajd fõ' nqoaO pß;h
yd foaj rEm o wguia:dk o weò we;s
is;=jï h' nqoaO rEm j¾K; s h' tj a d jgd
w,xldr mN % d uKav,hls' wfkd; a ma;ú,
is;=ju wdldY m¾hdjf,dl a khg

WodyrKhls' ulr f;drK h'
uykqjr iïmo%dfha 19 jeks ij s hi' ^pre modern era& 19 ishjfia ueo Nd.hg wh;a is;j = ï we;'
is;=jï ^my; rg úia;rd;aul ,laIK" nyq j¾K" lfvd,. a ,a, is;; a r mrïmrdj úik s a is;=jï
ffY,h s & miì q u iòyd l¨ yd k, s a Ndú;h" weò we;' uyOk isgq mq;a l;dj'
ysia wjldY fkdue;s ùu" ;%SudK fjiaika;r l;dj" lÜGydÍ l;dj"
20. l;¨fõ m¾
Q jdrduh
,lI a K fmkaùu" YdL mgdpdrd l;dj f;audjka h' m%Odk
wkkH;dj,ska hl q ;
a ùu" udkj fodrgf q õ úlf a gdß a hd /cskf.a rejls'
bßhõ ixl¾ S Kj oelaùu" hf q rdm
a Sh m%S;f
s hka l,a f.jk uyOk isgm q q;a tjl
.Dy NdKav" .Eia ,dïmq" ì;a;s m%N+ iudcfha me;s lvla fõ'
Trf,di a "q .Dyk¾ s udK oelaùu" f,ka úydrhls' rcuyd úydrh kï ms<su
m¾hdjf,dl a kh oelaùu" lD;%su f.hs i; s =jï bme/Kh s ' f;a,m;a;
j¾Kl Ndú;h" úi; a rd;aul cd;lh$isú cd;lh$fjiaika;r cd;lh
Y%S ,xldj
21. uq,a.sß., úydrh fudi a a;r iy; s we`ÿï me,e`ÿï" m%Odk f;aud h' f;a,m;a; cd;lfha
ysia wjldY iòyd fmryer o¾Ykh m%isoO a i; s =juhs' tys rnka
frdi a $ños$fld%agka jeks Ydl jhk ldka;dfjda fj;a' hf q rdm a h
S we`ÿï
fhoSu fmdÿ ,laIK fjhs' my; j,ska Tjqka ii q eosh'
rg úydr l¾udka;h iòyd úhk; a , ie/i, s , a yd fmreyer o¾Ykh
tjlg Okj;a m%N+ka f.a wkq.%yh jeo.;ah' nqoaO pß;h" uyd ckl cd;lh"
,eîu úfYaI;ajhls' Tjqkaf.a ksñ cd;lh" lÜGydÍ cd;lh" Losrx.dr
reÑh ^Taste& úydr l¾udk; a h cd;lh" uKsfpdr a cd;lh" Wïu.. a
22. lr.ïmá
s h if
q ndO
a drduh bos lÍ s fïoS we;< = ;a jQ nj fmfka' cd;lh l;d ji; a +kah' ngysr l,d ,laIK
fndfyda úydr hf q rdamSh fmkajk Wïu.. a cd;lh hs' ksñ cd;lh
.Dyks¾udK ffY,sfhka hl q a;h' weo tys wre; lúfhkao olajd we;' nÿq
isß;g wh;a l;d f,i isÿy;a Wm;" jma
u.=," udr hqoO a h wdoS oelú a h yel'
Page
ì%;dkH rdcH ,dxPkh m%Odk ms<su f.j,a folls' me/Ks m< s su f.hs
fodrgqj by,ska olk
a g we;' is;=jï Wvrg iïm%odhg wh;a h' kj
ms<Suf.hs is;=jï my;rg iïm%odhg wh;h a '
f;,aj;a;
kj m< s suf.hs nqÿO pß;h" foajO¾U
23. úydrh$f;dg.uq rka m;a
cd;lh" p, q a, o¾umd, cd;lh jeks l;d
úydrh
jia;+ka h' w,q;a úydr f.hs we;s ldufoaj
fyj;a wkx. m%;sudj úr< ks¾udKhls'
is;jï ys hf Q rdamSh ,laIK we;'
mqkreo l,dj" .%Sl udkj .Ks;uh wkqmd; mokïj oDYH

jdoh yd fi!kao¾h wruK q q msyg
s ù
q u" ;%SfldK a dldr
fudkd,i
S d" wjidk fNdack ix.y
% h" m¾j;
24. ,h
s kd¾fvda od úki
a s ms<snò Ñk;a kh kej; wdlD;sh" udkj foayfha
uia;lfha foaj uEKf
s hda
fidhd hdu" kj fj<ò ldhjHjÉfPoal ,laIK fmkaùu"
mx;h s l wdrïNh" iOQ.uk Wml%uh" w`ÿre j¾K
Okjdofha ke.Su" uQ¾;s l,dj u`.ska Ñ;% NdIdj
iajdNdúljdoh" .S%l ilia lr.ekSu" .%l S frdau l,d
ófl,a wdkacSf,da frdau f;aud ckm%sh ùu iam¾Yh" udkj foayfha wjidk úksYaph" wdoï ueùu" mf
s hgd"
25. nqkfrdÜá ldhjHjÉfPoal ,laIK fmkaùu" fâúâ" fudf
a iia
.%Sl frdau foaj uKav,fha n,h
l,djg wdfoaYh
hqfrdamh fyda weueßldj
uefvdkakd Ñ;%" oSm; a su;a j¾K"

.%Sl frdau l,d im a ¾Yh
we;Ekaia ys .r
= e l,
= h" m¾kdiia" we,and
26. r*dfh,a ikaisfhda
uefvdkakd
Wmia;sÓjdoh" iajdNdúl mßirh yd wdf,dalfha

uy;ajrekaf.a l,dj" wka;¾ iïnkO a h" tlu f;audj ysre Wodj" fjdg¾ ,s,S yd cmka md,u"
27. lf
a ,daâ fudfka wdf,dalh" nyq j¾K; s úúO wdf,dla ;;aj hgf;a weòSu
frdjqka foajia:dkh
fijeKe,s" mskai,a
myf¾ fõ.j;a nj" tlu
f;audj úúO wdf,dl a udkj foayfha p,kh jia;+ úIh"
;;aj hgf;a weòSu" udkils jHdl+,;d yd yqol,dj
28. tâ.d fv.d ffokl s cSú;h jia;= iam¾Ih" meig
a ,a j¾K kegqï mx;h
s " kdk fíiu" ysi mSrk ia;%sh
úIh" t<suyfKa Ñ;%
weoSu" l,dfõ iïu; Í;s
ìò oeóu" iui;a h weußldkq ldk; a djl"s ud;D;ajh
ixcdkkh lr ta u`.ska yd Okj;a mN
% + mdx;slhka yd
f.dvk`.d .;a woyi ks,a ldurh" yi
s fla ilik .eyeKq <uhd"
29. fïÍ lidÜ fufylrejka jia;= úIh
Ñ;%hg ke`.= l,d iakdkh
jHdmdrhs'
Page
mYapd;a WmiaÓ;sjdoh" jia;+kaf.a m%lD;sh fjkqjg
oDYH wruqKl iEnE Ndjd;aul wdfõ.hka l,dfõ
30. úkaikaÜ *kf
a .da iajrEmh úlD;s lr tys wruK q ùu" r¨ nqreiq myr" j¾K w¾;dm,a nqoskafkd"a ;re mß
s /h" mg
q j
q
m%ldYkh ;Sj% lÍs u" ;ejeÍfï Wml%u" h:d¾:jdoS
j¾K" wdlD;sh" rgdj" idkqlïms; oDIá a h
iy f¾Ldfõ kj m%dlD;l s l,d keUqrej" ckl,d
m%ldYkh yd Ndj wdNdih" rxc; s ùÿre l,dfõ
m%ldYkh ,lI a K" ixfla; l,d jHdmdrha ly meye;s l%sia;+ka" foúhkaf.a oskh" wm
31. fmda,a f.d.Eka
we/Uqu" me;e,s j¾K" l%i s a;shdks tkf
a ka fldys igs o'''''''
f;aud wm%sldkq ikao¾Nfhka
oelù a u
mYapd;a WmiaÓ;sjdoh" Ydi; a d%,hh S l,dfjka Ñ;%h uqojd

oDYH wruK q l iEnE .ekSu" úlD;sh" fjkia lsÍu"
iajrEmh úlD;s lr tys w;sYfhdl a ;a shg ke`.Su" udhsï
m%ldYkh ;Sj% lÍs u" fndò lÍ s u" >kl s ixl,amh ldâ fi,,a ï lrkfa kd"a weme,a jÜáh"
32. fmda,a fiiEka
j¾K" wdlD;sh" rgdj" wdrïNh bß;e¨Kq ì;a;s iy ksji
iy f¾Ldfõ kj
m%ldYkh yd Ndj
m%ldYkh
>ksl jdoh" hula ks,a h.
q h" frdai h.
q h" yd
f.dvke`.k wdldrh wm%sldkq n,emEï iys; h. q h"
mÍlaIdlr tys uQ,dlD;s úYaf,aIKd;aul >kl s jdoS h.q h
hqfrdamh fyda weueßldj
wúf{dx ys hqj;f
s hda" .j
= ¾Kl
s d" je,efmk
33. meíf,da ml
s efida jHqyhka weiqßka ;u yd ixiaf,aIKd;aul >kl s jdoS
l;
oDYH NdIdj ilia ùu" hq.h" u¾Q ;s l,dfõ kj fidhd
m%lD;s jia;= >ksl .ekSï" fld,dca iïm%odfha
yevj,g ìò fy,Su" wdrïNh
nyqúO oDIaá fldK a h" jkuD.jdoS uq,a ld,Sk keUr q ej"
cdñ;ls nj wjOdrKh >ksljdoS l,d ,laIK
wdlD;suh fjki ksjdi yd .ia" .sgdrhla iy;
s ñksid" mdou
34. fcda¾ca nd%la
iys; fïih
wêh:d¾:jdoh" m<uq Wm ú{dks; u, Q hka oDIH

f,dla hqoOa fha n,mEu" NdIdjg fmr<Su" w;N a +; nj"
35. ie,ajfoda o,S ufkdú a oHdfõ wdNdih" w;d¾lsl nj" iy s skuh nj" fkdñfhk u;lh" kskao
w;d¾lsl uki yd w;sYfhdl;a sh yd ixfla;d;aul
isyskuh u, Q hka jia;= nj
úIh ùu" wú{dkl s cSjk w;aoelSï yd ye`.Sï jia;=
ukfia ls%hdldÍ;ajh úIh" fuli a l
s dkq ck l,fõ
36. m%Svd ldf,da wdNdih" ixfla;d;aul rEml yd iajhx wdf,aLH yd lgq ud,h" m%Svd fofokd
ksrEmKd;aul l,dfõ ,lI a K
Page
úhlq ;
a jdoh" y`ÿkd.; reih s dkq .eñ l,dfõ wdNdih"
yels rEmhkf a .ka f;dr f¾Ld" p,kh" kuHYS,S nj yd
l,dj" jia;+kaf.a idrh ftkaøh S úhl q a; l,dj" oú
a udk
37. jeis,s lekaosfkil
a s ixrpkh 4" fldK
a wxl 247
muKla Wlyd .ekSu" yd cdñ;sl yev;, iys;
iajdNdúl yev;, cdñ;l s úhl q a; l,dj f,i j¾.
úhlq ;
a lsÍu yd ukiska folls
f.dv k`.d .;a úhql; a o iaghs,a l,d jHdmdrh" uq,a
yev;, f,i m%jK;d ld,Sk WmiaÓÒjdoS ,laIK yd
folls ly" l¨" ks,a" r;=" w¨ ixfhdckh$r;"=
38. mf
s hÜ fudkä
a %hdka mijq ir<" p;=rY% yev mokï jQ
ks,a" ly ixfhdackh2
,lI a K" fldgq rgdj" f¾Ld l¨
j¾Kh yd u, Q l
s j¾K Ndú;h

hqfrdamfha kQ;kjdoS WmiaÒ;sjdofha wdNdih" uq¾;sj,
uQ¾;s l,dj r¨ u;m = sg" u¾ Q ;shl ksudjla
hqfrdamh fyda
ke;s iajdNdjh l,d;aul

T.iÜ
a frdvEka Ñka;lhd" lef,a k.rfha jeisfhda
weueßldj
39. uQ,O¾uhla f,i Ndú;h" uQ¾;s

iïnkO a fhka wd.ñl f;aud
neyer lsÍu
20 ishjfia hqfrdamfha úhqla;yd w¾O úhl q a; nj"
40. fykß
a uqj¾ uQ¾;s l,dfõ úhl q ;
a ukqIH YÍrfha idrh oelù a u" je;sr.;a i;
a %h
s " rcq iy ìij
m%ldYkh t<suyka uQ¾;s l,dj
m%d.a ft;sydisl fyda wdk; .,a .=yd ^Rock Shelters&" udkj rEm" i;ajfhl= miq mi iá s k ñki s a
m%dlD;sl ck l,dj" m¾j; is;=jï l,dj" m%d.a rEmh" cHdñ;sk yev" w¨ meyfhka ndyr s
41. ;ka;sßuf,a .=ydj jeoaoka úiska wòskakg ft;sydil s fyda md%lD;sl f¾Ldj olj a d ueo r;= meyefhka j¾K
fhÿKq nj ie,eflk wjëkag wh;a nj" úh<s .ekajQ uqjd wi, ñksid" ÿjk bßhõ iy; s
l,dj l,dmfhka nyq,j yuf q õ" ñksia rE iy úúO ixfla;
f¾Ldj flakaøShj is;j = ï
lrKh" iqÿ yd w¨ meyeh iqÿ meyefhka j¾K; s is;j = ï" fcdaka ià
a ,g
a
42. ì,,
a Ej Ndú;h" msk; a dre lrKh wkqj i;s =jï j¾. lÍs u" cHdñ;l s rEm" iÿq
^Pain ng &" f¾Lduh Ñ;% ^Line meye;s f.dakd
Y%S ,xldj
Drawing&" uqøK ^Prints and

Imprints&" yd W;l a rS K
Êngraving & hk Y, s aml%u Ndú;h" 1919 oS n%jqkska úiska fidhd .ekSu" we;d
43. fodrjl Lkscuh j¾K Ndú;h" i;ajrEm" iy megjd W;l a r
S Kh" úúO cHdñ;h S yev
ovhï o¾Yk yd y`ÿkd fkd.;a
úúO ixfla; jia;= úIh ùu"
is;=jï j, jia;= úIh fyda w,skaf.a rEm yd úúO yevfha udkj rEm"
wruK q q m< s snòj ksYaÑ; woyia r;g yrq e ly Ndú;fhka j¾K .ekaùu"
44. fjÜgïnq., fkdue;' j¾K .ekajQ rEm ioyd Ndysr f¾Ld ke;"
ÿkak iy Bh" o< fofla we;d
Page
hqfrdamfha by, Y,
s d .,a .=yd i; s =jï lrKh ^Cave&" i;aj rEm nyq,h" nhsika .j rEm" msks
wjêhg wh;a m%d.a i;aj rEm" ovhï o¾Yk yd úúO uqjka yd le,E wYajhska" uøq;
s w;a i<lK
= q"
45. ,eif
a lda ft;sydils is;=jï ixfla; ji; a = úIh ùu' Lkscuh W;la r
S K i;
s =jï" wä 17 l úYd, nhsika
j¾K Ndú;h" mska;dre lrKh rej" u< ñksidf.a o¾Ykh" rEmjgd ndyr s
^Pain ng &" f¾Lduh Ñ;% ^Line l¨ f¾Ldj
Drawing&" uqøK ^Prints and
Imprints&" yd W;l a rS K l%shdldÍ nhis ka .j rEm" úúO ixfla; yd
46. w,agórd Êngraving & hk Y, s aml%u Ndú;h'
hqfrdamh
uqøs; w;a i<l=Kq
oejk; a l%shdj,h s la f,i i; s =jï
lrKh'
ueu;a" nhi s k"a wYajhska" ixsyhk"a rhf
s kda

wdoS i;=ka ji;a = úIh ùu" iuQy i;aj rEm"
47. fIdafõ
W;l a r
S K Ys,aml%uh" j¾K Ñ;%" f¾Ld Ñ;%"
lv= d <uhdf.a uøqs; md i<lK =
nhsik"a ueue;a" wYja hd" rhsfkda wdoS i;=ka
48. fmdkaÜ oS f.dañ jia;= úIh ùu' rEm jgd Ndysr f¾Ldj"
nhsika iuQyh" uj q hqj,
YS% ,xldfõ ia;+mh" fjfyr" ia;+mh" :m Q h" ffp;Hh
wkqrdOmqr$fmdf<dkakre hk kï Ndú;h" nÿqkf a .a fyda
m:
% u i;
a +mh" foajdkïmhs ;i
s ai" OdkHdldr
49. :Qmdrduh j$uykqjr ry;=kaf.a YdÍßl yd mdßfNd. a ls
yevfhka >KG a dldr yevh" wl= Od;=j
Od;= jkoakh wruqK ùu" idxÑ
ia;+mfha wdNdih"
>KaGdldr$nqínq,dldr$
OdkHdldr$moaudldr$>Gdldr$wd
rejkaje,S iEh$uyd ï,dldr$md;%dldr$M,Kaäldldr
50. nqín,
q dldr" ÿgq.euqKq" jdy,alv y;r
:Qm
$ukaosrdldr wdoS wdlD;s" .cx
u¨j$je,s u¨j" we;a mjqr" fmaid
j,¨$.¾Nh$y;/ia
Y%S ,xldj
fldgqj$i,m;, u¨j$ mdou$

wNh.sßh$nhd.ß
s h$ jdy,alv$ foaj;d fldgqj$ .sß ks>KaGdrduh" ;sii
a f;reka"
51. W;r
= e fjfyr j<.ïNd$nysrj rE fh¥ ur q .,
fld;a le/,a,$ fld;$ is¨ñK
wdos wx." iòlv
myK$mh s .egfm<$ur q .,$fldr
jla.,$l=¨Kq wdos l,d wx.
52. fca;jkdrduh uyfika rc" jdy,alv i;r
ksYaYxlu,a, rc" i;/ia fldgqfõ iQ¾h

53. rkf
a ld;a fjfyr
ixfla;" ní
q nq,dldr" fmdf,dkakrej
Page
YS% ,xldfõ ia;+mh" fjfyr" ia;+mh" :m Q h" ffp;Hh
wkqrdOmqr$fmdf<dkakre hk kï Ndú;h" nÿqkf a .a fyda
iqno%dj;s ìij" fmdf,dkk a rej" ní
q n,
q dldr
54. lsßfjfyr j$uykqjr ry;=kaf.a YdÍßl yd mdßfNd. a l s yevh" m; % sud .Dy y;rls
Od;= jkoakh wruqK ùu" idxÑ
ia;+mfha wdNdih"
>KaGdldr$nqínq,dldr$
OdkHdldr$moaudldr$>Gdldr$wd
ï,dldr$md;%dldr$M,Kaäldldr
$ukaosrdldr wdoS wdlD;s" .cx
u¨j$je,s u¨j" we;a mjqr" fmaid uykqjr wjêh" nqoaO ukaor s hl we;s l=vd
:Q+mhl"s iui;
a ia;m
+ h jgd fudaia;r weò
y`.=rkafl; fmd;.
a =,a j,¨$.¾Nh$y;/ia
55. j¾K .kajd we;' fmaid j,¨ m,dfm;s
úydr ffp;H fldgqj$i,m;, u¨j$ mdou$

fudia ;rh" .¾Nh fndma ;a rgd iy by<
jdy,alv$ foaj;d fldgqj$
fld;a le/,a,$ fld;$ is¨ñK wx. ,shje,a yd u,a fudai;
a r
wdos wx." iòlv
myK$mh s .egfm<$ur q .,$fldr
jla.,$l=¨Kq wdos l,d wx.
fn!oO
a wd.fï n,mEu fn!oO a l,dfõ wx. f,i
u; ks¾udKh jQ y`ÿkd.; yel" l%ñl jc%dikh ixfla;j;a lrk ffY,uh
56. wdik>r ft;sydil
s jdia;= úoHd úldYkhla olakg we;" fn!oO a wdikhls' ta ueos fldg idok .Dyh wdik
wx. l,dj k.r jdiS wdrdu yd >rh hs' mq¨l=Kdj$y,añ,a,jeáh i:a dk
Y%S ,xldj
jkjdiS wdru l,dj f,i j¾.

foll"s >r ixl,m a h" >r hkq fndaêh jgd bosl< .Dyh h"s jy,hla iys;
.Dyh hs ilauka u¨jla yd jgd m%dldrhls'
fndaê>rh i;/ia fyda jD;; a dldr úh yel'
57. fndaê>r .,a lK"q c, l,uKdlrKh ioyd ldKq
jeo.;a wx. h'
ks,a,la.u$m`vqjiakj q r$mäflï.,$u`.=,a
uyd úydrfha fndê a >r we;'
mshk. a ," ;fmdajk f,i yòskaùu' Ndjkd
lgh; q = iòyd boslÍs u" ilua ka u¨" l=á"
58. mOdk>r fmdl=Kq wdof s hka hqla;h' wdrlaIs; oh s
w.," wdrKH.; NslaIQka" mYaÑudrduh
WodyrKhls" w,xlrKh w,amh
fmdfydhl¾u" f,dajdudydmdh uy,a kjhla
;sìK" os.ska m<,ska Wiska iudkh" ;U
59. Wfmdi
a :>r
udOHfhka jy< jQ neúka f,day md%ido úh"
ìï uyf,ys lKq 1600ls
WKqosh myiqj iòyd" i;/ia .Dyhls ueo

60. cka:d>r ;gdlhls" wNh.ß s h$uyd
úydrh$ñysk;a ,h$wrxlef,a WodryrKh
Mahinda Rajapaksa [MFA UoK, BA (Hons) sp Uok, PGDE with Merit UoP] 10 |
Page
ia:qmh yd ft;sydil s ia;+mh wY%; S l,d wx.hls" idxÑ
f.dvke., s s wdY%s; l,d i:a qmfha f;drK i;r fjkqjg
ks¾udK' fn!oaO ,xldfõ ks¾udKh jQ wx.hls'
l,dfjka fmdaIK jQ wdoS uL q $wdhl$wdhsl f,i ñyska;f,a lKGa l fÉ;sfha jdy,alv
l,djls" u,q a ld,Sk yeòska fõ' w,xlrKh yd l,d;aulh" fndroï w;r jduk rE fj;"a
ks¾udK leghï rys; wdrlI a dj wruK q h' jdy,l a v kef.kyr s jdy,alfvys jduk rEm uOHfha
ir< úh' wkqrdOmr q yd uQK;a 5 lska hqla;h' my< .Kfoú rejls' jduk rE .Kfoúg
61. jdy,alv
fmdf,dkakre h. q mdIdKfhka yd by< .fvd,ska kuialdr lr;s'
iY%Slj meje;s wji: a dõ hqla;h' jdy,alv fomi lKq
ìysjQ l,dj úYsIag úh' folls' tys i;r osYdj ksrEmKh ñßijeáh$wNh.ß s h$fca;jkh wdoS
iòyd we;a$wia$.j$isxy hk ia;+mhkays jdy,l
a v we;'
i;aj rE 4 ls' ;r s ia fndroï

;Sreh' tajd jduk$yxi$we;a
rEj,ska irid we;'
bryò .,$wdfrday wkqrdOmqr ìfidaud<s.fha iòlv myK
pkaø$moauYs,d$pkaøLKav fYaIj we;s l,d lD;shls' r;akm%dido$Y%S
mdIdK f,i yeòskafõ' me/Ks uyd fndaê$rejkaje,S i; a +mh wdYs%;j lD;s
Y%S ,xldj
f.dvke`.s,s mú s if q ï we;s yuqfõ' w¾OjD;a;dldrh'

leghï ry; s j úldYh jQ fmdf,dkakre wjof s ha .j rEmh bj;a lr
mqjrejls' we;' yevh w¾O jD;a;hg jvd jeäh'
wkqrdOmqr$fmdf,dkakre$uykqj i;ajhska fjku ;Srej, olajd we;'
62. iòlvmyK r hq. j,oS wdlD;suh yd jgodf.a$lsßfjfyr$noO a iu S d ud,lh
l,d;aul fjkialï isÿ úh' WodryKh'
cd;s" crd" jHdê" urK hk uykqjr wjêfha iòlvmyK ;%f s ldK
a dldr
i;rNh o ixidr .uk o wdlD;sh we;' i;aj rE fjkqjg WoaNso rgd
ksrEmKh jk lD;h s la nj we;' fo.,afodrej úydrfha ;sß`.s;,h fh¥
mrKú;dk olj a hs' fk,f S ï rgdjls' Y%S o<òd ud<.s h$y`.=rkf a l;
Ys,m a l%ufhka w,am Wkak;j fmd;.a ,
= a úydrh WodyrKh'
ks¾udKh lr we;'
leghï ry; s j úldYkh úh" leghï ry; s uqr., ^ßá.," ueoß s .sßh&"
fldrjl. a ,g wdOdrl l+{h mqkal<i fh¥ ^ú,. a ufq jfyr"
f,i Ndú; úh' kd. Y, s d$ lÜ= gïfmdl=K" bir q euK q h
s &" kd. fmK
wrl. a ,$ wdrlaId., f,i iys; ^jeõ wdY%s;j" wjqlk" ueosß.ß s h&"
63. uqr.,
yeòska fõ' nysrj rE fh¥ ^wNh.ß s h" bir q euqKsh"
úchNd rc jdi,&" kd. rej fh¥ ^r;ak
m%dido" lmdrdrduh&" hq., rEm iy; s ^
uyfika ud<. s h" fougu,a úydrh&
Page
ia:qmh yd ft;sydil s lrw;. a ,$lrjla.,$lhf s hdare. wNh.sßh-mqkal,ia fhdod we;
f.dvke., s s wdY%s; l,d , f,i yeòskafõ' mh s .egfm< birq euqKsh-we;a rEm
ks¾udK' fn!oaO fomi wdrlI a s; w;a jegh' fmdf,dkakre jgodf.a-ixsy rEm
l,dfjka fmdaIK jQ ld,dkr Q Emj leghï fjkia úh' fmdf,dkakre ,xld;s,l-oi s dmd,l ìßh
l,djls" u, q a ld,Sk ld,h úiska iir jik i;ajhd yd jduk l;=ka fookd
64. fldrjl.
a ,
ks¾udK leghï ry; s .s,.kakd nj od¾Yksl woyils' oUfoKs rcuyd úydrh-ulr rej fjkj q g
ir< úh' wkqrdOmr q " úúO h. q j, udOH fjkia úh' we;a rej
fmdf,dkakre yd uykqjr wjêfha ulr láka .ïfmd< ,xld;s,l yd .v,dfoKh s -
uykqjr h. q iY%Slj kslafuk ,h s eje,a fjkqjg we;a .cisxy rej ^wdlD;suh fjki&
meje;s wji: a dõ ìysjQ fid`v iy; s j k¾ s udKh úh'
l,dj úYsIg a úh' leghï ry; s yd iy; s f,i
j¾. folls' ;sria uqyK q f;a wkqrdOmqr uyfika ud<s.h yd ìfida

Y%S ,xldj
legï olakg ,efí' mh s .eg ud<.

s h- ffY,s.; jc% ixfla; yd jduk
65. msh.egfm< fm< mä wglk s a hqla; fõ kï rE
wdßh wYG a dx.sl ud¾.h uykqjr úYakq foajd,h-fomig úysfok
ksrEmKh jk nj mrKú;dk ,h
s je,a rgd
Y+ßka lh s hs'
mQ¾K >g$msreKq l<$ mqkal,i mqkal,i fhÿ uqr.,-ú,. a uqfjfyr ^w,am
f,i yeòskafõ' fi!Nd.H Wkak;&
w¾:j;a h' mc Q kh S ia:dk yd mqkal,i fh¥ jdy,l a v l¨= Kq ^w,m
a
fmdl=Kq wdY%; s j we;' Wkak;&
66. mqkal,ia ie/i, s a,la f,i fh¥ fldrjla.,a wNh
.sßfha we;'
lÜ= gïfmdl=fKa we;s mQ¾K Wkak;
mqkal,ia we;'
Page
wkqrdOmqr yd uyd mrdl%uNdyq rc úiska ;sjxl bßhõfjka hqla; ms<suh' msg; isxy
fmdf,dkakre fn!oaO lrùu' .fvd,a yd yqKq nodu' rE' jduk rE iy úudk' wka;rd,fha
.Dy ks¾udK l,dj' foajdrdOkdj o wk;a rd,fha fomi
67. ;sjxl ms<suf.a
mÀud>r" >r ixl,amh' wdixlj;S" ii" úÿr" pq,a,mÿu" ffu;%n
S ,"
wkqrdOmqr ms<su f.hg f;añh" uyd iqoiaik hk cd;l l;d' .¾N
jvd fjkia wdldrhls .Dyh ;=< nqÿka ixliia mrq g jeveuùu'
fmdf,dkakre ms<suf.h' uyd mrdl%uNdyq rc úiska
.fvd,a udOHh yd lrùu' .fvd,a yd yqKq nodu'
f.äf.a iïm%odh we;' .¾N .Dyh ;=< ysòs m<
s suh' ixsyrEm' úudk
68. :Qmdrdu ms<suf.a wdrelal= yevfha mh
s ii
a ' lv
= d
.fvd,ska lr yqKq yd ta ;<
= foaj rEm'
boslÍ
s uls'
nodufhka mß s hï lr
we;' mh s iai wdrelal= uyd mrdl%uNdyq rc úiska

yeve;h s ' mhs ifa ia nr lrùu' .fvd,a yd yqKq nodu'
oeÍu iòyd ì;a;s m<,ska uy,a folls' y;/ia yeve;s .,a
hqla; úh' fmdf,dkakre l=¨Kq ms<suf.h uOHfha we;'
Y%S ,xldj
mÀud>rys wdlD;sl fï l¨ = Kq u; oej mshiaila ;sî

ie,eiau iudkh' mg s ; ysi ry;s yá
s noqaO m%;sudjl kIGa dj fYaI
,xld;s,l m<
s suf.h we;' m; % sud .Dyfha msúiqu fomi we;' ig
a flda ^yqK&q nodufhka l< leghï
69. ì;a;s úudk leghï nyqfldaKsl l=¨Kq folls'
j,ska hql; a h' tajd yK q q olakg we;'
f;ca jk; a fmkqula tla lr
msßhï fldg j¾K we;'
.ekaùh' ol=Kq bkaoSh
.Dyks¾udK ,laIK
fmkajhs'
fmdf,dkakre wjêfha mdKv a H .DykasrudK ffY,h s '
mfka, u; jHd>% rE' Ysj ,xs.h' mekakqï
.Dyks¾udK' ol=Kq l¨ .,a lÜ = á' uKv a mh"
l=¨Kq' úudk' fk¨ï u,a yeve;s fml a v'
70. Ysj foajd, wxl 1 bkaoSh .Dyks¾udK wka;rd,h" .¾N.Dyh hk wx.
i;aj rE yd ixsy uqL j,ska hl
q a; fndroï
,lI a K' l¨ .,a udOH' j,ska iukú a ;h' úkdYù .h s
iys; mdou'
f.äf.a iïm%odh' YsLrhl ,laIK we;'
fmdf,dkakrefõ me/Ks;u
;=vq iys; ljq¨' mekakqï l¨ = Kq' foajrEm
yskaÿ iaudrlh' fpd, a iïmo%dh' iys; úudk' moau fndroï' wgmÜgï
71. Ysj foajd, wxl 2 l¨ .,a udOH' YsLrh' wIga di% l=¨Kq' ñá fodrgqj' Ysj
,sx.h'
Page
fmdf,dkakre wjêfha uyd mrl%uNdyq rcq f.a ud<. s h
.Dyks¾udK hs' uy,a i;rla yd ldur
oyilska iukaú; úh' .,a lKq
72. úcfhd;amdh we;a" ixsy" mqkal,ia fuys olakg we;'
yd .fvd,a udOHh' Wvq uy, oej
úh yel' l¨ .,ska l< mq¨,a
fidamdk mx;shls'
fmdf,dkakreh o<od u¨jg uKavmh uOHfha ní q n,q dldr lv = d
wh;a h' ksYY a xlu,a, rc úiska ia;+mhls' ia;m + mdofï wxc,S uqødj kr s Ems;
lsrùh' O¾u Y%jKh yd ñksia rE j,,a,ls' fk¨ï o`vq iajrEmfha
o<odjykf a ia jkaokdj fuys l=¨Kq 8 ls' oejuh mshii a la úh' l=¨kq
73. ksYaYxl ,;d uKavmh
wruK q úh' wdh; p;=rY%dldr uOHfha fmalv jka fk¨ï fld<
boslÍ s uls' uKavmh jgd .,a ks¾udKfhda fj;a' l=¨kq Y¾ S Ih wvla mm s qkq

.rdos jegls' tla msúiqï fkül yevh .kS' fidnd oyfï ßoauh
fodrgqjls' jdia;= l¾uhg wdfoaY l< losu wjia:djls'
:mQ >r ixl,amh' uyd mrdl%uNdyq rc úiska by, uKavmh fndroï iy; s .,ska l<
m%udKfhka lv = d i;
a +m lrjk ,oS' .,f a md; fi,a mkd neïuls' uOHfha nqín, q dldr ia;+mhls'
iòyd bosl, .Dyh' ,sìhg wkqj ksYaYxlu,a, rc ia;+mh jgd i;r osYdjg uy q qK,d OHdk
Y%S ,xldj
iajdNdúl wõ jeis úiska m; % sixil a rKh lrk ,oS' uqødj kr s Ems; ms<su i;rls' ;Ügq follska
fmdf,dkakre jg od wdosfhka yd hqla;h' tajd ud,l f,i y`ÿjhs' tys ìu
74. f.h i;ajhskaf.ka wdrlaIdjg .,a w;=rd we;' my< ud,lhg msúiSu iòyd
bosl< .Dyh jg od f.h tla fodrgqjls' by, ud,fha fodrgq i;rls'
fyj;a :Qm>r úh' mshiai ordiá s .,a lKq w,xldrh' ur q .,"
fÉ;sh>r f,io jyr;s' iòlv myK" fldrjl. a ," mh s .egfm< wdos
fn!oOa jdi;a = úoHd l,d wx. j,ska ii q eosh'
wx.hls' uKavm folls' uOHfha we;s leghï ry; s l=¨Kqh' mú s iï q fodrgq .,a
i:
a qmh .fvd,k s a k¾
s udKh lr W¨jii a ls' fldrjl. a ," ur q .,"
we;' m<uq uKavmhg msúiSug iòlvmyK" mh s .egfm< wdoS l,d wx. fõ'
75. ;sßhdh jgodf.h isõ osYdfjka fodrgq i;rl's jy,h ord.;a tl a flakaøh S .,a lKq
fm<ls' ia;m + h jgd i;r osYdjg uqyK q ,d
u,a wdik i;rls' l¨ .,ska lrk ,o
mgs ; m%dldrhls'
.,a ;,djla uOHfha ks¾udKh tal flakaøSh .,a lKq fm< a s folls' l=¨Kq
lr we;' uKv a m follska ysia w,xldrh' leghï tlsfklg fjkiah'
76. ueosß.ß
s h jgodf.h hqla;h' uOHfha we;s ia;m
+ h leghï ry; s uqr., olakg we;' m%fõY
.fvd,ska lr we;' fYaIj we;s fodrgqj fidm a dK iys; oajdr uKv a mhlska
w,xldr;u :qm>rhhs' iukaú;h'
Page
wkqrdOmqr iy wNh.sß úydr ixlS¾Khg wdh; p;=rY%dldr yev;sh' Tm oeuQ .,a
fmdf,dkakrej fmdl=Kq wh;h a ' Nl
s I
a Qkajykfia f.a mqjre u.ska ks¾udKh lr we;' W;r = e
ks¾udK mf
% hdackh iòyd úh' ld,fPao fmdl=Kqg neiSug fidamdk mx;s folls'
follg wh;a fmdlK = q h.
q u
a hls' ulr uqLhlska c,h .,d t'a W;r = e
77. lÜ
= gï fmdl=K W;=re fmdl=K me/Ksh' ta lv = d fmdl=fKa veä c,h Wux ud¾.fhka ol=Kq
boslÍ
s uls' fmdl=Kg hhs' ol=Kq fmdl=Kg neiSyg
fidamdk mx;s ;=kls' fidamdk fomi m¾ Q K
Wkak; mqkal,a fõ' W;r = e fmdl=fKa kd.
rej iy;s ur q .,ls'
bkaoSh WoHdk ks¾udK wdNdih
,eî we;' rdclShkaf.a iakdkh
mKs si bos l< u`.,= a fmdlK = ls' WoHdkfha we;s iajdNdúl mßirhg wkq.;

78. rkauiq Whk fmdlK
=
tajdfha wm c,h u,k s a hq;a jk mßos fmdl=Kq boslr we;'
w,xldrh mK s Si bosl<
fmdl=Kqj,g .,d hhs'
uyd mrdl%uNdyq rcf q .a u`., = a fmdl=Kg msúiSu iòyd fidamdk mx;sh'
Whkg wh;a h' Y, s d fmdlL a rKS fodrgqj fomi ixsy rE folls' ngysr
fmdf,dkakre l=udr f,i o y`ÿkajhs' osYdfjka ulr yevfhka hl q a; m,
S S folls'
Y%S ,xldj
79. fmdl=K fmdl=Kg wdikakfha we`ÿï weoSu ioyd

lá= hls' c,h m%jdykh iy c,h mg s lÍ
s u
fjkf q jka k, moaO;shls'
uyd mrdl%uNdyq rcq Nl
s aIqkaf.a
mf
% hdackh msKsi boslrk ,oaols' fk,qul yevfhka hl q ;
a h' m%udKfhka
fmdf,dkakre fk¨ï
80. lv
= dh' iajdNdúl yev;, jdia;= úoHdjg
fmdl=K
fhdod.;a wjia:djls'
bir q euqKs leghï' l%s j 4-5 ihs jig wh;ah'

wkqrdOmqr wjêhg wh;a fk<f S ï Ys,amlh % g yd w¾O
bme/Ks ix>drduhls' Wkak;j k¾ s udKh lr we;'
ldk; a djf.a ysfika ksyxÑ; uqødj;a
fojkmE;si rc oji ;reKhl= iy ;reKh s l
fofk;a u`.ska ksóo; s uqødj;a olK
= ;ska
boslrkakg we;s nj fm%aufhka fj<Sisák whqre
;%sm;dl uqødj;a kr s Ems;h' msßñ refõ
ie,efla' bii a ruKs ksrEmS;h' mß s ñ rej há lh
81. fmïhqj, ysfika wdfõ; uqødj;a foh;ska uhr q
bir s euqKs úh' fuys muKla jid isá' ldk; a d rej
uqødj;a krs Ems;h' cjS fhka msreKq yd
leghï iòyd bkoaSh fom;< = olajd weòs we`ÿuls'
iajdNdúl;ajfhka mr s eKq leghuls' .m
= a;
.=ma; yd m,, a j l,d fofokdu wdNrK me,eò ià s '
l,d wdNdih olakg we;'
wdNdi úh' fuu.ska Ysj-md¾j;"s uxcq YS%
fndai;a" finf,l= yd fmïj;h s
nj jk u; lsysmhls'
Page
fk<f S ï YS,aml%uhg w¾O
Wkak;j fk,d we;' bßhõj
uydrdc,, S dik h' ir< ßoauhdkl
Q ,
+ nj" Ndjd;aul ye`.Sï"
82. ñksid iy wYaj ysi leghuls' msysá .f,a ksrEms;h' ixrpkh úYsIag fõ' m,a,j l,d wdNdih
msßñ refjka m¾ckHh;a wYaj we;'
refjka w.aksh;a kr s EmKh jk
nj mrKú;dk mjihs'
bir q euqKs leghï' fk<f S ï Ys,amlh % g w¾O
wkqrdOmqr wjêhg wh;a Wkak;j k¾ s udKh lr we;'
bme/Ks ix>drduhls' úYd, mß s ñ rejla jgd ;j;a rE
fojkmE;si rc oji lsysmhls' mßñ rej wka rE j,g
boslrkakg we;s nj jvd úYd,j olajd we;' uydrdc

ie,efla' bii a ruKs ,S,dik bßhõfjka mß s ñ rej ;,hg WÑ; wdldrhg udkj rEm
83. rc mj,
q bir s euqKs úh' fuys ysò iá s ' olK = q miska msßñ rejla iïmKs v
a kh lr we;' ßoauhdklQ ,
= nj"
leghï iòyd bkoaSh yd jï miska ldka;d rE folls' Ndjd;au; ye`.Sï kr
s EmKh úYsIagh'
.=ma; yd m,, a j l,d mg
s qmiska pdur i,k msßñ rejls'
wdNdi úh' ÿgq .euK q q rc yd ìij;a id,sh
wfYdl a ud,d;a fuu.ska
ksrEmKh jk nj mrKú;dk
woyia lrhs'
fk<f S ï Ys,aml%ufhka w,am
Wkak;j k¾ s udKh lr we;'
ßoauhdkl
q ,
+ nj" ihs qï ksudj" ;d;aúl yd
l%shdldÍ bßhõ iy; s we;a rEm
84. c, l%Svd lrk we;=ka iajdNdjjdoS ,laIK we;' m,a,j l,d
iuQyhls' fïjd md¾Yj o¾Yh s '
wdNdih we;'
Y%S ,xldj
wdldY.x.djfrdayK leghfï
,lI a K we;'
wkqrdOmqr wjêfha noqaO yqKq je,s.,a udOHh ù we;' ju; ;f s nk wdldrfhka wNh uøqdj
m%;sud l,dj' nqoaO bkaoSh wurdj;S l,d ,laIK ;sfnkakg we;s nj ie,efla' taldxY Öjrh"
m%;sudj k¾ s udKfha oS fmkajk nj mrKú;dk yd jï Wryi s ska jefgk isjqrefmdg mdoh
uyb¨,m a ,a,u nqÿ bkaoSh m%;sud wdNdih kkaofoaj úfcafilr mjihs' l%s olajd we;' fom;, = a wdikk
a hg fhÿ isjqre
85. ms<suh ,enK q nj me/Ks j 2 jk ishjig wh;ah' m¾ Q K fmdg o úfYaI;ajhls' wvjka fofk;a"
woyihs' kuq;a Y%S Wkak;h' wdOHd;añl ,laIK" lreKdj yd ffu;s%h
,xldfõ ks¾udKh jQ m%ldY fõ' isjr q olajd we;fa ;a YÍrh úkús o
nqoaO m;
% sudjg foaYSh fkdhk wdldrhgh'
wkkH ,laIK olk a g wNh.sß úydr ixl¾ S Khg
we;' ft;sydisl u, Q dY% flá WIK A SIh" Wia fkdjQ .%Sjh" wlU
a nre
wh;h a ' bkaohS .=ma; l,d
wkqj ,dxlSh nqoaO jka yi
s flia' /<s ry; s ;k= S Öjrh"
86. iudê nqÿ ms<suh ,lI a K fmkajhs' l¨.,a udOHh
m%;sudj bkaoSh wdOHd;añl m%ldYk .K = h olajd we;'
fõ' mQ¾K Wkak;h' j¾K
wdNdifhka f;dr njg OHhdk uqødj yd ùrdik bßhõj ms<sìUqfõ'
.kajk ,o njg idOl we;'
u;hls' l%s j 7 ih s jig wh;a h' idudë .=Kh" lreKdj jeks Ndjhka m%ldY
fvd,uhÜ s mdIdK udOHh ù fõ' OHhdk uqødj yd ùrdik bßhõj
87. f;d¨ú, nqÿm<
s suh we;' bkoaSh .=m; a l,d ,lI a K m%ldY;
s h' wlaUnre jka ysifla yd isyska
ms<sìUq lrhs' WIaKSIh fhdod we;' úksúO fmfkk
taldxY l< Öjrhls' Öjrh /<s ry; s h'
Page
l%s j 7 ih
s jig wh;a jk nj ol=Kq w;ska wNh uqødj ju;ska lgl
ie,efla' yK q q.,a ñY% mdIdKhla uqødj;a kr s EmKh jQ njg idOl we;' fomd
udOH ù we;' ùrdikh bßhõfjka olajd we;' WIK a SIh
88. mkl
a =<sh nqÿ ms<suh u; ir s iam;la ;snQ njg idOl we;'
lreKdj ffu;%h s jeks Ndjhka ml% dY fõ'
taldldÍ fkd.eUqre /<s ;n s Q njg idOl
we;'
wkqrdOmqr wjêfha noqaO ls% j 5 ih

s jig wh;a nj
m%;sud l,dj' nqoaO mrKú;dk mjihs' fIdv a ¾ yd

uyd mrq eI ,laIK yd oYn, .=Kh
m%;sudj k¾ s udKfha oS pkaødúl%u .uf.a mjikf a ka ta
fmkajhs' ,ïNl¾K" W!¾K frdauh" ishqï
bkaoSh m%;sud wdNdih l%s j 9 ihs jig wh;a njhs'
WIaKSIh" miqj tll a rk ,o irs iam;
,enK q nj me/Ks wurdj;s l,d ,lI a K fmkajhs'
olakg ,efí' Ndjuh m%ldYhg jvd uyd
woyihs' kuq;a Y%S mQ¾K Wkak; h' l¨ .,a udOHh
mqreI ,lI a K fmkaùug W;aidy ord we;'
,xldfõ ks¾udKh jQ ù we;' moaudikhla u;
89. wjl
q k nÿqm<
s suh ukdj k¾ s udKh l< /<s iys; Öjr yd
nqoaO m;
% sudjg foaYSh ks¾udKh lr we;' iu Nx.
wòk jdáh Öjrh ;=<ska úksúo fmkajhs'
wkkH ,laIK olk a g bßhõfjka isà'
ol=K;ska wNh uqødj;a ju;ska isjqre fmdgo
we;' ft;sydisl u, Q dY%
ilia lrk wdldrfhka oelafõ'
wkqj ,dxlSh nqoaO
pkaødúl%.uf.a g wkqj ta lgl yia;
m%;sudj bkaoSh
uqødjhs'
wdNdifhka f;dr njg
Y%S ,xldj
u;hls'
fmdf<dkakre nqoaO l,q .,a udOHh' msysá .,g
m%;sud l,dj' .,aúydrh wdnoaOh' mQ¾K Wka;; l%uhg
fyj;a W;a;rdrduh m<uq ks¾ñ;h' f;drKla miqìï
mrdl%uNdyq rcqf.a fldg fk<d we;' pkaødúlu %
ld,hg wh;a h' .uf.a mjikf a ka ta wdikf a ha
ùrdik bßhõj yd Ohdk uqødj kr s Ems;h'
iajdNdúl .f,a msysàu wekao njhs' wdikfha jc%
jD;a;dldr uqyqK yd mgq k<, olj a d we;'
.,aúydrfha jevysòsk ie,els,a,g f.k wod< i,lK = q yd isxy rEm w,m a
90. WiakSIh" olaIsKdjD; flia /<s o oaú;aj
nqoO
a m;
% sudj ks¾udK we;=<;a lr Wkak;j k¾ s udKh lr we;'
/<s o olakg we;' uyd lreKdj yd Ydka;
we;' .S%l foj a ia:dkj, f;drK fomi úudk iys; lá =
Ndjh m%ldY lrhs'
;%Sfldakldr jdi; a = 4 ls' ta ;=< l=vd ysòs nqoaO m%;sud
wx.fha uQ¾;s o fuf,i fõ' uydhdk nqoaO ixl,amh
ks¾udKh úh' wkqj mxp OHdkS nÿqjre
ksrEmKh jk nj pkaødúl%u
mjihs'
Page
msysá .f,a wNHka;r .=ydjl
mQ¾K Wkak; j k¾ s udKh lr
ùrdik l%uhg OHdk uqødfjka k¾ s ñ;h'
we;' m<s suhg by,ska P;%hls'
ms<sifha uqyqK jD;a;dldrh' k<, mgh q '
l¨ .,a udHhfõ' wdikfha ixsy
úoHdOr .=ydfõ nqÿ wvjka fofk;a uyd lrrKdj ml % dY lrhs'
91. rE folla yd jc% rE folla w,m a
ms<suh olaIsKdjD; flia /<h s ' iy
s ska WiakI S h
Wkak;j we;' ms<suh mg s m
q i
olakg we;' Öjrh we<S we;s wdldrfhka yd
l=vd f;drKls' ms<suh fomi
oaú;aj /<s iy;s h'
foaj rE folls' by<ska we;s foaj
rE úYaKq yd n%yau fj;s'
pQ, jxYfha fï m< s snòj iòyka
foh;ska mr ÿlaL ÿlaÇ; uøqdj kr
s EmKh
fkdfõ' msysá .f,a m¾ Q K
fõ' we.g we¨K oaú;aj /,s iys; Öjrh
Wkak;j k¾ s udKh lr we;'

taldxY lr we;' uqyqK jD;a;dldrh' mgq
92. .,aúydrfha ysá ms<suh ;sjxl bßhõj ms<sìUf q õ'
k<,h' wvjka fofk;a yd ukaoiañ; uqj
moaudikhla u; k¾ s ñ;h'
h' uyd lreKdj m%ldY fõ' isyska WIaKSIh
mrKú;dkg wkqj fï nqÿ
yd olaIsKdjD; flia krs EmKh fõ'
ms<suhla nj fmkj a d foa'
fmdf<dkakre nqoaO fuys oelf

a jk bßhõj ms<ns ò
m%;sud l,dj' .,aúydrh úúO u; mj;s' msyás .f,a mQ¾K
fyj;a W;a;rdrduh m<uq Wkak;j k¾ s udKh lr we;'
mrdl%uNdyq rcqf.a
ld,hg wh;a h'
msßKj
s ka uxPlh fyda ie;efmk bßhõj
iajdNdúl .f,a msysàu
93. ie;fmk noqaO m%;sudj úh yel' ysiys nßka fldÜgh tî we;'
ie,els,a,g f.k wod<
isßm;=,a u; fk¨ïu,a fudaia;r h'
ks¾udK we;=<;a lr
we;' .S%l foj
a ia:dkj,
;%Sfldakldr jdi; a =
wx.fha uQ¾;s o fuf,i
Y%S ,xldj
ks¾udKh úh'
fmdf,dkakre jgodf.hs i;r osYdjg uqyqK,d m< s su 4 ls'
nqÿ ms<su mQ¾K Wkak;h' l¨ .,a udOHh OHdk uqødj' ùrdik bßhõj' /<s rys;
fmdf,dkakre h' lUr q emá s fha jkr;k f;r Öjrh' /<s rys; ysi' Wia WIaKSIh fyda
94. jgodf.hs nqÿ ms<su iy mrKú;dk mjikafka fïjd isrim
a ; fkdue;s ùu' mn
% , wdOHd;añl
fmdf,dkakre wjêhg fmr l,d m%ldYk .K= h fmdÿ ,laIKfhda fj;a'
,lI a K m< s sìUj
q k njhs'
mQ¾K Wkak;h' l¨ .,a udOHh'
;sjxl bßhõfjka hqla;h' oEf;a ukd m;% dmj;a fmkqu" ij
a djdNdúl YÍr
fmdf,dkakre m%;sud hï jia;j = la ord isá' ukd há bßhõ ksrEmKh úYsIagh' há lh jid we;s
95. fmd;.
a ,
= a úydr m%;sudj l,dj /jq,la o Wvq /jq,lao we;' jia;h
% oaú;aj /<s iys;h' nò máhg ;o jQ
mrdl%uNdyq rc" mq,i; a s RI"s Worh boß s hg fkrdú;a we;' l,amkdldÍ
lm,s RIS" hkf q jka u;jdo bßhõjls'
mj;s'
Page
.ïfmd< yd uykqjr .ïdmd< wjêfha nqoaO m%;sud ysòs nqoaO m%;sudjls' j¾K .kajd we;' úYd,
wjêfha nqoO
a m%;sud l,djg øúv wdNdih ,eî we;' fof;d,"a mq¨,a uqyK q " flá kslg olajd
l,dj' l%s j 1600-1800 ld,fha ol=Kq we;' wOHd;añl .=Khg jvd ndysr
bkaoSh n,mEu l,djg ,eî we;' f;acjk; a nj olajhs' .eUqre olaIK s djD;
.v,dfoKhs nqoO
a
96. fmdf,dkakre wjêfha isÿjQ flia jeáh yd isrim a ; olj
a d we;' mgs qmi
m%;sudj
fpda, n,mEu .ïfmd< yd iqúi,a /ia j<,a,ls' Öjrh taldxYh'
uykqjr hk wjê olajdu ;rx.d ldr /<sh' ùrdik bßhõj
meje;K = s' wkr q dOmr q yd ksrEms;h' .fvd,a yd nodu udOH ù we;'
fmdf,dkakre nqÿ ms<suj, ;snQ Ohdk uqødj ksrEms;h' j¾Ks; m%;sudjls'
wdOHd;añl .K = h fjkqjg ùrdik bßhõj yd Ohdk uqødfjka hl q a;h'
.ïfmd< yd uykqjr m%;sud isrim a ; we;' ;rx.d ldr Öjrh" újD;
,xld;s,l nqoaO iòyd Ndyr s w,xlrKh m< s snò
97. fofk;a olakg we;' w,xldr ulr f;drK

m%;sudj jeä ie,el, s , a la olajd we;' mg
s qmi fjhs' .fvd,a yd nodu udOH ù we;'
yskaÿ foúfhl= fuka f;acjka; j¾Ks; m%;sudjls'
nj fmkù a u wruqK úh'
fla;=ud,dj" mN % duKv a ," ulr f,kaúydrh we;=<; msyá s m%;sud iuyQ hls'
f;drK jeks wx. we;=<;a fldg .ïfmd< m%;sudj,g jvd fi!uH ,laIK
we;' ir s iam;" újD; fofk;a" ms<sìUq lrhs' j¾K .kajd we;' ;rx.d ldr
;rx.dldr Öjrh" mq¨,a uqyK q " Öjrh taldxY lr we;' m%;sud m%udK
oUq,,a úydrfha noqaO
98. j¾K.ekajQ fof;d,a olakg uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lr we;s ki s d iajdNdúl
m%;sud
Y%S ,xldj
we;' ìhlre fmkqula ksrEmKh .;s fmkajhs' olIa K

s djD; flia yd isrim a ;
fõ' uykj q r m; % sud .ïfmd< fmdÿ ,laIKh' ùrdik bßhõj h' j¾K
m%;sudj,g jvd fi!uH ,lI a K .ekajQ ulr f;drKh' .fvd,a yd nodu
fmkajhs' udOHh ù we;'
f,day l,d k¾ s udK' wkqrdOmqr wjêfha wjidk
jd;a;= lsÍfï Nd.hg wh;ah' l%s j 7-8 ishjia
jïmig we,ù ßoauhdkl Q +, bßhjlska isg
l%ufõofhka ks¾udKh úh yel' f,dl a v udOHh jd;; a =
f.k ià s ' oE;a 4 ls' ia;%S md¾Yjfha tla
99. w¾OkdÍ kfÜYajr l< m; % sud olakg we;' lsÍfï Y, s aml%ufhka ks¾udKh
w;la iq,,; s j my,g oud we;' wfkflys
yqfola fïjd f,diÜ a lr we;' ol=Kq w¾Oh ia;%Shla o
ixLhls' msßñ oE;j a , kd.fhl= meg,S ià s '
jelaia (Lost Wax) l%uhg jï w¾Ofhka mqreI rejla o
ks¾udKh l< tajd fõ' ksrEms;h' m¾ Q K Wkak;h'
wkqrdOmqr wjêfha wjidk
Nd.hg wh;ah' l%s j 8-9 ih s jia
,,; s dik bßhõjh' olK = ; lgl yia;
wjf,dalf;aYajr úh yel' fjfyr.,ska yuq úh'
100. uqødjh' u;m= sg rka wdf,m
a ;
s h' ukd
fndaêi;j
a m%;sudj f,dl a v udOHfhka jd;; a = lr
ldhjHjÉfPoal ,laIK fmkajhs'
we;' uydhdk ixl,a=mhls' mQ¾K
Wkak;h'
uydhdk ixl,=amhls' ldk; a d
ùrdik bßhõjh' ysi jï mihg;a fofk;a
foaj rEmhls' ßoS ñY% f,dayhlska
ol=Kq mig;a fhduqj we;' Wvqlh k.akh'
101. ud, ;drd jd;a;= lr we;' wkkH;dj
há lh ÿy, q a i,qjls' l¾KdNrK"
y`ÿkd.; fkdyels jia;=jla
.%SjdNrK" mdo i,x j,ska iqieoh
s '
w;ska ord ià s ' m¾ Q K Wkk a ;h'
Page
f,day l,d k¾ s udK' l%s j 11-12 ishjig wh;a h'
jd;a;= lsÍfï ms;a;, udOHfhka jd;a;= lÍ s fï
wef;l= mgs hk wfhla o mgs m
q iska
l%ufõofhka ks¾udKh Ys,ma l%uhg k¾ s udKh lr we;'
ldkdajlao ksrEm;
s h' myk t,, a k oïje,
102. oeo.
s u we;a myk l< m; % sud olakg we;' we;=<; l=yrhls' myfkys f;,a
ldk;a d rE follska w,xldr lr we;'
yqfola fïjd f,diÜ a .,d tau iòyd úoHd;aul
yia;shdf.a ukd wx. ,laIK kr s Ems;h'
jelaia (Lost Wax) l%uhg l%uhla Ndú; fldg we;' mQ¾K
ks¾udKh l< tajd fõ' Wkak;h'
12 ih s jig wh;h a ' iunr;dj' ;dreKH iy cj S .K= h we;'
fmdf,dkakre wxl 1 Ysj wNh uqødj yd .cyia; uqødj ksrEm; s h'
foajd,fhka yuq úh' f,dalv wfkla w;a u.ska .sksis¨j o Wvelalh s o ord
103. kgrdc udOHfhka jd;; a = lr we;' mQ¾K iàs ' Ysjf.a mxp úê l%shd ksrEms;h' úYajfha
Wkak;h' moaudikhla u; ueùu yd úkdYh ixfl; a j;a h' mfhka

msysgqjd we;' .sks is¨ iys; md.d iá s k jduk refjka wúoHdj
wdrelal=jls' ixfla;j;a fõ'
12 ih s jig wh;h a ' ukd wk; a ¾ iïnkO
a hls' Yj s f.a olK = ;ska
fmdf,dkakre wxl 5 Ysj wNh uqødj;a ju;ska jro uøqdj;a kr s EmKh
foajd,fhka yuq úh' moau fõ' wfkla w;a u.ska flfÜßhla o uf q jla
Ysj-fidauialkaO
104. mSÁldjla u; f,dalv udOHfhka o ksrEmKh fõ' md¾j;h s f.a olK = f;ys
^Ysj-md¾j;s&
mQ¾K Wkak;j jd;; a = lr we;' ks,a uyfk,a u,ls' fofokd f.a mdo
Y%S ,xldj
Ysjg jvd md¾j;sh lv = d h' ,,; s dikfhka hqla;h' øjH iy

wdOHd;aufha tl;=j fuys ixl,amhhs'
hdmyqj jdia;=úoHd 1 jk nqjfkl ndyq rc úik s a ls%
,lIa K j 1273 ld,fha bos lf<a h' ;o nEjqï iys;j bos lr we;' fldgia
105. hdmyqj msh.egfm< hdmyqj bos lÍs u wxY ;=kla lsysmhlks a hqla; h' ukd Tm uÜgï l<
hgf;a isÿ úh' ta wdrlaIl .,a mj
q re h' wdrlaIdj Wmfhda.S;djh úh'
lgh;q =$jdii:
a dk$wd.ñl
ld¾hh iòyd úh' Wia m¾j;h o ;sjxl bßhõfjka hq;a ldk;a d rejls' tla
jgd oh
s w.,a o ;snQ wdrlaIs; w;la l,jh u; ;nd wfklska mqka;,ila
mqkal<i yd ldk;a d ia:dkhls' .,a yd .fvd,a
106. ord ià
s ' bßhõj kd. rdc uqr.f,a
rEm iy;s ur
q ., udOHfhka bos lsÍï lr we;' bßhõjg iudkh' .eg.eiQ fldKavh yd
úYd, l¾KdNrK jeo.;a h'
bosrhg mekSug iQodkï bßhõfjka hl q ;a

107. isxy rEm isxy rE folls' ffY,S.; flair$úYd,
weia$o;a ixsy rEmfha ìhlre nj fmkja hs'
kgk jhk ldka;d rEm h' fnr yd

oajdr uKavmfha ;d,ïfmdg jhhs' i;a %S refõ ,d,s;Huh yd
108. leghï iqkuH nj fmkajhs' we;ï uqyqKq uo
iskyfjka hql;
a h'
Page
p;=rY%dldr wdlD;h s l W¨jyq yd jd ljq¨
ks¾udKh lr we;' ,i S a;r$fndroï$.s,ajqï
W¨jyq yd jd ljq¨
109. l=¨Kq j,ska iukú a ; h' ljq¨jg by,ska
leghï
lôs ys uqyqK iy; s ulr f;drKh' ulr
f;drK uOHfha .c ,laIó a rejh'
.ïfmd< wjêfha jdia;= 4 jk nqjfklndyq rc úik s a f.äf.a iïm%odh' YsLruh mshii a ' m%fõY
úoHdj" olK
= q bkaoSh n, 1344 oS bol
s Í
s u' .fKaYajrdpd¾h uKavmh$wk; a rd,h$.¾N .Dyh hk øúv
mEu .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh s d úh' l¨ jdia;= úoHd wx.h' udkj rE" foaj rE" we;a
.,a udOH ù we;' olK = q bkaohS rE" .j rE" yd u,a ,h s lñka ii q eos ndyr
s
.Dy ks¾udK ffY,sh' ì;a;s w,xlrKh lr we;' mf % õY
uKavmfha úúO bßhjq iy; s k¾;kfha yd
110. .v,dfoKs úydrh
jdokfha fhfok w¾O Wkk a ; leghï h'

.c isxy rE fhÿ fldrjla .,a folls'
mf
% õY uKavmfha wgmÜgï yd p;=rYd%ldr
l=¨Kh q ' fuu ;=ka wE`ÿ;= l=¨Kq bkaoSh
úch k.¾ .Dy k¾ s udK ,laIK ms<sìUq
lrhs'
ms<su f.j,a i;rla iys; ffp;H
.v,dfoKs úydrfha boslÍs uls' ffp;H jgd mßjdr ia;+m
111. úcfhd;amdh i;rls' i; a m
+ hg by,ska l=¨Kq i;rla
iys; mh s iails'
Y%S ,xldj
4 jk nqjfklndyq rc úik s a
fiakdêl,xldr weue;s ,jd mshis uÜgï ;=kla hgf;a ks¾udKh l<
lrjk ,oS' olK = q bkaoSh .Dy neúka mgs ;g uy,a wdlrfhka osia fõ'
112. ,xld;s,l úydrh ks¾udK Ys,m a sfhl= jQ mg
s ; ì;a;s mekakqï l=¨Kq" úudk yd
i:a m;srdh¾ úiska bos lrk ,oS' fndroï rgd iys; h' m%Odk fodrgqjg
.fvd,a yd yK q q nodufhka by,ska ulr f;drKls'
ks¾ñ;h' jy,h W¨ h'
3 jk úl%uNdyq rc úiska bos os.f
a .h yd jdy,l a v uKv
a mh f,i
lrjk ,oS' l;r.u foúhka fldgia folls' ufvd,a lr = emdj jeo.;a
Wfoid ks¾udKh úh' fo,u a v jdia;= wx.hls' mrd, 26 la tla fldg ;ks
uQ,dpdÍ jdia;= Ys,amhs d úh' oej ,S weKhlska iïnkaO lr we;' oejeuh
udOH h' msysôh yd .ïud¨ oej l=¨Kq mfka, y;rlska o fmalv y;rlska
113. weïnell
a foajd,h Ndú; lr we;' leghï f;aud o hql;a h' mfk, a leghï w¾O$w,am
ldKv a 5 ls' i;aj rE$l,m a ;s Wkak;h' mfka, leghï jgd cHdñ;Sh
rE$u,, a h
s lï$iudchSh ie/i, s a,ls' ffY,S.; leghï jqjo
f;aud$,Sia;r h' fk<Sfï m%ldYkh úYsIag h' orejdg lß s fmdjk uj
l%ufõoh Ndú; lr we;' fjkia f;audjls' f¾Çh nj wjOdrKh jk
ks¾udKfhda fj;a'
Page
uykqjr wjêfha jdia;= idudkH ck;djf.a mf % hdackh w,am wkak; leghï h' leghï .d%óh h'
l,dj mK
s si ks¾udKh úh' geïmg s bos iqug núka hl
q a; fkdfõ' yria nd,al
114. mkdúáh wïn,u lsÍuls' fk<f
S ï l%ufõoh Ndú; leghï lr we;' u,a,jfmdrh$k<.k yd
lr we;' fnrlrejd$k<.k$fjia keÜgqjd$khs
o`.rh$fudkr yd uqj rEm f;j
a djka h'
bkaÿksïk YsIagdpdrfha m%N+ ksjdi Wiia ;;ajfha

jdia;= úoHdj" uQ¾;s .=Kd;aufhka hql; a úh' mN % +
l,dj yd úúO uqød ksjdi iòyd kdk ldur" jeil s <
s "s
l,dj" yd uy,a ksjdi o úh' idudkH

fudfykf a cdaodfrda- ksjdi msg; k.rfha úh' tj a d
yrmamd YsIagdpdrh f,i m%Odk udj;a fomi ;ks fma<s
o y`ÿkajhs' l%s mQ 3000- jYfhka úh' iEu kj s dihlau
1500 w;r ld,hg wh;a fmdÿ ie,eiaula o tlu
h' b;d oshQKqj ;sî miqj m%udKfhka o hqla; úh' k.r wmjyk c, fmrKh" f¾lSh nj"
úkdY úh' m%Odk k.r ie,eiau úoHd;aul l%u fõohla p;=rY%dldr <sò" we;=¨ k.rfha c,
115. jdia;= úoHdj
folg wu;rj f,da;d,a wkqj úh' ksjdi fodrgq m%Odk ;gdlh" mekakqï wdrelal=j" OdkH .nvdj"
kï jrhdhla o wjfYaI ud¾.hg úreoaO osYdjg fhdod fmdÿ iqidk N+ñ" wdrlI a l lá= " k.r
k.r o úh' fj<òdu we;' Rcq fldK a Snj yd f¾Çh nj m%dldrh" f¾Çh udj;a" mh s .egfm<" ms<i
s i
a Q
flakaølr.;a olakg we;' fmdÿ ksjdi .fvd,a Ndú;h" jdia;= úoHd;aul
YsIg
a dpdrhls' úúO udkj wd,skaoh" ldurh" yd uq¨;eka ,lI a Kfhda h'
j¾. j,ska ii q eos f.hla úh' ir< núka hl q ; a h'
bkaoshdj
YsIg
a dpdrhls' l,snka.ka ud¾.hg háka c, wmjyk
ld¾ñl k.rhls' mqr ud¾.h úh' k.rh bos lÍ s fï oS
rdcH md,k l%uhla úh' wdrlI a dj yd fi!LH m< s snòj
m%Odk k.r we;=¨ ie,els,su;a úh'
k.rh yd msg; k.r yrmamdfjka yuq úh' m¾ Q K
jYfhka md%ldr u`.ska ysi$w;a yd md ke;' tja d fjku iú lr
Wkak;h' r;= je,s .,a udOH ù
fjka úh' mg s ; k.rh ;sfnkakg we;s njg idOlh' mßudKQl+,j
116. ljkO
a rej we;' fmros. udkj ,laIK
idudkH jeih s ka iòyd o ks¾udKh lr we;' mr q eI ldhla fmkja hs'
fmkajhs'
we;=¨ k.rh m%N+ka udkj foayfha iqkaor;ajh úoyd olajhs'
iòyd o úh' ms<siaiq w¨ je,.
s ,a udOH h' m¾
Q K
.fvd,a Ndú; lr we;' Wkak;h' w;amd fkdue;' ßoauhdkl
Q ,
+ nj we;' m¾
Q j
ljkOa rej ^k¾;k uQ¾;s u`.ska wd.ñl
117. Ysj ;dKavj k¾;k ú,dYhla nj msf.dÜ
bßhõj& úYajdihka m< s snò idOl olajhs'
,efí' tajd
weöu$fk<Su$jd;a;= yrmamdfjka yuq úh' f,dla v
lsÍu hk Ys,aml%u udOHh' jd;a;= lsÍfï Y,
s ma l%uh isyska ldk;
a d rejls' iïm¾Q K YÍrfhka
118. k<`.k rej hgf;a k¾ s udKh lr hs' mQ¾K Wkak;h' hqla;h' ksrej;ah' ju; mÍs .hs j<¨h'
we;' uqød u.ska úêu;a fofjd,l r`.k ia;s%hla njg u;hls'
fj<o iïnkaO;d"
Page
iudchS f;dr;r = e yd fudfykacdaodfrdafjka yuqúh'
taldxY l< i,j q ls' tys ;=ka fm;s u,a
f,aLK l,dj ms<n s ò ysß.,a udOH h' fk<f S ï Y,s am
rgdjls' wvjka fofk;"a uv q q yi
s " me;e,s
f;dr;r = e wkdjrKh l%uhhs' fudkaf.da,shdkQ udkj
kdih" mgq k<," mq¨,a fof;d,"a >k há
fõ' úúO yevfhka yd foay ,laIK fmkj a hs'
119. mQcl rej /jq,lska hqla; h' ffY,. s ; ,laIK we;'
úúO udOHfhka uqød
mqreI rejls' ysi yd olK = f;ys .dxpqjla
ks¾udKh úh' Wkak;
iys; máhls' mQcl rejla úh yels njg
yd wj-Wkak; l%uhg
ms<s.kS'
fïjd ks¾ñ;h'
bkaÿksïk YsIagdpdrfha ms<siaiQ ueá fyj;a fgrdfldgd

jdia;= úoHdj" uQ¾;s udOHh' weöfï Y, s aml%uh'
m%d:ñl ,laIK fmkj a hs' mq¨,a Wl=<"
120. ujq foj`.k l,dj yd úúO uqød m%udKfhka lv = dh' rEm rdYshla
mshjr
q e yd wdNrK j<ska hlq a;h'
l,dj" we;'
fudfykf a cdaodfrda-
yrmamd YsIagdpdrh f,i w,am Wkak;h' wx iy;
s yi s a m<òkdjls' fhda.dik
bkaoshdj
wxiy;
s o y`ÿkajhs' l%s mQ 3000- bßhõjls' rEmhg miq ìfuka rhf s kda$ó
121. foú$mY=m;s$fhd.
a dik 1500 w;r ld,hg wh;a .jhd$w,hs d yd fldáhd hk i;=kah'
foú h' b;d oshQKqj ;sî miqj wlaIr úfYaIhls' wdikhg háka t¨jka
úkdY úh' m%Odk k.r fofofkls'
folg wu;rj f,da;d,a wj-Wkak;h' wlaIr iy;
s h
kï jrhdhla o wjfYaI
rela foú$Yd%jl yd k.r o úh' fj<òdu rela wdrelal=jla u; iá
s k rejls' ta wi,
122. t¨jd t¨ rEmhls' my; ñksia rE fm<ls'
flakaølr.;a
YsIg
a dpdrhls' úúO udkj
Page
j¾. j,ska ii q eos w,m
a Wkak;h' wlaIr we;'
YsIg
a dpdrhls' l,snka.ka
ld¾ñl k.rhls' mqr
rdcH md,k l%uhla úh'
m%Odk k.r we;=¨
k.rh yd msg; k.r
jYfhka md%ldr u`.ska
fjka úh' mg s ; k.rh
idudkH jeih s ka iòyd o
we;=¨ k.rh m%N+ka
iòyd o úh' ms<siaiq
.fvd,a Ndú; lr we;'

uQ¾;s u`.ska wd.ñl
jHd>h
% ska fookd iy úYajdihka m< s snò idOl igka bßhõjls' uOHfha ñksid fomi
123. ñksid ,efí' tajd jHd>h
% ska u`äk wdldrhla oelf
a õ'
weöu$fk<Su$jd;a;=
lsÍu hk Ys,aml%u
hgf;a k¾ s udKh lr
we;' uøqd u.ska úêu;a
fj<o iïnkaO;d"
iudch S f;dr;r = e yd
f,aLK l,dj ms<snò
f;dr;=re wkdjrKh
fõ' úúO yevfhka yd
úúO udOHfhka uqød
ks¾udKh úh' Wkak;
yd wj-Wkak; l%uhg
fïjd ks¾ñ;h'
fu!¾h l,dj' ls% mQ 3-4 uq,au fn!oaO ia;+mh hs' .,a iy fõêh kï mdouls' w¾O f.d, a dldr
ld,fha .%Sl .fvd,a udOH ùu' oejfhka bos .¾Nhh' .¾Nh uqÿfka .,a .rdòs jegls' ta
bkaosjdj
wef,li a ekv a ¾ md,kh l< f;drK i;r uOHfha hm Q h kï lKqjl P;% ;s%;ajhls'
124. idxÖ i;
a +mh mrojd pkøa.=m; a rcq P;% l%ufhka by,g l=vd fõ' fjêhhg
n,h mys gs qùu' fu!¾h by,ska m%olaIKs d m: folls' tajd wä 16 l
wjêh fuu rcq f.ka mr;rhlska hl q ;
a h' m%olaIK
s d m: .,a .rdòs
wdrïN fõ' ms<sfj<ska jeglska hqla;h'
Page
pkaø.m= ;
a " ìkaÿidr" wêrdcHhg wh;a m%foaYj,
wfYdla n,hg m;ù a u' ia;ïN bos lf<a h' we;ï tajd
ld,sx. hqoaOfhka miq f,aLK iys;h' fndfyda i; a ïN
wfYdla nqÿ oyug keUqre nqoaO pß;hg iïnkO a k.r
md,khla wdrïN lsÍu" flakaøfldgf.k boú s h' l=¨K
rcH md,kh myiq lr wêhr follska hl q ;a h' ta ysi yd
.ekSug tjlg ckms%h lò jYfhks' ÿUr q e meye je,. s ,a
nqÿ oyu wEod .ekSu' udOHh ù we;' l=¨Kq ysi i;aj
wfYdla rdcH mq¨,a rEmfhka hl q ;
a h' l=¨K by,g
lsÍug iòyd nqÿ oyu hkúg l%ufhka isyska h'
f,!ßhdkkao.¾ isxy rejla l=¨K uqÿfkys we;' l=¨Kq lò
125. wfkla rgj,go jHdm; a ugis,á s h' l=¨Kq yi s ys
ia;ïNh' ug i,s á
s h' leghï rys;h'
lsÍu' fn!oO a wd.ug ;,h$>KaGdj fldgfiys by,

rdcH wk. q %yh ,eîu' i;aj rEm yd O¾u pl% wdosfhka
fn!oOa boslsÍï wdrïNh' iukaú;h' ^m¾ih s dkq l=¨Kq
f.dvke., s s ioyd fhdod we;'
tajdfha fldgia ;=kls'
w,xlrKh yd Wmfhd. a S;dj
wruK q ù we;' tfy;a wfYdal
ia;ïN m¾idhkq l=¨Kq j,k s a
wdNdih ,nd fkd.;a nj
mejeih s fkdyel&
bkaoSh rdcH ,dxPkhg fhdod l=¨Kq uqÿfkys ixsy rE 4 ls' tajd ukd
we;s isxy rE fuhska Wmg q d we;' m%ldYk .K = fhka hqla;h' YS¾I ;,h jgd
126. idrdk;a ia;ïNh we;a" wi"a .j" ixsy rE j,ks a hl
q ;
a h' tajd
ol=Kq mig .uka lrhs' i;j a rE w;r O¾u
pl%h' l,d;aul nj ;Sjh % '
h:d iajrEmfhka we;s jDIN rEmhls' Y¾

S I
127. rdïmQ¾jd ia;ïNh
;,h jgd WoNa so fudi
a a;rhls'
Page
id;jdyk l,dj' fu!¾h .,a udOHfhka ks¾udKh' w,m a -
wjêfha idxÑ i;a m
+ h Wkak; leghfuka hqla; ùu' f;drfKys iEu me;; a lau leghfuka
jgd bos l< oej f;drK osYd y;rg f;drK i;rls' hqla;h' leghï iòyd nqoO a pr;h$cd;l
i;r id;jdyk h. q fha oS oejeka; .,a lKq folla u; l;d$ft;sydil s l;d f;aud fõ' cd;l
.,ska k¾s udKh lf<a h' yria w;g fh¥ .,a mqjre folls' l;d wLKv a l:k l%uhg úia;rd;aulj
tajd Wv,sm;a f,i yeòskafõ' ks¾udKh lr we;' ml % dYk .K = h w¾O
fl<jr ;,a m;la frd, a a jK q ;d;aúlh' nqÿka fjkqjg
wdldrfhka ks¾ñ;h' my< fndaêh$jcd%ikh$O¾u plh % iy ;j;a jeks
Wv,smf;a hg l=¨Kg iïnkaO ixfla; fhdod we;' fndaêi;j a ßka
128. idxÑ f;drK l< jdia;= úoHd wdOdrlh ksrEmKfha oS o ixfla; we;=<;a lr we;'
uq¾;shla f,i olajd we;' ta cd;l l;d j, mO % dk pß;h úYd,j olajd
id,Nxcl s d î,a w;a;la ìòk s akS& we;' leghï bosßm;a lsÍfï oS ysia ;eka wvq

kï hlaIKS rejhs' iEu h' id,Nxcl s d rE bkaoSh m%d:ñl úYajdi h'
Wv,sm;la w;r fl,jrg jkakg fjiaika;r$Poaoka;$uyd lms jeks cd;l o
we;a$nyr s j$ixsy rE fhdod we;' uydudhd isyskh$ixlii a mr
q g jevu
bkaoshdj
Wv,sm;a u; .,ska l< ùu$wNskI s l

a %uKh$udr mrdch$wfYdl rc
isxy$yi; a s$wYaj$.j$jDIN$ñksia Y%S uyd fndaêh jeòSu hk f;aud o
wdoS u¾
Q ;s h' f;drK uqÿfkys ksrEms;h'
O¾u pl%h yd ;%S Y+,h oelf a õ'
iqx. l,dj Ndre;a ia;+mh jgd we;s fYI a jq .,a lKq j, hlaI yd hlaIKS rEm o
.,a jegls' jeg i; a ïN" udjr" iqÑ jefgys cd;l l;d fukau nqoaO pß;fha
hk wx. olakg we;' jeg uqÿfka l;d o we;=<;a h' leghï yS ;%sudK nj"
we;s .,a mqjrej m%dldr Y¾ S I iajdNdúl;ajhg jvd ixl,amS nj" ñksia
,S,dj kï h' fi,, a sms iy; s l;d bßhõ oelaùfï l=i,;d" fndi a ;=kaf.a i;aj
jia;= yd fi,a,sms ry; s l;d jia;= wd;au muKla ksrEmKh" l;d ,>q fldg
f,i fofldgils' udOH .,a h' oelaùu" m%Odk pß;h úYd,j oelù a u"
129. Ndre;a .,a jeg
w,am-Wkak; lehghï h' m%d:ñl úYajdihkg a wh;a l,d wx. oelaùu
^.ila je<ò.;a hlaIKS rEm&" idxÑ leghï
fuka icSù núka wvq h' lr = ex. ñ.$rEre
ñ.$uyd lms$Pooaka;$ll = alg= hk cd;l
l;d o uyd udhd iy s skh$fca;jkh
msoSu$bkaøid, .=ydj jeks f;aud o we;=<;a
h’
Page
.kaOdr l,dj' j¾;udk udOH r;%x h' w,m a -Wkak;h" ldisfha tla mfil lKsIal rej;a wfkla
mdlsia:dkh yd jd;a;= lsÍu fyda fk,Su úh yel' mfia nqoaO rej;a w,am-Wkk a ;j olajd we;'
lKsIla rcq f.a rka
130. wema>ki s :
a dkh m%foaYhs' ffY,. S ; ,laIK fmkajhs' Öjrh fojr q
ldih
s
.%Sl iïNjhla we;s jid we;' /ia ud,dj ksrEms;h' nqoafOda hk
l=IdKhka l%s j 1-5 jpkh .%Sl NdIdfjka olajd we;'
ld,fha .kO a drh .kO a dr m%;asud j, fmdÿ ,laIK .%Sl-frdau l,d ,laIK$ñá núka hl q a; yá
s
md,kh lf<A h' f,i uqyqK .%l S wemf,da fyj;a ms<suhls$Ndj ml % dYkh ÿ¾j, h$/<s iys;
fyd¾Ü ukaod¾ nqÿ l=IdKhhs nÿqoyu
131. ysre foúhka f.a ú,difhka ysi$WIK a I
S h$wemef,da foú fuka uqyqK o
ms<suh je<eò .ekSu ki s d fmkaùu" uola újr jQ os.= fk;a" ,ïN l¾K$W¾K frdauh jeks foaYSh
.kO a drfha kj ,ïN l¾K" Rcq kdih" iy s ska ,lI a K o we;< = ;a h'
ixil a D;shla we;s úh' fof;d," /<s iys; ysi" úYd,j
Tjqkaf.a l,dfõ .%Sl- oelj a Q WIK a SIh" .S%l fgd.a dj jeks foaYSh ,laIK$iudë .=Kh jeks Ndj

frdau yd fmros. fojr q jeiQ Öjrh" isjf q ¾ /<s >k m%ldYh$jglr = e uqyqK$we`.g we¨K úksúo
132. fn.%ï ms<suh
,lI a K we;=<;a fõ' yd ij a dNdúl ùu' iqug .,a fmfkk Öjrh$fojqr jeiQ nj$Wi wvq
bkaoshdj
l=IdKfhda m: % u jrg úfYI a hla udOHh úh' h$hul md%;ys d¾h ksrEm;s h'
nqÿyq rEm ldfhka Öjrh yd WIK a SIh .%Sl-frdua ,laIK
oelù a ug lghq;= lf<a fmkajhs$ysòs m<s suhls$Öjrh o.s = neúka
133. ;l;
a snyS¾ m<
s suh h' ta io`yd lI = dKhska wdik l%uh wmeyeo, s s h$mu
% dK wkqmd;
f.a .%Sl m< s su jkaokh ÿ¾j,h$W¾K frdauh$,ïN l¾K$ir,
ms<snò wdl,m a h m%Nd uKav,h olakg we;'
fy; a =úsh' tjlg bkaoSh O¾upl% uqødj yd moaudik l%uh olakg
uydhdk wd.fï n,mEu we;$.kO a dr m%;sud ,laIK wvq ù nÿqkf a .a
134. iyß-nyf
a ,d,a m<
s suh o fy; a = úh' l=IdKhska uyd mrq eI ,laIK fmkajd we;$Öjrh
nqÿ oyu rdcH wd.u taldxY h$ir, m%Nd uKv a ,hls$wdikh hg
lf<ka md,kh myiq mija . ;jqika h$fomi isxy rE folls'
úh'
h:d¾:jdojS fndai;=ka kr
s EmKh lr
135. ÿIalr l%shdj ms<suh we;$ir, m%Nd uKv a ,hla iy Ndjkdfhda.S
bßhõjls'
Page
u:qrd l,dj' l%s j 1 u:qrd nÿq ms<sufha úfYI a ,laIK jevyqka m<
s suhls$ixsy rE iys;
ishjig wh;a h' w;r ir, yd cSj .=Kh$wvjka wdikhls$ol=K;ska wNh uøqdjh$ju;
lKsIal rcq f.a md,k fofk;a$ukoaiañ;h$,ïN l¾K mdoh u; ;nd we;$Öjrh we`.g we,S
136. l;%d noqaO m;
% sudj ld,fha u:r q dj jeo.;a yd W!¾Kfrdauh$wlU a nre jka we;$Öjrh f¾Ldfjka olajd we;$fidïkia
k.rhla úh' fuys ìys ysi$WIaKI S h$taldxY iy.; Ndj ml % dYkhla we;$ir, m%Nd
jQ l,dj ngyr s g fhduq Öjrh$ßoauhdkl Q ,+ /,s$msßmqka uKav,hls$fomi bkøa yd n%yau h$by,ska
bkaoshdj jQ .dkOa dr l,dj fuka YÍrh$w,xldr m%Nd foaj rE folls$w¾O-Wkak;h'
fkdj foaYSh ,lI a K uKav,h$wdik l%uh yd uqød
iys;j oh s Kq q jQ l,djla oelú a h yel' u:r q d l,dj iòyd
f,i yeòska fõ' rl; a j¾K mdIdK udOHh ùu' ysá m%;sudjls$yi
s olakg ke;$we`ÿu
.dkOa dr l,djg ms<su u; nodu fyda rka wdf,am cHdó;h S ,lIa K iy; s h$fudxf.da,shdkQ
foay ,laIK fmkj a hs$mdjyka we;$lvqjla
137. lKsIl
a rc iuld,Skh' u:qrd lr ;sîu'

l,dj foaYSh ,laIK yd fixflda,hls$.S%l wlaIr u`.ska lKsIal
j,ska hql; a jQ w;r nj olajd we;$lKsIl a ldih s g iudk
bkaoSh ck uQ,sl rEmhls'
l,dfjka if q mdaIs; úh'
Page
wurdj;S l,dj' oS¾> wurdj;S leghï l,dfõ fmdÿ i;rjrï foúhkaf.a fufyishka uydudhd
b;sydihla we;s ,lI a K wudrj;S ia;m+ hg wh;a wfkda;ma; ú,g f.k f.dia kyjk whr q e
138. uyd udhd isyskh wurdj;sh wdkaø leghïys y`ÿkd.; yel' yK q q .,a ksrEms;h' w,am-Wkak;h' os.á rEm
m%foaYfha meje;s fn!oaO úfYI a hla udOHh ù we;' cd;l ßoaudkql+,j ks¾udKh lr we;' m%Odk
uOHi: a dkhls' fu!¾h l;d yd nqoO a pß;fha iÿsùï pß;h úYd,h' wdh;-p;r = Y%dldr mj
q rejls'
rdcHhg miq øúv ck f;aud ù we;' nqoaO pß;h iòyd
j¾.hla jQ wdkaøhka nqÿ ixfla; uq,a ld,Skj fhdod jD;a;dldr .,a mjq rejl w,am-Wkak;j
rdy,q l=ure odhdo iuh je<ò .ekSu u; .;a;o miqj noqaO pß;h fhdod
139. we;' uOHhfha nqÿyq h' rEm rdYshla úúO
b,,a Su fn!oO a l,dj ìys úh' we;' wurdj;S leghï iòyd bßhõfjka iïmK s avkh lr we;'
wdkaøfhda fmro. s yd jD;a;dldr$iu p;=rY%dldr$wdh;
wmro. s rgj,a iu. p;=rY%dldr .,a mqjre o .,a lKq jD;a;dldr mqjrejl w,m a -Wkak;h'
iïnkO a ;d meje;aù h' o Ndú; lr we;' wjldYh we;df.a l,n, ldÍ nj;a u¾okh jQ

l%s j 320 muK f;la Ndú;fha oS úYsIag;ajh olk a g whrq e;a fjku olj
a d we;' Ndj
140. kd,d.ß
s oukh
bkaoshdj
fuu rdcH meje;K = s' we;' f;audjg wod< m%Odk isÿùu m%ldYkfhka úYsIga h' úYsIg a rEm rpkh
wdkaø l,dj muKla we;=<;a h' Ndj ml % dYkh we;' tlsfklg uqjd jQ rEm we;' ukd cj S
uQ¾;s$leghï$.Dyks¾ud Wiia h' icSù yd ,d,; s Hfhka .=Kh we;' m¾hdjf,dl a k ,lI a K we;'
K f,i j¾. l< yel' hqla; h' w,am-Wkak;h' udkj rE
uydhdk ,laIK l%sj 2 iajdNdúl;ajfhka hqla;j
miq olakg we;' ksrEmKh lr we;' ir< rEm h' lehgï lKqjl olakg we;' wdh;-
laIhjDoaê ,laIK rEmj, olakg p;=rY%dldr mqjrejls' wYajdf.a l%shdldÍ
141. wNsksIal%uKh we;' tlsfklg uqjd jQ rEm h' bßhõ olakg we;' wYajhd foúhkf a .a oE;a
frdau l,dfõ ,laIK wkqj u;ska .uka lrhs' w¾O-Wkk a ; ,laIK
ks¾udKh ù we;s nj frd, a kaâ we;'
mjihs'
wurdj;S lehgï j, nqoaO m%;sud ^taldxY yd fojqr jeiQ nqÿ rEm h' ysòs yd
ksrEmKh lr we;' w,am- ysá bßhõ h& tala leghï lKqjl ysòs nqoaO
wurdj;S leghï yS
142. Wkak;h rEm folla fõ' tys taldxY l< Öjrh we;'
nqÿka ksrEmKh
ßoauhdklQ ,
+ h' isyska WIK
a I
S h yd ol=K;ska
wNh uqødjh'
Page
.=m;a l,dj' l%s j 320 oS .=ma; l,dfõ fmdÿ ,lI a K f,i u:qrd m%foaYhg wh;a h' .m = a; l,d ,laIK
pkaø.m = ;
a rc rdcHh WmYdka; yd ishqï Ndj h' msßmqka foay ,laIKh' WIaKSIh yd
md,kh;a iu. .m = a; m%ldYkh$we`.g we¨K Öjrh;a wlanUrejka yi s flia h' wvjka fofk;a"
cu,amQ¾ ysá m< s suh
143. l,dj wdrïN úh' ^l%s j tu.ska YÍrfha fiha dj uekúka uo iskyj" ,U ijka we;' ysá bßhõjls'
û:qrd yá
s m<s suh&
4-7 ishji& u:r q d olaùu$iajfoaYSh ,laIK$msßmqka WoaNso rgd iys; w,xldr mN % duKav,hls'
mf
% oaYh yd idrdkd;a nj$WIK a SIh iu. wlaUnrejka fojqr jeiQ Öjrh ßoauhdkl Q +, /<s iys;h'
mf
% oaYh .=ma; l,dfõ ysiflia fhoSu oelú a h yel' we.g we¨Kq nj olajd we;'
flakaøia:dk h' u:qrd idrdkd;a .r = el, = hg wh;a h' .=ma; l,dfõ
l,dfõ úYsIag;u úYsIg a ;u lD;sh hs' Ndj ml % dYkh úYsIagh'
wjêh f,i .=ma; l,dj pQkd¾ kï yqKq.,a úfYaIhla udOH ù we;'
oelú a h yel' u:r q d moaudik l%uh yd Oïupll a uqødj h'
144. idrdkd;a nqÿ m<
s suh l,dfõ os.=jla f,i mij a . uyKqkag ouila meje;=ï foiSu

bkaoshdj
.=ma; l,dj oelaúh f;audjhs' wvjka fofk;"a uo iskyj" ,U

yel' ijka we;' ;s%fldaKdldr wdlD;shls' fojqr
jeiQ Öjrh ih s qï /,a,la u`.ska olajd we;'
ihs qï WoN
a os rgd iy; s m%Nd uKav,hls'
fu!¾h wjêfha ig s wcka;d is;=jïj, fmdÿ ,laIK ye`.Sï m%ldYkh" kdgH rEmS boß s m;a lsÍu"
wcka;dj wdrïN jqjo f,i" fgïmrd .;s ,laIK" mßudK ,laIK" icSù f,i
tys is;=jï iïm%odh Ys,ma l%uh$Lkcs uh j¾K$úúO rEm ixrpkh" wod< isÿùu j¾K u`.ska ;Sj%
.=m;
a wjêhg wh;a h' j¾Khkaf.a mf % Nao Ndú;h$l¨ lsÍu" m%odk pß;h úYd,j oelù a u" Ndj
is;=jï l%s j 1-8 ld,hg meye;s Ndysr f¾Ldj$nqoO a pß;h" mQ¾K iq,,; s f¾Ldj l,d ,lI a K iòyd
145. wcka;d .=yd i;
s =jï
wh;a h' ft;sydil s f;aud" cd;l l;d WodyrK h'
f;aud ùu$f,df a ld;
a a;r yd moaumdKS fndi a ;a$wmaird rEm$Poaoka;
f,!lsl nj$.=ydj, iEu cd;lh$urKdikak l=ußh$nqÿka lsUq,aj;g
i:a dkhla u Ñ;% yd ie/i, s s jevu ùu$úchdj;rKh hk f;aud oelaúh
u`.ska w,xlrKh oelaúh yel' yel'
Page
m,, a j l,dj' olK = q yskaÿ ñ;Hd úYajdi f;aud ùu'
bkaoSh l,d iïm%odhls' .,a udOH ùu' m,, a j jdi;
a =
ir, yd l=vdu foj
a d,h hs' i;/ia h' w;=
146. fø!moS r: foajd,h l%s j 4-9 ih s ji olajd úoHdj jHQyd;aul ,laIK wkqj fiú,s l< wdldrfhka oelf a õ'
meje;K s ' yk s aÿ wd.ñl fldgia folls'
miì q u u; f.dvke`.K = 1' fk<k ,o foajd,
fï l,dj ldkaÑmqrï 2' jHQyd;aul foajd,
k.rh flakaø úh' fø!moS r: foajd,hg wh;a mdofï we;'
147. w¾cqk r: foj
a d,h m,, a j rdc jxYh úiska msróvdldr jy, ie,eiaiu h' wgmÜgï
foajd, yd u¾ Q ;s YsLrhla we;'
ks¾udKh lf<a h'
m,, a jhka f.a rdcH
NdIdj fou< úh' 1 jk

Rcq fldaKdi%dldr ìï ie,eiauls' wUrdj
148. NSu r: foajd,h ufyakaøj¾uka ^l%s j
580-630& .,a wdY%; s jka ^barral vault& jy< h'
foajd, ks¾udKh lf<a
h' 1 jk krisïyjdrï
ûyd u,a,& udu,a,mr q ï w¾cqk r:hg jvd úYd,h' wdlD;sfhka
149. O¾u rdc foj
a d,h fyj;a ch.;a k.rh w¾cqk r: foj a d,hg iudkh' l=¨Kq olakg
l,d;aulj bos lf<a h' we;' ih
s qï ie/i, s s wx. we;'
s dj
udu,a,mqrï l,dj
bkaoh
iòyd wdkaø mf % oaYfha

pd¨lHhka f.a wdNdih
,eìK' uyd u,a, rcq yqol,dj k¾
s udKh lrk ,oaols' wUrdj
150. kl,
= iyfoaj r:
ia:dhS l¨ .,a jka jy, h' ir, h'
^Monolithic Shrines&
u`.ska foajd, bos lf<a jHqyd;aul foajd,hls' l%s j 8
h' mxp r: udu,, a mr q ï ih
s jig wh;a h' .,a u`.ska bols r
msróvdldr jy," wgmÜgï YsLrh" wUrdj
151. fjrf<a foajd,h ys oelhs yels úYsIg a we;'
iys; úudk olakg we;'
ks¾udKh'
uyd u,a, rcq wdldY
.x`.djfrdayK leghu w¾O-Wkak;h' l¨ .,a ;,djla
iòyd wk. q %yh oelú a h' u; ks¾udKh lr we;' fldgia ;=klska hql; a leghuls' .x`.d
ta újD; leghuls wjldYhg újD; leghuls' l%s j kosh$l=vd i;=ka" ñksia yd foaj;d
Ôpen-Air Relief&' 7 muK wh;a h' rEm$cj S udk m%udKfha we;a mj, q hk wx.
2 jk krisïyjdrï ^l%s ;%s;ajh olakg we;' ;ks llf = <ka isg.;a
152. wdldY-.x`.djfrdayKh
j 690-728& 8 jk ;dmi rejla yd ta wi, Ysj foú h'
Y;j¾Ifha oS fjrf<a wdLHdk.; iajrEmh yd ij a dNdjjdoS
foajd,h yd ffY,h s olakg ,efí' we;a rE icSj
ffl,dikd: foajd,h wdldrfhka boß s m;a lr we;' ixlS¾K h'
bos lf<a h'
Page
fpda, l,dj' olK = q ksrEmKd;aul l,djls' ffY,. S ;
;ñ,akdvqfõ ;kf a cd¾a ys we;' 1 jk
bkaoSh l,d iïm%odhls' h' fpda, jdi;
a = úoHd bol s sÍï rdcrdc wk. q %yh oelaù h' .,a Ndú; lr
l%s j 900-1300 w;r jHQyd;aul h' fpd, a jdia;= f.dvk`.d we;' msg; yd we;< = ; f.dma r
q
153. rdc rdfcY
a ajr foajd,h ld,hg wh;a h' úoHdfõ m%Odk wx.h f.damr q h hs'
folls' úudk ,laIKh' ffY,S.; leghï
fpda, l,djg m%ia;+; yskÿa h' foajd, ie,eiau m%olaIK s d
wd.ñl ixl,am j,k s a ,eìK' m:h$wk; a rd,h$.¾N .Dyh hk wx.
;%s;ajfhka iukaú; h'
f,dla v udOHh h' jd;a;= lÍ s fï Ysj-md¾j;S újdyh f;audj hs' Yj s wfkla
Ys,am l%uh h' mQ¾K-Wkak;h' rE j,g jvd úYd,j oelf a õ'
154. l,HdK iqkaor uQ¾;sh md¾j;S$úIK a q$,laIaó hk pß; we;=<;a h'
bkaoshdj
msßñ foj a ;djka ksrEmKfha oS ldka;d rE

j,g jvd úYd,j k¾ s udKh lr we;'

fk<f S ï Ys,am l%uhhs' w¾O- rdcrdfcaYajr foajd,fha we;s leghuls'
Wkak;h' .,a udOHh ù we;' ihs ¨ oekqï j, ysñlre hkak fï
155. Ysj olaIsK u¾
Q ;sh uQ¾;sfhka ksrEmKh fõ' rdc-,S,didk
bßhõj h' kq. rella wi, h' ffY,. S ; h'
w;a i;rls'
jd;a;= lsÍfï Ys,am l%uh hs' Ysj k.ak ú,dYfhka fhd. a f
s hl= f,i
mQ¾K-Wkak;h' f,dalv udOHh ù oelafõ' w;a i;rls' ;sjxl bßhõjls'
156. Ysj NslaIdgk uQ¾;h
s we;' cx.uYS,s njla ksrEms;h'
Wvell a sh$md;%h$;S% Y+,h w;a ys fõ' ol=Kq
miska mksk uf q jls'
fuda.,a l,dj' m¾ih s dkq f,!lsl f;audjka l,dõ mi % a;+;

yd fuda.,a md,kh w;r úh' miq l,Sk fud. a ,a l,dfõ f.d,
a d ldr YL
s rh" lß
s .re`v udOHh" yd
157. gÊ uy, ;snQ ineòshdj u; bkaoSh ,laIK olakg ,efí' N+ñ leghï olakg we;' fudaia;r yd u,,a h
s lï
fud. a ,a l,dj wdrïN o¾Yk" i;aj rEm" ovhï o¾Yk" u.ska w,xlD;h'
fõ' igka o¾Yk yd rc mjq, f;aud
ùh' m¾hdjf,dl a k ,laIK"
rdclh
S kfa .a cSú; ml
% dYkhls' ndnq¾ iu.
bkaoshdj
úia;rd;aul rEm f.dvke`.Su"

fiajlfhda o .sßl=¨ iy; s ukaosrhla o
158. ndnQ¾ WoHdk kÍ
s laIK ih
s qï f¾Lj Ndú;h" j¾K
ixl,kh" fudi a a;rd¨l,+ nj iys; N+ o¾Ykhls' Ñ;%fha iEu wx.hla u
fud.a ,a l,dfõ ,laIK h' wjOdrKh jk mßos weò we;'
hqo o¾Ykhla ji;a =úIh ù we;' l%shdldÍ
bßhõfjka hqla; we;a rE h' Ñ;%fha
wland¾ rcq f.a hqO
159. p,kd;aul nj Woaom S kh lr we;' le,eô,s
o¾Ykh
iajdNdjh we;' úúO bßhõfjka hql;a
udkj rE h'
Page
rdÊmq;a l,dj' fuda.,a úia;rd;aul nj" ishqï
hï rd.hlg wkqj k¾ s udKh lrk,o
l,dfõ n,mEu f¾LdlrKh" WÑ; j¾K
rd.rd.sks Ñ;% ^f;daä is;=jïh' rd.hg wod, iajr ud,dj
160. fy; a f= jka md%foaYhs j ixl,kh" ;%sudK ,laIK"
yd flfyfodr a rd.h& fya;f= jka i;
s ays yg .kka d Ñ;a; fõ.S
f.dvke`.=Kq l,djls' m¾hdjf,dla K ,lI a K rdcm
a q;a
iajdNdjhka is;=jug k.d we;'
fud. a ,a ffY,shg l,dfõ ,laIKh h'
iudkh' kuq;a yskaÿ
bkaoshdj wd.ñl f;audjka jia;=
úIh úh' N.j;a
mqrdKh" .S; f.dú a kaoh"
rils m%shh" uyd Ndr;h" yskaÿ idy;
s Hfha fma%uKh
S pß; ji;a =úIh
161. rdOd l%sIaKd rdudhKh" hk idys; jQjls' ukd m%ldYk iajdNdjfhka hlq a; h'
uQ,dYj % , isÿùï jia;=

úIh úh' rcjdi,"
iajdNdj oyu" ovhï
o¾Yk o jia;= úIh ùh'
Bcsm;a = jdia;= úoHdj' l%s mQ 2580-2560 muK ld,hg

Bcsma;= jdi; a = jdoHdjg wh;a h' j¾;udk Wi wä 455 ls' msróvfha uqyK
q ;aj, uDÿ .,a mqjre w,,
a d
162. l=*Q msßóvh yd l,djg moku jQfha l=*Q mdrdjd úiska boslrk ,oS' ;snQ njg idOl we;' b;d l=vd wjldYhla
urKska u;= meje;au .,a udOHh ù we;' me/Ks Ndú;hg f.k we;'
ms<snò úYajdihhs' ta rdcOdks iuhg wh;a h'
wkqj urKska u;= l%s mQ 2570 muK wh;a h'
meje;au iòyd Tjqyq j¾;udk Wi wä 448 ls' ld*f a ¾
lgh; q = l<y' msróv mdrdjd úiska bos lr we;' .,a
boslÍ s ï fï wkqj udOHh ù we;' me/Ks rdcOdks
y`ÿkd.; yel' Bcsma;= iuhg wh;a h'
hq.h me/Ks rdcOdkS
Bcsma;=j
wjëh yd kj rdcOdkS
wjêh f,i fldgia
folls' msróv boslÍ s u
163. ld*f
a ¾ mr
s óvh mg
s ; ugis,sáj ;kd we;s njg idOl h'
ioyd oS¾> ld,hla
.;úh' uig a dnd" uy,a
msßóv îf a gma mr s óâ&"
msróv hk wji: a d
y`ÿkd.; yel' kj
rdcOdkS wjëfha mr s óv
fjkj q g m¾j; idrd
uD;foay ;ekm a ;a lrk
,oS'
Page
Bcsm;a = jdia;= úoHdj' ls% mQ 13 ishjig wh;a h' 2 jeks
Bcsma;= jdi; a = jdoHdjg rdïfiia rc oji boslf<a h' .,a foaji:a dkh bosßmi oejek;
a ffY,uh
yd l,djg moku jQfha udOHh ù we;' wiajdka fõ,a, bos m%;sud i;r 2 rdïfiia rcqf.a úh yel'
164. wni
q sïn,a foaji:
a dkh urKska u;= meje;au lsÍu fy; a f= jka fuu foj a ia:dkh m%;sudfõ my, ldka;djl yd orefjl= isá'
ms<snò úYajdihhs' ta uq,ska ;snQ ia:dkfhka bj;a fldg iQ¾h foú weoySu iòyd bosl<
wkqj urKska u;= kej; fjk;a i: a dkhl ta foaji:a dkhls'
meje;au iòyd Tjqyq wdldrfhka u bos lr we;'
lgh; q = l<y' Bcsma;= l%s mQ 1400 muK wh;a h' je,. s ,a
foaji: a dk jeo.;a jdia;= udOHh ù we;' rcqka lsysm
úoHd wx.hls' Bcsm; a =jka fofkl= hgf;a boslr we;'
Bcsma;=j
foaj uKav,hla úYajdi f.dvke., s s ixl¾S Khls'

lf<da h' bii s a" fi;a"

f;d;"a fkma;i s "a fydaria"
f¾" f.í" kq;"a fidafnla" foaji:
a k 6 lska hl
q a;h' uQ¾;s yd W;a¾K
165. ,lf
a id¾
a foj
a ia:dkh fld;i a q tjeks foú rEm we;' p;=rYd%ldr wdlD;shls' oejeka;
jreh' wlf a kg a ka rcq l=¨Kq olakg we;'
iufha foaj uKv a ,h
wfydi a slr ysre foúhka
weoeySu isÿ lf<a h'
fuu foajia:dk j¾K
.ekajQ Ñ;%fhka w,xldr
lr we;'
Page
Bcsm;a = uQ¾;s l,dj' uQ¾;s l%s mQ 3000 muK wh;a w,m
a - hqO ch.y % Khla kr s Ems; leghuls'
l,djg fya;=jQfha Wkak; leghuls' ixfla;d;aulj olj a d we;' Wli = afil= jeks
166. k¾fu¾ M,lh wd.ñl úYajdi weoeys,s fydaria foú we;' kdu¾ rcq yd mß s i
yd rcqkaf.a n,h hs' oelafõ' wfkla mi i;r = ka mrdch lrk
uQ¾;s l,dj iòyd jia;= kdu¾ rcq h' w;N a +; i;ajhska fofofkls'
úIh jQfha rcjre" l%s mQ 2470 muK wh;a h' igs .;a rE folls' fofokdu jï mdoh
rcjrekf a .a ffokl s wdOdrlhg wdnoO a j fk<d we;' bosßhg ;nd we;' idïm%odhl s yis a jeiau
cSú;h" fiajlhka yd w¾O-Wkak; ,laIK we;' iys;h' ldka;d YÍrfha wx. u;j = k fia
167. fukl
a +f¾ iy ìßh foújre h' mr s óv ;=< jia;h % olajd we;' mqreI rej há lh
rcqkaf.a u¾ Q ;s we;=<;a jia;h % lks a muKla ksrEms;h' mqreI refõ
lrk ,o=afoa hï Yla;s iïmkak nj;a .eyeKq refõ
Bcsma;=j
fy;a =jlska uD; Yír ,d,s;Hh;a olajd we;'

úkdY jqjfyd;a Tjqkf.a l%s mQ 2620-2500 ld,hg wh;a h' f,Lkfha kehe,S isákf a kl= ksrEms; h'
wd;auhkg a ;u YÍrh yqKq .,a udOHh h' mQ¾K- bosßh foi wjOdkdfhka n,d isá' ,sys,a
y`ÿkd .ekSug h' Wkak;h' Worh" .s¨Kq há yKqj wdoS u`.ska
168. ial%hsí mrudo¾YS wdlD;h s lg h:d¾:jdoS ,laIK yd ij a dNdjjdoS ,laIK
wkqj u¾ Q ;s k¾ s udKh fmkajhs' weia fjk;a udOHhlska iú lr
úh' me/Ks rdcOdkS we;'
wjêfha u¾ q ;s iòyd l%s mQ 1345 muK wh;a h' Wvq lh mrudo¾YS i; a %S iqkaor;j a h ksrEmKh lr
fmdÿ wdlD;shla úh' uq¾;shls' mq¾K-Wkak;h' we;' uy q fq Ka ukaoiañ;hls' isyska fof;d,
uOH rdcOdks wjêfha yqK. q ,ska lr iagflda nodufhka os.= f., ik q aor;j a h ;Sj% lrhs' ldhjHqy
169. fkm¾áá YdÍßl wkkH;djh iqug lr we;' ,lI a K fmkajhs' iajdNdjjdoS h' yf s iys o.
s =
olajk ,oS' Tgqkakls' j¾Kdf,am; s h' weia fjk;a
udOHhlska ;nd we;'
Bcsm;a = Ñ;% l,dj' f¾Ldj flakaøShj f.dvke`.Su" l%s mQ 1400 wh;a h' ;Síia ys fknduqka
urKska u;= meje;au uq,a me;e,s j¾Kdf,amh" ;Sre fidfydka .efnka yuf q õ' jxYdêm;sfhl=
lr.;a l,djls' ixrpkh" me;s fmkf q uka ñksia l=re¨ ovhfï ksr; ùu f;audjhs' m%Odk
170. l=re¨ ovhu mdrdjkaf.a cSjk rE weòSu" mO% dk pß;g úYd,j pß;h úYd,h' .f.a yria lvla olj a d we;'
f;dr;=re jd¾;d fldg weòSu" ffy.f a rda,sml
s aia wlaIr l%shdldÍ udkj bßhõ h' iajdNdúl ,laIK
Bcsma;=j
;eîu fuys wruK q úh' miì q ug fhoSu" wdldY- u;=jk fia i;aj rE weò we;' iSñ; j¾K
ovhï o¾Yk" hqoaO m¾hdjf,dl a kh Ndú;h" ud,djls' kj rdcOdks iuhg wh;a h'
o¾Yk" fNdack ix.%y" iajdNdúlj i;aj rE ksrEmKh"
fl;aj;= yd f.dú ;eka wLKav l:k l%uh ûó lrKh l%s mQ 2575-2551 me/Ks rdcOdks iuhg wh;a
lsÍu" ños wiajkq ksrEmKh ;=<&" iSñ; j¾K h' l%shdldß iajdNdúl i;j a bßhõ h'
171. óvïys md;a;fhda
fk<Su" uó lrKh" ud,dj iqúfYaI ,laIK fõ' ÿUqre yd l¨ j¾K mO % dk ù we;' f¾Ldj
,sx.sl o¾Yk" urKska u`.ska úia;rd;aul nj olj a hs'
Page
u;= ls%hdj,h
s wdoS udkj rE j,g jvd i;aj rE ;Sìiays fknduqka fidfydka .¾Nfhka
f;audjka y`ÿkd.; yel' icSù wdldrfhka olajhs' yuqfõ' l%s mQ 1350 jk kj rdcOdks iuhg
wh;a h' ñir Ñ;% l,dfõ Ys,m a Sh yd
kdgHdx,kdfjda iy ixl,amh S fjkil a ï y`ÿkd.; yels Ñ;%hls'
172. ix.;
S {fhda kuHYS,S ñksia rE p,khka iy; s j olajd
we;' me;s fmkqu fjkqjg udkj rE bosßhg
weò we;s wjia:djls' oekg ì%;dkH
fl!;=ld.drhl ;ekam;a lr we;'
.%Sl l,dj. .%Sl wjêh l%s we;Skd foj`.k fjkj q ka wNHka;rfha we;Skd foj`.kf.a u¾ Q ;h s ls'
mQ 750 muK ld,hg ks¾udKh lrk ,oaols' mä S hia" mg
s ; ir, w,a;drhls' Rcf q ldKa di%dldr
wh;a h' .%Sl YsIagdpdrfha le,f s la%gi"a bl;
a h
s ia boßlÍ s ï wdlD;shla we;s ìï ie,eiu a ls' fvdßla
173. md;sfkdka foajia:dkh wdoS YsIg a dpdr f,i Ys,amSka úh' udOHh lß s .re`vh' iïm%odfha oejek; a l=¨Kq h' fmäukÜ a

ñfkdj a dkq yd kï ;%f s ldK a dldr wx.hls' l=¨Kq yd nd,l a
uhsiSkshdkq hk Ndú; lr we;' .S%l iïNdjH l,dfõ
YsIg a dpdr oelú a h yel' ls% ,lI a K we;'
mQ 1000 muK fvdß a hka .%Slhka f.a m%Odk jdi;
a = me/Ksu l=¨Kq iïm%odhhs' f.dvke`.s,f a ,a
jre .S%l YsIagdpdrh úoHd;aul wx.h l=¨Kq h' úYd,;ajh yd .dïNSr;ajh wjOdrKh
f.dvke`.Sfï wdrïNh iïm%odhka lsysmhla hgf;a Tjqyq lsÍug iu;a l=¨Kls' Wiska wvqh' by,g
174. fvdßl l=¨Kq iemehSh' ls% mQ 750 oS l=¨Kq kI s amdokh l<y' hk úg l%ufhka isyska h' ysi ir<
muK ,sÅ; b;sydih fndroñka hl q ;
a h' msg; w;=,g fkrE
.%Sisfha wdrïN ùh' ir, f¾Çh we,h s ls' md;sfkdka
l,dj yd o¾Ykh foaji: a dkfha we;'
.%Sl l,dj
.%Slhka ÿka odhdohka h' isyska Wi l=¨Kls' neg¨ wx jeks

.%Sl l,djg fi!kao¾h ie/i, s a,la iy; s w,xldr ysils'
o¾Ykh miqìï úh' f.dvke`.s,a,l Wi wjOdrKh lrhs'
175. wfhdaksl l=¨Kq
.%Slfhda foaj uKv a ,hla l=¨Kq nfòys mg s ;g fkrE ir, f¾Çh
úYajdi lf<da h' foúhka wx.hls' bfrla;h s ka f.dvke`., s f a ,a yd
fjkf q jka úYd, idfudi a ays fyard foaji: a dkfha olakg we;'
foi a :a dk bos lf<a h' isyska yd Wi l=¨Kls' f.dvke., s a,l
.%Sl udkj jdoh u; úÑ;%;ajh wjOdrKh lrhs' l=¨Kq yi s
ukqIHhd fY%aIaGh hk welek; a eia m;% wkqj ie/is,s lr we;'
176. fldßka;shdkq l=¨Kq
ixl,amh fy; a f= jka .%Sl nfòys msg;g fkrE ir, f¾Çh wx.hls'
uQ¾;s l,dj úYsIag;ajhg ihS qia foaji: a dkfha fuu l=¨Kq olakg
m;a úh' .S%lfhda bol s sÍï we;'
iòyd l=¨Kq Ndú; c,h" f;,"a jhska" iqjò j¾.
l<y' ilfmdarej rEm l¨ meyefhka o f¾Ld r;= meyefhka
oeóug n`ÿka ksIamdokh lf<a h'
Ndú;fhka l< úYd, o ks¾udKh lr we;' cHdñ;sl rEms nj
177. ld, rEms ueá n`ÿka ilfmdra ej Ndú; lr we;'
nÿka olakg we;' biau;= fõ' wuq n`ÿk lgqjlska igyka lr
lerfudia yd weála hk ueá
mqïaid miqj j¾K .kajd we;'
Page
j¾. Ndú; lr we;' n`ÿk msg;
w,xldr lr we;' .%Sl ñ:Hd
l;d" wd.ñl f;aud" iudchh S yd l,q miqìfuys r;= meyefhka rEm yd
l%Svd" hqoaO o¾Yk" i;aj rEm" ie/i,s s rgd weò we;' l¨ f¾Ldj
178. rl;
a rEms ueá n`ÿka l%Svlhka"uqyÿq cSùka" yd u,a Ndú;fhka úia;rd;aul nj olj a d we;'
me,Eá olajd we;' wïfmdard" fuu n`ÿka yS rEm y;frka ;=kl
yhsä%hd" fla%g¾" f,lsf;dai"a fldgila u;=jk fia k¾ s udKh lr we;'
Thsfkdafldhs" lhs,slaia" wdoS
n`ÿka yuqfõ'

.%Sl l,dj. .%Sl wjêh l%s .%Sl wdflal h. q hg wh;a h' uq,a ld,Sk u¾Q ;s jk fï iòyd ñir
mQ 750 muK ld,hg l+frdaia mqreI rej f,i o wdNdih ,eî we;hs ie,efla' ñir
wh;a h' .%Sl YsIg a dpdrfha fldf a ¾ ia;%S rej f,io fukl a +f¾ m%;sudfõ ,laIK y`ÿkd.;
179. lf
+ rdaia yd fldaf¾
wdoS YsIagdpdr f,i y`ÿkdf.k we;' udOHh lß s yel' mqreI rej ksrej;a h' ia;%S rej ji;
a %
ñfkdj a dkq yd .re`vh' mQ¾K-Wkak;h' yd f.;+ fldKavfhka hl q ;
a h'
uhsiSkshdkq hk ukaoiañ;fhka hl q ;
a h'
YsIg a dpdr oelú a h yel' ls% ljfm;a;la úil S Í
s ug ioQdkï
uq,a lD;sh f,dl
a äka ks¾udKh lrk ,o
mQ 1000 muK fvdß a hka l%Svlfhl=f.a bßhõjla f;aud ù
njg u;hls' frdau wdlD;h s la jk fuh
jre .S%l YsIagdpdrh we;' udOH lsß .re`vh' uhsrka
180. ljfm;a; úiS lrkakd lsß.re`v uq¾;shls' YÍrfha ih
s qï fjkia
f.dvke`.Sfï wdrïNh úiska k¾ s udKh lr we;' l%s mQ
ùï .%yKh lr we;' Ndj m%ldYkh ÿ¾j,
iemehSh' ls% mQ 750 oS 450 muK wh;a h' mQrK-
h'
muK ,sÅ; b;sydih Wkak;h
.%Sisfha wdrïN ùh' l%s mQ 440 muK wh;a h'
.%Sl l,dj
l,dj yd o¾Ykh fmd,sla,g S ia kï Y,s m

a h
s d lr tla mdohlg nr oS wfkl ieye,a¨fjka
fvdßmria ^fy,,
a ord
181. .%Slhka ÿka odhdohka h' we;' m¾ Q K-Wkak;h' ;nd iás k bßhõjls' ldhjHqy ,laIK
iá
s kakd&
.%Sl l,djg fi!kao¾h ;reKfhl=f.a bßhõjla f;audj fmkajd we;'
o¾Ykh miqìï úh' ù we;'
.%Slfhda foaj uKv a ,hla mQ¾K-Wkak;h' l%s mQ 4 ih s jig
úYajdi lf<da h' foúhka muK wh;a h' ;reK y¾óia
fjkf q jka úYd, úiska ,ore vfhdaksiia jvd
tla mdohlg nr oS we;s bßhõj ksrEm; s h'
foi a :a dk bos lf<a h' f.k ià s '
mrudo¾YS mrq eI ldh ksrEm;s h' <ore refõ
.%Sl udkj jdoh u;
m%udK wkqmd;hka .eg¨ iy.; nj
ukqIHhd fY%aIaGh hk
lhs efõ' y¾óia úiska <ore vfhdaksiiag
182. y¾óia yd vfhdaksiia ixl,amh fy; a f= jka .%Sl
ños fmdl=rla fmkajk wdldrhla úYo fõ'
uQ¾;s l,dj úYsIag;ajhg
miq lf<l vfhdaki s ia jhk
s a j,g wêm;s
m;a úh' .S%lfhda bol s sÍï
foúhka úh' lD;sh f.dvke`.f S ï oS
iòyd l=¨Kq Ndú;
;dlaIKl s Wml%u Ndú; lr we;'
l<y' ilfmdarej
Ndú;fhka l< úYd,
nÿka olakg we;'
Page
fy,ki s á a l l,dj' ls% mQ lsß.re`v udOHfhka m¾ Q K-
323 oS uyd Wkak;j fk<d we;' foaj
fõokd;aul Ndj ml % dYkhla uqyqKq j,ska
wef,li a ekv a ¾ Ydmhl m%;M s ,hla f,i uy q qoska
m%ldY fõ' ldhjHy q ,laIK uekeúka
183. ,eTl+ka wêrdcHdf.a urKfhka u;= jQ i¾mfhl= úik s a msfhl= yd
olajd we;' u¾
Q ;sfha p,kh m<s snò
miq frdau wêrdcHh mq;=ka fj,d iá s k whr q e f;audj
wjOdrKh fõ'
ìysùu olajd jQ ld, hs ^f;audj m<s snò úúO woyia
fy,ksia;sl l,dj mßÉfPaoh .%l S mj;s&'
fy,ksiaál wjêh hs' khslS foj`.k f;audjhs' m¾ Q K- mshdm;a úoyd cj iïmkakj ià s ' kejel
fï ld,fha l,dfõ isÿ Wkak;h' yi s ìòS f.dia h' bosß fldgfia isák wdldrhla ksrEms;h'
idfud;
a %dia- jQ mO
% dk idOlh kï udOHh lsß.re`v h' uqyqÿ iq<`.ska jia;h % we`.g we,S we;'
184. úch.%yKfha foj`.k uQ¾;s l,fõ Ndj YÍrdx. ji; a %fha ÿy,q a nj fy;
a =fjka
m%ldYkh ;Sj% lÍ s uhs' biau;= fõ' fy,ksiaálfhda kdúl w;ska

úúO foj a weoeys,"s Yla;su;a jf Q jda h'
mdßfNd. a sl NdKv a uq,a lD;sh f,dlv h' oeka
wdkhkh" fmros. iu. we;af;a lßs .re`äka l< frdau
meje;s inò;d" wurKh S wkqrejls' mQ¾K-Wkak;h'
ixl,amh" mrudo¾YS Yla;sh .s,syS .sh YÍrhls' je;sr isà'
ñh hk f.da,j
a rhd ñhhk f.d,a finf,l= .s,syK
q q wism;ls' Ndj m%ldYkh úYsIg a h'
185. fi!kao¾h ixl,m a h f;audjhs'
neyer ùu l,dfõ fõokdldÍ nj m%ldY fõ'
iqúfYaIs idOlh'
Ndjd;aul f;aud nyq, h'
Page
frdau l,dj' frdau hqo ch.%yK ieueÍu iòyd yd ghsgia f.a hqo ch.%yK ieueÍu iòyd
wêrdcH ls% mQ 27 isg l%s wêrdcHhhka isysùu io`yd k.r fvñ;shka úiska boslr we;' ls% j m<uq
j 286 olj a d meje;K s ' oajdr j, wdrell a = bos lr we;' ih
s jig wh;a h' ;ks wdrelal=jls' fndroï
186. ghsgia wdrelal=j hqouh fya;= ksid frdau ^wdrel=j fidhd .ekSu oejeka; rgd" ie/i, s "s leghï yd .s,a¨ï l=¨Kq
wêrdcHh leã .sfha h' boslÍs ï iòyd fya;= úh& fuu we;' wdrell a f = õ hg my< fldgfia
T.ig a ia ^l%s mQ 27- l%s j ch.%yKfha wdrell= iEu fcrei,u jg,Eu kï w¾O-Wkak;
14& m%:u wêrdcHd ùh' me;a;lska u kereöug yels jk leghuhs'
g%dcdka ^l%s mQ 98-l%s j 117& wdldrfhka bol s r we;'
m<uq fldki a g
a k;a Skq ^l%s wdrelal=fõ úÑ;% leghï olakg
j 306-337& we;' lß s .re`v udOHhfhka m<uq-fldkaiagkg a hk
s a wêrdcHdf.a hqo
frdñh, q a T.iagia ^ls% j boslr we;' w¾O-Wkk a ; leghï ch.%yK ieueÍug bol s r we;' l%s j 315
frdau l,dj - jdia;= úoHdj
fldkia g
a kg
a hska 475-476& yd fndroï rgd fõ' wh;a h' uOHfha m%Odk wdrell a =j úYd,j;a

187. wdrelal=j m<uq ciaàkhka ^ls% j Wmfhd. a S;djfhka f;dr fomi wdrel= fol lv = djg;a k¾s udKh lr
527-565& iy ;j;a''''' fldßka;shdkq iïm%odfha we;' nfòys w¾O-Wkak; w,xldr leghï
wdoSyq frdau md,lfhda mekakqï l=¨Kq we;' wdrell a =j h' uq¾;s olakg we;'
jQy' uqÿfka frdau NdIdfjka úi; a r
frdaudkqfjda jdia;= olajd we;'
úoHdfõ wdrelal=j úch.%yKfha l=¨Kq hqo l=¨K wNHk; a rfha by,g ke`.Sug
fidhd .ekSu jeo.;a h' ch.%yK ieueÍug bol s r we;' i¾m, s dldr fidamdk mx;shls' fâih s dkq hqo
l,dj ;=< ùr;ajh l%s j 107-113 ld,hg wh;a h' ch.%yKhla ieueÍug k¾ s udKh lr we;'
188. g%dcdka l=¨K W;l a ¾Ihg kxjd we;' g%dcdka wêrdcHdf.a hqo fâih s ka iy frdudkj q ka w;r isÿjQ igka
ch.%yKh isys lsÍu wruK q ù o¾Yk iy; s leghï mqjre h' w¾O-Wkk a ;
we;' leghï h' rEmdj,f s ha m¾hdjf,dlak
,lIa K iy; s miq ìï f.dvke`.s,s h'
Tj,dldr ìï ie,eiauls' rx. igka o¾Yk meje;aùug fhdodf.k we;'
lgh;q = iòyd Ndú; lr we;' wYajhka wdoS i;=ka fõol s djg /f.k taug
wdrelal=j Ndú;fhka Yla;u s ;aj yelsjk mßos boslr we;' fkam:Hd .dr
boslr we;' l%s j 70-80 ld,hg we;' úYd, fma%lI a l ixLHdjlg wiqka .;
189. fldf,daishu
wh;a h' fldkal%SÜ úfYaIhla yel' Wmfhda.S;djfhka f;dr yÿq
Ndú; lr we;' w,xlrKh iòyd fvdßl" wfhdakl s "
fldßka;shka l, = Kq ysia fhdodf.k we;'
ud,l ;=kls' tajdfha wdrelal= we;'
Page
frdau l,dj' frdau frdau uQ¾;s l,dj fldgia idudkH ukqIH m%ldYkhlk s a hql;
a h'
wêrdcH ls% mQ 27 isg l%s y;rlg fnoh s yel'
cQ,h
s ia iSi¾ Wvqlh iSi¾ f.a wNHk; a r ye`.Sï ksrEmKh fõ'
190. uQ¾;sh j 286 olj a d meje;K s ' 1' ft;sydil s leghï ifï iajdNdjh" uia ms`vq j, ieleiau"
hqouh fya;= ksid frdau 2' mqoa., uQ¾;s ;d;aúlj kr s EmKh fõ'
wêrdcHh leã .sfha h' 3' fidfydka .¾N leghï
frdau l,dj - uQ¾;s l,dj

T.ig a ia ^l%s mQ 27- l%s j 4' .%Sl yd fy,ki s á
a l mg
s m;a
14& m%:u wêrdcHd ùh' lerle,, a df.a wdfõ.Y, S S pß;fha ,laIK
g%dcdka ^l%s mQ 98-l%s j 117& frdau uQ¾;s l,dj .%Sl u¾Q ;s m%ldY fõ' Tyf q .a oeä ne,u a wjOdrKh
191. lerle,,
a d
fõ' mqoa.,sl pß; ,laIK ukdj úoyd
m<uq fldki a g
a k;a Skq ^l%s fuka mrudo¾YS yd osjHuh
j 306-337& iqkaor;ajfhka neyerj oelafjhs'
frdñh, q a T.iagia ^ls% j ukqIH;h a yd ija dNdúl;ajh m%;dmj;a bßhõfjka isà' ikakdy
475-476& biau;=jk mßos ks¾udKh úh' ikakoaO we`ÿuls' T.iagia iSi¾

m<uq cià a khka ^ls% j mqoa., wNHk; a r ye`.Sï foaj;ajfhka ksrEmKh jk uQ¾;h s ls' ta
527-565& iy ;j;a''''' WoaoSmkh jk mßos ks¾udKh iòyd iqr ¥;fhl= T.ig a ia f.a mduq,
wdoSyq frdau md,lfhda lf<a h' ksrEmKh lr we;' mrudo¾YS l,d ,laIK
192. T.ig
a ia iSi¾ m%;sudj jQy' ms<sìUq lrhs' .%Sl u¾ Q ;sj, iïNdjH l,d
frdaudkqfjda jdia;= udOH lsß.re`vh ,lI a K fmkajhs' .S%l u¾ Q ;s j, tla mdohg
úoHdfõ wdrelal=j nr oS we;s wdldrfhka ksrEmKh Ndú; lr
fidhd .ekSu jeo.;a h' we;' Wvq lh jid we;s ieÜgfhys w,am-
l,dj ;=< ùr;ajh Wkak; leghuls'
W;l a ¾Ihg kxjd we;' l%s mQ 1 jk ih s jig wh;a h' /`.=ul fhfok ldk; a djla yd o`vj q ulg
fm%iaflda i; s =juls' fmdïfmhs yS uqyqK ÿka ldk; a djls' vfhdaki S ia foúhka
ú,d ñià a ßhia f.dvke`.sf,ka msoSu iïnkO a is;j = ï ud,djl tla
frdau l,dj-Ñ;% l,dj
vfhdakSiia foúhka
yuq fõ' is;=juls fï' úúO udkj bßhõ
193. msoSu-.eyeKh
s lg
iajdNdúlj bosßm;a lsÍug frdau l,dj
o`vqjï lrk wji: a dj
oelajQ Wkkaÿj meyeos<s h' ßoaudkQl+, nj
yd jia;%hkaf.a iajdNdúl nj úYaIag h'
r;= meye;s miq ìuls'
oej M,lhl weòS is;=juls'
iajdNdjjdoS ,laIK biau;= fõ' úuiqï
uó Wvl q h Ñ;h %
njla uqyqKska ml % dY fõ' mN
% + ldk;
a djls'
194. ^le/<s iy; s ysifla
w,xldr fldKv a fudi a a;rh" ú,di;s d
we;s ia;S% Wvqlh&
wdNrK wdoS olj a d we;'
********
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EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY

Cover Pain ng-The sun rise-Claude Monet

fuh jdksc mrud¾:fhka msgm;a lr úlsŒu imqrd ;ykïh'

,xld l,d ix.uh" Ydi; a %d,hSh

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kkao,d,a fndi a af.a wdNdih

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,lIa K W;al¾Ihg wdNdih" fi!uH j¾K" cHdñ;sl

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rEmhla is;=jug ke.s m<uq ol=Kmq i nqoO

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j¾Kh" me;e,s j¾K Ndú;h" hk is;; a re' fjiaika;r cd;lh

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mqkreo l,dj" .%Sl udkj .Ks;uh wkqmd; mokïj oDYH

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uefvdkakd Ñ;%" oSm; a su;a j¾K"

Wmia;sÓjdoh" iajdNdúl mßirh yd wdf,dalfha

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wêh:d¾:jdoh" m<uq Wm ú{dks; u, Q hka oDIH

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ke;s iajdNdjh l,d;aul

39. uQ,O¾uhla f,i Ndú;h" uQ¾;s

Drawing&" uqøK ^Prints and

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fldgqj$i,m;, u¨j$ mdou$

ksYaYxlu,a, rc" i;/ia fldgqfõ iQ¾h

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jkjdiS wdru l,dj f,i j¾.

WKqosh myiqj i`oyd" i;/ia .Dyhls ueo

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f.dvke`.s,s mú s if q ï we;s yuqfõ' w¾OjD;a;dldrh'

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legï olakg ,efí' mh s .eg ud<.

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mÀud>rys wdlD;sl fï l¨ = Kq u; oej mshiaila ;sî

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79. fmdl=K fmdl=Kg wdikakfha we`ÿï weoSu ioyd

bir q euqKs leghï' l%s j 4-5 ihs jig wh;ah'

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wkqrdOmqr wjêfha noqaO ls% j 5 ih

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fmdf<dkakre nqoaO fuys oelf

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we;' ìhlre fmkqula ksrEmKh .;s fmkajhs' olIa K

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Ysjg jvd md¾j;sh lv = d h' ,,; s dikfhka hqla;h' øjH iy

bosrhg mekSug iQodkï bßhõfjka hl q ;a

kgk jhk ldka;d rEm h' fnr yd

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bkaÿksïk YsIagdpdrfha m%N+ ksjdi Wiia ;;ajfha

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bkaÿksïk YsIagdpdrfha ms<siaiQ ueá fyj;a fgrdfldgd

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h:d iajrEmfhka we;s jDIN rEmhls' Y¾

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Wv,sm;a u; .,ska l< ùu$wNskI s l

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