03 nyq ixialD;sl iudch

ye¢kaùu
j¾;udk iudch w;sYh ixlS¾K jQjls' fuu ixlS¾K;ajhg wd¾Ól" iudÔh"
foaYmd,k iy ixialD;sl idOl n,md we;' Bg wu;r j N+f.da,Sh idOl
fuka u ixl%uK" wdl%uK jeks fya;+ka o n,md ;sfí' tu ksid j¾;udk
iudch úúO ck j¾." úúO NdId" úúO wd.ï" weoys,s" isß;aúß;a jeks
fjkialïj,ska hqla; fõ' fujeks úúO;d iys; iudc l%u iudc úoHd{hska
úiska nyqúO iudc f,i y÷kajd ;sfí' nyqúO iudchka ys Ôj;ajk úúO
ck fldgia ;u wkkH;dj wdrlaId lr .ekSu Wfoid Tjqkg u úfYaIs;
jQ isß;aúß;a" NdId" wd.ï" weoys,s" is;=ïme;=ï" iïm%Þhhka" mqreÿ mqyqKq
mj;ajdf.k h;s' fï ksid tl rgl jqj;a tys ixialD;sh nyqúO;djlska hqla;
úh yels h' tjeks ixialD;Skaf.ka hqla; iudch zznyq ixialD;sl iudchZZ
f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' fuu tAllfhka wfmalaId lrkafka nyq ixialD;sl
iudc ms<sn| ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla ,nd §u;a tjeks iudchl wfkHdkH
iyfhda.fhka iduldó j Ôj;aùu i|yd wjYH jd;djrKhla f.dvkeÕSug
bjy,a jkakd jQ ksmqK;dj,ska msßmqka mqrjeishka msßila ìys lsÍu;a h'

nyq ixialD;sl iudch y÷kd .ksuq

zixialD;shZ hkak meyeÈ,s lsÍug úúO iudc úoHd{hska" Þ¾Ykslhska

ks¾jpk bÈßm;a lr ;sfí' bka lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

²² ± kqu" weoys,s" l,d" kS;s" isß;aúß;a" we.hSï yd ñksid úiska iudcfha

Ôj;ajk mqoa.,hl= jYfhka ,nd .kakd jQ mqreÿ" weíneyslï yd
yelshdjkaf.a iuia;h" ixialD;shhs - à' î' ghs,¾

²² i
xfla;dkqidrfhka iudÔh f,i ysñfldg .kakd jQ o mdrïmßl jYfhka
w;am;a fldg .;a;d jQ o ish¨ u p¾hd rgdjkag Èh yels iduQysl kduh
ixialD;shhs' - pd¾,aia tA' t,ajqâ

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h' 57

 ²² w
eoys,s" Ñka;k l%u" jHjydßl l,d" Ôjk ms<sfj;a" isß;aúß;a" iïm%odhhka
yd iudÔh jYfhka zziïu; lr.;a l%shd lsÍfï úêZZ ixialD;shhs'
- B'à' yS,¾
wmf.a ish¨ l%shdldrlï yd is;=ïme;=ï ixialD;sh hkakg wh;a jk nj by;
m%ldYhkaf.ka meyeÈ,s fõ' wms ljqre;a iudch ;=< ms<s.;a Ôjk rgdjlg wkqj yev
.eiS isáuq' fï yev .eiau fyj;a yeÈhdj o ixialD;shhs' mqoa.,hl= jYfhka Wmf;a
isg urKh olajd wms yeisfrkafka" tlsfkldg Wreu jQ ixialD;shlg wkqjhs' ck
iudcfha olakg ,efnk ish¨ u n,fõ. fufyhjk ,laIK ixialD;shg wh;a
h' bka lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

²² wd.u ²² weoys,s ²² Ndú; lrk WmlrK

²² NdIdj ²² isß;aúß;a ²² weiqre lrk ñ;=rka
²² ±kqu ²² wdpdr O¾u ²² wOHdmkh
²² we÷ï-me<÷ï ²² we.hSï ²² foaYmd,kh
²² wdydrmdk ²² mjq,a miqìu ²² ;dlaIKh
²² l,dj ²² wd¾Ól miqìu ²² Ôj;a jk m%foaYh
²² kS;sÍ;s ²² úYajdi ²² há;, myiqlï

iEu iudchl u ixialD;sh uÕska tu iudcfha meje;au i|yd jeo.;a

ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrhs' ld,h;a iu. iudch ;=< ixialD;sh fjkia fjñka
j¾Okh fjñka mj;S'

mqoa.,hd Ôj;a jk iudch wkqj ixialD;sh o fjkia fõ' fï ksid úúO

iudchka ys Tjqkg wdfõ‚l ixialD;sl ,laIK olakg ,efí'

l%shdldrlu

²² Tn iyNd.s jk lsishï W;aij fyda fjk;a wjia:djl olakg ,efnk

l%shdj,sh uq, isg wjidkh olajd fyd¢ka ksßlaIKh lrkak' bka ms<sìUq
jk ixialD;sl ,laIK mshjßka mshjr igyka lrkak' WÞ(- ux., fyda
wjux., wjia:djla

58 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

 nyq ixialD;sl iudchl uQ,sl ,laIK
1' úúO ckj¾." úúO wd.ñl úYajdi ork" úúO NdId l;d lrk mqoa.,hska
tlg Ôj;a ùu'

2' by; úúO;ajh ksid we;s ù ;sfnk tA tA ixialD;Skag wdfõ‚l isß;aúß;a"

wdpdr O¾u yd we.hSï moaO;shla mej;Su'
3' tl ck fldgil jqj o m%dfoaYSh j úúO;ajhla ±lsh yels ùu'
4' j¾;udkh jk úg f,dalfha rgj,a cd;Ska jYfhka ;u foaY iSudj,ska Tíng
f.dia úúO cd;Ska iu. iïñY% ù nyq ixialD;sl iudc f.dvkeÕSu'

5' f.da,ShlrKh" ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj yd ixpdrl jHdmdrh ÈhqKqùu

fya;=fjka f,dalh u tl u úYaj .ïudkhla njg m;a ù ixialD;sl iïñY%Kh
ùu b;d fõ.fhka isÿ ùu'

l%sia;
lf;

ï
bk
shdk
ue
n¾

a,d
uqi

fn
da,sl

aÈh
fj
f,

!oaO
.¾

dk bi
a,sï

aÿ
k

qf
s$

ysk
a

ou
;a

Y%S ,x <
ld f
ou< wd.ï fjk;a
.
j¾
isxy, ck
Y%S ,xldj

fn!oaO
isxy,
NdId

a
ß;

fou< yskaÿ
;aú

m%dfoaYSh
isß

bx.%Sis bia,dï
uef,aWvrg rcrg
my;rg l%sia;shdks$lf;da,sl

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h' 59

 l%shdldrlu

1' úúO ckj¾." wd.ï yd ne÷Kq úúO isß;aúß;a yd iïm%Þhka i`oyd

WÞyrK ,shkak'
²² fn!oaO isß;aúß;a yd iïm%Þhhka
²² yskaÿ isß;aúß;a yd iïm%Þhhka
²² bia,dï isß;aúß;a yd iïm%Þhhka
²² l%sia;shdks isß;aúß;a yd iïm%Þhhka
^fï i|yd 6"7"8"9 fY%a‚j, § W.;a lreKq m%fhdackhg .kak&

úúO NdId l;d lrk" úúO wd.ï woyk" úúO isß;aúß;a wkq.ukh lrk
msßia nyq ixialD;sl iudchl tlg Ôj;a fj;s' j¾;udk f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,
nyq ixialD;sl iudc y÷kd.; yels h' wfma rg Y%S ,xldj t;rï ixlS¾K fkdjQ
nyq ixialD;sl iudchlg fyd| u ksoiqkls' tfy;a bkaÈhdj" wefußld tlai;a
ckmoh jeks rgj,a .;a úg tAjd b;d ixlS¾K nyq ixialD;shla mj;sk rgj,g
WÞyrK fõ'
²² ck j¾. wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ ck.ykh

ck j¾.h ck ixLHdj m%;sY;h

isxy, 15"173"820 74'9]

Y%S ,xld fou< 2"270"924 11'2]

bkaÈhdkq fou< 842"323 4'1]

Y%S ,xld fhdakl 1"869"820 9'2]

fjk;a 106"836 0'5]

j.= wxl - 3'1

uQ,dY%h - ck ix.Kkh - 2012
ck yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j

l%shdldrlu

²² bkaÈhdj fyda wefußld tlai;a ckmoh jeks rgl mj;sk nyq ixialD;sl
,laIK ms<sn| j wOHhkh lr ì;a;s mqj;am;l m< lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq
,smshla ilia lrkak'

60 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

 ²² wd.ï wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ ck.ykh

wd.u ck ixLHdj m%;sY;h

fn!oaO 14"222"844 70'2]

yskaÿ 2"554"606 12'6]

bia,dï 1"967"227 9'7]

l%sia;shdks 1"509"606 7'4]

fjk;a 9"440 0'1]

j.= wxl - 3'2
uQ,dY%h - ck ix.Kkh - 2012
ck yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j

²² ck j¾. yd wd.ï wkqj ixhq;sh fufia jqj o tl u ck j¾.h úúO wd.ï

weoySu o olakg ,efí'
WÞyrK (- isxy, ck;dj - fn!oaO" lf;da,sl$l%sia;shdks
fou< ck;dj - yskaÿ" fn!oaO" lf;da,sl$l%sia;shdks

3'1 rEmh - Y%S ,xldfõ wd.ñl ia:dk lsysmhla

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h' 61

 ck j¾. wkqj isxy," fou<" uqia,sï wd§ f,i j¾. l<;a Tjqka NdIdj l;d
lsÍfï § isxy, ck;dj fou< ni l;d lsÍu;a" uqia,sï yd fou< ck;dj isxy,
NdIdj l;d lsÍu;a olakg ,efnk w;r fï ieu iyÔjkfhka Ôj;a ùu b;d
jeo.;a fõ'

Y%S ,xldj nyq ixialD;sl iudchla ùu flfrys n,md we;s

idOl
msysàu
²² +f.da,Sh msysàu
N
²² bkaÈhka id.rfha uOH.; j msysàu
²² bkaÈhdjg wdikak j msysàu
²² fmr wmr foÈ. fjf<| uOHia:dkhla f,i msysàu

ixl%uK
²² ch we;=¿ msßi meñŒu
ú
²² úchf.a wNsfIalh i|yd f.kajQ l=ußh we;=¿ msßi meñŒu
²² m~qjiafoõ we;=¿ msßi meñŒu
²² NoaolÉpdkd we;=¿ msßi meñŒu
²² ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafia we;=¿ msßi meñŒu
²² ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚h we;=¿ msßi meñŒu
²² ixpdrl lghq;=" /lshd" wOHdmkh jeks úúO fya;= u; j¾;udkfha § rglska
rglg ixl%uKh ùï isÿ fõ'

wdl%uK
²² iak .=;a;sl wdl%uKh
f
²² mKavq mdßkao we;=¿ msßif.a wdl%uKh
²² ld,sx> ud> wdl%uKh
²² ngysr hqfrdamd cd;Skaf.a wdl%uK

úúO cd;Ska fjf<|du i|yd meñŒu

²² wrdì cd;slhska
²² bkaÈhdkqjka
²² Ök cd;slhska
²² hqfrdamd cd;Ska

62 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

Y%ñlhka f.kajd .ekSu
Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH md,k iufha wd¾Ól fNda. j.djka i`oyd Y%ñlhka
jYfhka ol=Kq bka§h øúv ckhd f.kajd .ekSu ksid tu ck;djf.a Wreu yd
wkkH;dj o Y%S ,xldfõ ixialD;sl úúO;ajh we;s ùug fya;= ù ;sfí'

hymd,kh ye¢kaùu
wd¾Ól iïm;a yd udkj iïm;aj,ska ysÕhla fkdue;s jqj o" iuyr rgj,
wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh ukao.dó ùu iy iudc idOdrK;ajh ì| jeàu jeks m%Yakj,g
n,md we;s fya;= idOl fudkjdo hkak ms<sn| j idlÉPd lsÍfï § mek kÕsk
ixl,amhla f,i hymd,kh y÷kajd Èh yels h'

rgj,a i;= wd¾Ól yd udkj iïm;a ksishdldr j l<uKdlrKh fkdlsÍu

fya;= fldgf.k wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh ukao.dó ù we;s nj;a tys m%;sM,hla f,i
iudc idOdrK;ajh f.dv keÕSu o ì| jeà we;s nj;a meyeÈ,s fõ' fuhg n,md
we;s fya;= lsysmhls'
²² wkjYH wdldrfhka n,h uOH.; ùu
²² rdcH md,kfha wld¾hlaIuNdjh
²² rdcH fiajh foaYmd,kSlrKh ùu
²² ks,Odßjdoh
²² r
dcH m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh lsÍu yd l%shdjg kexùu flfrys ck;d iyNd.s;ajh
fkdue;s ùu
²² w,a,ia yd ¥IKh yd by< hdu
²² rdcH md,lhska j.lSfuka f;drùu
²² fm!oa.,sl wxYh cd;sl wNs,dI fkd;ld yeÍu'

úfYaIfhka fndfyda rgj,a uqyqK § we;s fuu w¾nqofhka f.dv tAug kï by;
olajd we;s ÿ¾j,;dj,ska ñ§fï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh flfrk w;r hymd,kh
ms<sn`o ixl,amh tA iïnkaOfhka bÈßm;a jQ tla úi÷uls'

—hymd,kh rdcH m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh lsÍfï yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,shls'

tys § ck;d iqnisoaêh Wmßu jk whqßka mqrjeis whs;sjdislï yd iudc idOdrK;ajh
iq/flk mßÈ kS;s.rel j" úksúoNdjfhka" jxpd yd ¥IKfhka f;dr j j.ùfuka
hqla; j lghq;= lsÍu md,lhskaf.a j.lSuls'˜
fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h' 63
 hymd,khl uQ,sl .=Kdx.
1' ¥IKfhka" jxpdfjka f;dr rdcH md,kh yd mßmd,kh
2' ksoyi yd idOdrK;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu
3' kS;sfha wdêm;Hhg .re lsÍu yd wêlrKfha iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId lsÍu
4' rdcH md,k n,;, l%shdjg kxjk mqoa.,hska ck;djg j.lSug ne£
isàu
5' whs;sjdislï iq/lSu yd ;yjqre lsÍu
6' udOH ksoyi wdrlaId lsÍu
7' iïm;a ld¾hlaIu j yd m%;sM,ÞhS whqßka Ndú;hg .ekSu
8' úksúo Ndjhlska hq;= j lghq;= lsÍu
9' .=Kd;aul foaYmd,k iudcdkqfhdackhg wjYH miqìu ilia lsÍu
10' jHjia:dkql+,jdoh wdrlaId lsÍu yd /l .ekSu

hymd,khla i|yd tlsfkldf.a foaYmd,k" iudc" wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl

wkkH;djg .re lsÍfï jeo.;alu
hymd,khla i|yd tlsfkldf.a foaYmd,k" iudc" wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl
wkkH;djg .re lsÍu w;HjYH lreKls' tA i|yd by;ska ±lajQ hymd,k .=Kdx.
iudch ;=< ;yjqre ùu w;HjYH fõ' ;jÿrg;a my; i|yka lreKq flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu o jeo.;a nj fmkajd osh yelsh'

foaYmd,k
²² tlsfkldf.a foaYmd,k wkkH;djg .re lsÍu
²² ;uka leu;s foaYmd,k u;jdohla ±Íu
²² foaYmd,k kdhl;ajhg .re lsÍu
²² foaYmd,k ;Skaÿ" ;SrK .ekSfï § iajdëk j lghq;= lsÍu
²² tu ;SrK wkHhkag ndOdldÍ fkdùu
²² ksoyia yd idOdrK ue;sjrK meje;aùu

64 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

wd¾Ól
²² ;uka leu;s kS;Hdkql+, jD;a;shl fyda jHdmdrhl ksr; ùu
²² jD;a;sh iñ;s msysgqjd .ekSu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu
²² wdÞhï fn§ hdfï úIu;dj wju lsÍug mshjr .ekSu
²² há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍu

iudc yd ixialD;sl
²² leu;s wd.ula weoySu
²² isß;aúß;a wkq.ukh lsÍu
²² úúO W;aij meje;aùu
²² leu;s m%foaYhl mÈxÑ ùu
²² úúO NdIdjka bf.kSu yd Ndú;h
²² ksoyfia .ukd.ukh
²² wkH ixialD;Skag .re lsÍu

by;ska ±lajQ ish¨ ldrKdj, § foaYmd,k" iudc" wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl

wkkH;djg .re lrñka lghq;= lsÍu nyq ixialD;sl iudchl hymeje;au i|yd
w;HjYH fõ'

nyq ixialD;sl ck iudchl hymd,kh l%shd;aul ùfuka"

²² ckj¾. yd úúO ck lKavdhï w;r úYajdih ;yjqre fõ'
²² tlsfkld w;r wjfndaOh mq¿,a fõ'
²² md,k lghq;= i|yd ish¨ ckj¾. yd ck lKavdhïj, iyNd.s;j
a h j¾Okh fõ'
²² tlsfkldg .re lsÍug yqre fõ'
²² wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl úúO;d fkdi,ld iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lrhs'
²² kS;s.rel mqrjeishka f,i Ôj;aùug mqreÿ fjhs'
²² úksúo Ndjfhka lghq;= lrhs'

nyq ixialD;sl iudch yd kQ;k rdcH

kQ;k cd;sl rdcH ixl,amfha woyi tla cd;shlg tla rdcHhla hkakhs' ñka
woyia jkafka rdcHhla hkq tla cd;shla hkakhs' rgla ;=< úúO ixialD;Skag wh;a
msßia Ôj;a jqj;a Tjqka ish¨ fokd u tla cd;shla f,i ie,fla'

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h' 65

 Y%S ,xldfõ isxy," fou<" uqia,sï yd fjk;a ckj¾. iy úúO ixialD;Skag
wh;a msßia Ôj;a jqj;a Tjqka Y%S ,dxlslhka f,i ie,lSu WÞyrK f,i ±laúh
yels h'

m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,k l%uh l%shd;aul jk kQ;k rdcHhka W;aidy .kafka

úúO ixialD;sl wkkH;djkag .re lrñka" úúO;d ifudaOdkh lrñka tla
cd;shla jYfhka iajdëk j ixj¾Okh lrd .uka lsÍughs'

fndfyda ixj¾ê; rgj,a wd¾Ól" iudÔh yd foaYmd,k l%shdj,sfha § nyq

ixialD;slNdjh fyd¢ka m%fhdackhg f.k ;sfí' zzfjkialï ;=<ska tluq;= njZZ
hkak Tjqkf.a f;audjhs' ksoiqka f,i isx.mamQrej" iaúÜi¾,ka;h jeks rgj,a
±laúh yels h'

l%shdldrlu

²² zznyq ixialD;sl iudcNdjh rfÜ hym; fjkqfjka fhdÞ .ksuqZZ hk

ud;Dldj hgf;a jpk 250lg fkdwvq rpkhla ,shkak' fyd|u rpkd
mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug lghq;= lrkak'

nyq ixialD;sl iudchl hymeje;au i|yd mqrjeishl=

úiska m%.=K l< hq;= .=Kdx.
²² t
lsfkldf.a ixialD;Ska y÷kd .ekSu yd wjfndaOfhka hq;= j lghq;= lsÍu"
tlsfkldg .re lsÍu
²² wkH wd.ïj,g wjuka fkdlsÍu
²² wkH ixialD;Skag .re lsÍu
²² .egqï we;s fkdjk fia lghq;= lsÍu
²² iduQysl;ajh j¾Okh lsÍu
²² tlai;a j lghq;= lsÍfuka ch.%yK ,nd .ekSu myiq nj wjfndaO lr .ekSu
²² wfkl=;a ckj¾.j, NdIdjka bf.kSu yd Ndú;h
²² i¾j wd.ñl jev igyka l%shd;aul lsÍu
²² wkH u; bjiSu yd tAjdg .re lsÍu
²² iudkd;au;djh

66 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

 nyq ixialD;sl ck iudcfha idudðlhka f,i tlai;a j
Ôj;aùfï cd;sl jeo.;alu
nyq ixialD;sl iudchl ck;dj tlai;aj lghq;= lsÍfuka"
²² cd;sl iu.sh yd iyÔjkh j¾Okh fõ'
²² .egqï wju fõ'
²² wfkHdakH iqyo;ajh yd úYajdih j¾Okh fõ'
²² tla cd;shla" tla rgla hk yeÕSu j¾Okh fõ'
²² ñksia ksoyi yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;yjqre fõ'
²² rfÜ ixj¾Okh fjkqfjka iEu mqrjeishl= u fkdmsßfy,d lghq;= lsÍu yd
th cd;sl hq;=lula fia i,ld lghq;= lsÍug fm<fò'
²² wkH wd.ï fyda ixialD;Skag w.re fkdjk wdldrhg yeisÍug yqre fõ'

nyq ixialD;sl iudchl iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lsÍfuka ch.%yK ,nd .ekSu

myiq fõ' iduh" iqrlaIs;;dj" idOdrK nj" rgjeishka ish¨ fokdg u tlfia ysñ
úh hq;= h' ish¨ fokd tla j i;=áka Ôj;a ùug kï" tlai;a - Yla;su;a foaYhla
wm tlaj f.dvkeÕsh hq;= h' tA i|yd lemùu wfma j.lSuhs'

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