Mrs. M .

DE VI
Assistant P R O F E S S O R
Faculty of Pharmacy

S E DAT I V E , H Y P N OT I C ,
A N T I - A NX IE T Y D RU G S
 INTRODUCTION

Anxiety: Anxiety is an unpleasant state of tension,

apprehension or uneasiness that arises from either
known or unknown source.
Anxiolytics or Anti- anxiety drugs: Is an agent which
decreases worriness manifested in Anxiety.
 CLASSIFICATION
1. Benzodiazepines
 Short Acting: Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam

 Intermediate acting: Alprzolam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam

 Long acting: Diazepam, Flurazepam, Clonazepam

2.Non- Benzodiazepine hypnotics
Zolpidem, Zopiclone, Zaleplon
3.Atypical anxiolytics Buspirone,
Ispapirone, Gepirone
4. Beta adrenoceptor antagonists
Propranolol
5. Barbiturates
 Long acting: Phenobarbitol, Mephobarbitol

 Short acting: Pentobarbitol, Amobarbitol

 Ultra short acting: Thiopental, Metohexitol

 BARBITURATES- GABA MIMETIC EFFECT

Barbiturates- Condensation of malonic acid and

urea
These drugs produce dose dependent effect.
Anxiety-- Sedation Hypnosis Anaesthesia Coma
Death
Mechanism of Action:
Barbiturates acts on GABA –A receptor
At lower dose Barbiturates act as GABA facilitatory effect.
At therapeutic dose Barbiturates act as GABA Mimetic
effect.
It binds with GABA- A receptor which increases the
duration of Chloride channel opening.
Leads to Hyperpolarization.
 Therapeutic Uses
1. Sedative and Hypnotic
2. General anaesthetic
3. Anti- convulsant
4. Used to treat neonatal jaundice- decreases serum
bilirubin level
5. Diagnostic aid: IV Thiopentone in sub anaesthetic dose
produces a state of deep sedation. The patient become
more communicative, which helps in diagnostic aid.
ADR: Drowsiness, Confusion, Headache, Hypotension,
Respiratory depression, Allergic reaction
• Benzodiazepines (BZD), sometime called
“Benzos”, are a class of drugs having
chemical structure is the fusion of a
benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
Therapeutic Uses

1. Treat anxiety
2. To treat insomnia
3. Pre anaesthetic medication and induction of
anaesthesia
4. As skeletal muscle relaxants
5. As anti- convulsants
 B ETA ADRE N O CE PTO R ANTAGONISTS

 Propranolol
 Worrying situations and apprehensions
associated with examination, job interviews and
public address are conductive to palpitation,
tremors, GIT upset or hypertension due to
sympathetic over activity.
 These symptom, in turn reinforce anxiety if it
continues.
 Propranolol helps to suppress these kinds of
anxiety.
 Dose: 20mg TDS
THANK YOU