Unit 1: Home life

Spanish households are becoming smaller and the family structure is changing with modernity and
urbanization. However, family members generally seek to live in close (1) to each other where
possible. Today, the nuclear family structure is the common living arrangement in Spain - this being
a household comprising ( =include= combine) a couple and their unmarried children. Spanish
children may live with their parents longer than what is common in the English-speaking West,
sometimes into their 30s and 40s. This cultural (2) reflects the closeness of family relationships;
however, it is often necessitated now by the high cost of living and economic struggles faced by
younger generations in Spain over the past decade.
Generally, once a child has met a long-term partner, they will seek to move out of their parents'
home. There is a Spanish saying that "casado casa quiere" (a married person wants a house), (3)
refers to young couples wanting their own privacy and space once they are in a committed
relationship. This aspiration can literally include homeownership, but not necessarily.
Sometimes three generations may live together with grandparents moving in(tiếp tục) to help with
raising children. (4) many elderly people in Spain are quite independent. It is common for them
to live alone (or as a couple) and receive visits from children, other relatives, or friends often
throughout the week. Elderly Spaniards also know (5) locals throughout(thông qua) their town
or neighborhood that they may see at plazas or during their daily errands. It is very uncommon for
families to put elderly relatives in retirement villages or old-age care homes. If someone is in need of
daily care, they usually move in with other members of the family.
(Source: https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/spanish-culture/spanish-culture-family)

1. A. sufferance B. terms C. D. purpose C

2. A. pattern proximity : ở
B. motif D. herringbone
( mô hình, gần
kiểu mẫu) C. design

1
3. A whose B.who C. that D. which
4. A Hence Moreover C. Therefore D. However
5. A any little C. many D. much

Unit 2: Cultural Diversity

Cultural differences affect nearly every aspect(khía cạnh) of life, from marriage to food. As it turns out,
cultural differences can also influence(ảnh hưởng) the way families make decisions about health care. All
cultures have developed systems of beliefs to explain the cause of illness, how illness can be cured or
treated, and who
should be involved in the health care process. (1) _, every culture has beliefs about health, disease,
treatment, and health care providers.
Culture plays a huge role in( đóng vai trò như nào trong vđề j) medical interactions. It influences
how an individual might view an illness or treatment, for example, and affects how a physician should
address an older patient. Culture may also affect the decision-making (2) . Cultural beliefs can
affect how a patient will seek care and from whom, how he or she will manage self-care, how he will
make health choices, and how she might respond to a specific therapy. Cultural issues play a key role in
compliance, which is a person's willingness to
(3) to the doctor's recommendations.
Culture influences healthcare at all levels, including communications and interactions with doctors
and nurses, health disparities, health care outcomes, and even the illness experience itself. People
in
(4) cultures believe illness is the will of a higher power and maybe more reluctant to receive
health care.
While many people of a culture hold common beliefs, practices, and institutions, there can be many
variations between individuals. Hispanics from several nations share a strong heritage (5)
includes religion and family, but each subgroup of the Hispanic population may have its own
cultural customs and beliefs. Subgroups may have unique use of language, family roles, religion and
spirituality, definition of illness, and the use of healing and treatment practices.
(Source: https:j/www.lakeparkretirement.org/cu/tural-influence-care-decisions)
1. A In addition 8. In contrast C. In other words D. On the contrary
2. A enforcement 8. process C. procedure D. operation

2
3. A obey ( rule) 8. abide by\ C. comply with ( for D. adhere
suggestion
4. A some 8. plenty C. little D. much

3
5. A whom B. that C. who D. where

Unit 3: Ways of Socializing

Blending in (mixture of) is one of the best ways to get better at socializing and be less antisocial, (1)
there are hurdles that you need to overcome to do so. One thing that can prevent you from blending in
is thinking, "I value my individuality. I don't want to change who I am just to (2) in
somewhere."
In reality, just because you socialize with people at a party and take part in a group, doesn't mean you
have to let go of what's unique about yourself. You don't (3) to exist as an individual just because
you enter a room full of people, engage with them, and get to know them.
When you go there and see (4) folks, even if it seems that they all look alike, behave alike, or speak
in the same way, it doesn't mean they're completely alike. They're just engaging in what we can call
"group behavior." If you talk to any of them in a one-on-one setting later, you'll see that they have their
own individual qualities.
People start to behave more alike than different if they're within groups, (5) helps them get
along and build rapport and trust. We get to know each other and build relationships by
synchronizing with one another. We focus on similarities first, then tackle what makes each of us
unique later on.
(Source: https://getthefriendsyouwant.com/how-to-socialize-effectively/J
1. A despite 8. but C. because D. so
2. A suit 8. fit C. match3 D. go with
3. A attribute 8. object C. cease D. confess
4. A a fleet of 8. a swarm of C. sets of D. groups of
5. A who B. that C. which D. whose

Unit 4: School education system

Education in Japan is compulsory at the elementary and lower secondary levels. (1) students
attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper
secondary and university levels. Education prior to elementary school is provided
at kindergartens and day-care centers. The programs for those children aged 3-5 resemble those at
4
kindergartens. The educational approach at kindergartens varies greatly from unstructured
environments that emphasize play to highly structured environments (2) are focused on having

5
the child pass the entrance exam at a private elementary school. The academic year starts in April
and ends in March, having a summer vacation in August and a winter vacation from the end of
December to the beginning of January.
Japanese students consistently rank highly among OECD students in terms of quality and performance
in reading literacy, mathematics, and sciences. It is one of the top-performing OECD countries in reading
literacy, mathematics, and sciences on Program for International Student Assessment tests with the
average student scoring 528.7, (3) with the OECD average of 493, placing it third in the world in
the 2015 ranking. Japan's populace is well educated and its society highly values education as a platform
for socioeconomic mobility and for gaining employment in the country's high-tech economy. The
country's large (4) of highly educated and skilled individuals is largely responsible for ushering
Japan's post-war economic growth. Tertiary-educated adults in Japan particularly graduates in sciences
and engineering, benefit economically and socially from their education and skills in the country's high
tech economy.
(5) Japan ranks highly on the PISA tests, its educational system has been criticized in the US for
its focus on standardized testing and conformity; bullying problems; and its strong academic pressure
on students. According to data from PISA 2018 and TIMSS 2015, incidents of bullying in pre-tertiary
education were lower than in most OECD countries, and the total time spent studying inside and outside
school was below the OECD average.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Japan)
1. A. Almost of 8. Most C. Almost D. Most of
2. A where 8. that C. who D. whom
3. A substituted 8.charged C. compared D. separated
4. A. tarn B. puddle C. pool D.pond
5. A Due to 8. Since C. Although D. However

Unit 5: Higher education

The work of the Knowledge Center is based upon the premise that higher education institutions are
critical to sustainable human development, (1) is evidenced by numerous studies measuring
higher education's contribution to economic growth and long-term benefits to society.
Human capacity development is enhanced through education at (2) levels, including primary,
secondary, technical and vocational, and higher education. Because of the growing complexity of
6
contemporary contexts, higher education is an increasingly more critical piece of human capacity
development. Higher education enhances people's abilities to make informed (3) produce
technology, adopt and adapt technology, sustain livelihoods, cope with shocks, be healthier, be
responsible citizens, and be more effective stewards of natural resources.
(4) the importance of human capacity in development, economic growth, and social stability, it is no
surprise that higher education policy occupies an increasingly important place on national policy
agendas. The widespread (5) that higher education is a major driver of economic
competitiveness in an increasingly knowledge-driven global economy has made high-quality higher
education more important than ever before in both industrialized and developing countries.
(Source: https://www.aplu.org/projects-and-initiatives/international-programs/past-projects/J

1. A. who 8. which C. that D. whose

2. A. few 8. many C. much D. every
3. A. quarrels 8. decisions C. mistakes D. advantages
4. A. Given 8.Though C. Despite D. Because
5. A. acquiescence 8. legitimation C. validation D. recognition

Unit 6: Future jobs

There are many forces at (1) that continue to disrupt the world of work: advances in technology,
increasing globalization and international mobility, and constant changes in consumer behavior are just
(2) . All of these forces will affect the future jobs in demand and shape the skills required of
workforces in the future. However, I believe there are behaviors that you can adopt that can prepare you
for the future world of work and ensure your skills remain relevant and in-demand. These behaviors
will equip us for future jobs.
While sought-after technical expertise will continue to evolve, certain soft skills will remain a
constant prerequisite for most jobs in the future. Why? Because these are the human skills (3)
can't be imitated by technology, such as the ability to connect with people and form professional
relationships, a willingness to learn, and respect for the ideas of others. Being aware of the core soft
skills employers will require in the future, and developing these job-ready skills now, will help you
stand out in the job market. (4) these soft skills will help you keep your digital literacy and
relevant technical skills up to date - also essential in the future of work.
7
In addition, you have to stay inquisitive and willing to learn. To do this, you need to stay on top of current
trends and changes relevant to your profession. Technology is advancing at a faster rate than our
skills. The subsequent technical skills gaps have created a demand for highly skilled professionals
and this trend will (5) in the years ahead. Keep on top of current trends and changes relevant to
your profession by reading reports, journals, and news articles, watching videos, listening to
podcasts, attending networking functions and seminars, and participating in online discussions.
(Source: https://www.siliconrepublic.com/advice/future-jobs-work-how-to)
1. A. gunpoint 8. heart C. play D.par
2. A. a few 8. a little C. few D. little
3. A. that 8. who C. where D. whom
4. A. In conclusion 8. Instead C. In contrast D. In turn
5. A. magnify 8. aggravate C. intensify D.enhance

Unit 7: Life in the future

In the future, (1) is likely to become the focus as we gain greater control of our health information,
using self-monitoring biosensors and smart watches to continuously gather fitness data; web apps will
crunch the data, syncing to electronic health records. Using these numbers, companies will be able to
build a model of your overall health that can predict future problems. Being forewarned, patients will be
able to take action early, changing lifestyle habits or taking designer drugs (2) to their individual
DNA.
Technology will be key. 'Telehealth platforms will make in-home patient monitoring the norm for those
who need it,' Dr. Sarah Dods, health services research theme leader at CSIRO, wrote for the
CSIRO*****. Doctors will be able to consult over the internet - the perfect solution for people (3)
live in remote towns across Australia.
Genome mapping will lead to personalized medicines and 3D-printed replacement organs. (4)
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology will be used in driverless ambulance drones. The New
Zealand-based Martin Jetpack company has already developed such a concept.
Of course, greater awareness of what we need to do to stay healthy will be equally important, as avoiding
passing health fads such as juicing, weight loss supplements, and (5) weird detoxification rituals
like eating clay. And if we can stay away from futuristic cosmetic surgery procedures such as
JewelEye
8
(implanting platinum jewels into the whites of the eye to give that movie-style sparkle), so much the
better.
(Source: https:j/www.suncorp.eom.au/learn-about/health/what-will-life-be-like-in-2035.html)

1. A. impediment 8. hindrance C. prevention D. obstruction

2. A. provided 8. prepared C. tailored D. coincided
3. A. whose 8. whom C.who D. which
4. A. Thus 8. Meanwhile C. Nevertheless D. Yet
5. A. each 8. little C. much D. some

Unit 8: Endangered species

When it comes to birdwatching, Ecuador is a lucky country. (1) it occupies only 0.2% of the earth's
surface, it houses around 130 species of hummingbird - that is, more than 35% of all the world's
hummingbirds. Some are found nowhere else on the planet, including the Black-breasted Puffleg. Its
unique name comes from the white feathers that adorn its legs, similar to the rustic trousers worn by
local people. This glossy, iridescent bird is truly miniscule, measuring 9cm at most.
The species is so iconic that in June 2005, it was declared the Emblematic Bird of the Metropolitan
District of Quito. The founding member of BirdLife in Ecuador, Juan Manuel Carrion, strongly (2)
for this recognition during his time as City Councillor. His intention was: "To make the species visible, to
attract attention in a symbolic way and for the city to have a natural emblem embodied in a bird; as well
as encouraging municipal participation in efforts to preserve it".
This bird needs all the recognition it can get. Its population is estimated not to (3) 1000
individuals, spread across just two sites. One spans the northwestern slope of the Pichincha Volcano.
The other was rediscovered in 2006 by the ornithologist Olaf Jahn in the Toisan Range, Imbabura
province. These populations are encroached upon from (4) sides. 93% of the Black-breasted
Puffleg's habitat has been severely altered or degraded, through a combination of agricultural expansion,
livestock farming, logging, and coal mining. Another threat is climate change: rising temperatures
interfere with the flowers they feed on, and push habitat higher and higher up the mountainside - to
the extent that one day, it may have nowhere left to go.
The interaction between hummingbirds and flowers is very special. They can visit more than 2500
flowers in one day, and are essential pollinators for high-altitude habitats such as the Andean forests,
9
(5) are too cold for most insects and bats. BirdLife in Ecuador realized this relationship was the key
to conserving the species. In 2017, they obtained funding from the Swiss Federal Research Institute
(WSL) to study plant-hummingbird interactions at Pichincha.
{Source: https:j/www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/growing-jlowers-save-critica/ly-endangered-
hummingbird)
1. A. Although B. Despite C. Because D. However
2. A. blamed B. confided C. complied D. advocated
3. A. outbid B. transcend C. exceed D. surpass
4. A. much B. all C. every D. little
5. A.whom B. which C. that D.who

Unit 9: Books
Private or personal libraries made up of non-fiction and fiction books first appeared in classical
Greece. In the ancient world, the maintaining of a library was usually the (1) of a wealthy
individual. These libraries could have been either private or public, i.e. for people who were
interested in using them. The difference from a modern public library lies in the fact that they were
usually not funded from public sources. It is estimated that in the city of Rome at the end of the 3rd
century there were around 30 public libraries. Public libraries also existed in other cities of the
ancient Mediterranean region. (2) in the Middle Ages, monasteries and universities had also
libraries that could be accessible to the general public. Typically not the whole collection was
available to the public, the books could not be borrowed and often were chained to reading stands to
prevent theft.
The beginning of modern public library begins around the 15th century (3) individuals started to
donate books to towns. The growth of a public library system in the United States started in the late
19th century and was much helped by donations from Andrew Carnegie. This reflected classes in a
society: The poor or the middle class had to access (4) books through a public library or by other
means while the rich could afford to have a private library built in their homes. In the United States,
the Boston Public Library 1852 Report of the Trustees established the justification for the public
library as a tax supported institution (5) to extend educational opportunity and provide for
general culture.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wikijBook)
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1. A birthright 8. charter C. privilege D.lien
2. A Currently 8. Later C. Formerly D. Previously
3. A which 8. when C. whom D.who
4. A much 8. little C. almost D. most
5. A compared 8. counted C. intended D. imposed

Unit 11: Water sports

Snorkeling is an activity in its own right, as well as an (1) to other activities, such as breath-hold
diving, spearfishing, and scuba diving, and several competitive underwater sports, such as underwater
hockey and fin-swimming. In all cases, the use of a snorkel facilitates breathing while swimming at the
surface and (2) what is going on under the water.
Being non-competitive,snorkeling is considered more a leisure activity than a sport. Snorkeling requires
no special training, only the very basic swimming abilities and being able to breathe through the snorkel.
(3) organizations, such as the British Sub-Aqua Club, recommend that for snorkeling safety one
should not snorkel alone, but rather with a "buddy", a guide or a tour group. Snorkelers may progress
to free-diving, or recreational scuba diving, which should be preceded by at least some training from
a dive instructor or experienced free-diver.
(4) waterproof cameras became affordable to recreational users, underwater photography has
grown in popularity since the early 2000s. Many snorkelers now carry a waterproof camera with
them while they snorkel and may record photographs or video clips and later share them on social
media platforms or post them to other websites.
This mass of documentation has enormous scientific potential, as millions of tourists are able to
cover greater areas than professional scientists (5) field-study time is limited. Various
citizen science programs have emerged to realize this potential. Thus underwater photographs of
natural subjects become database records of geo-located and time-stamped species observations. The
observed species may be identified by the contributor or by other website users or team members,
depending on the platform.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wikijSnorkeling)

11
1. A addiction 8. allusion C. adjunct D. exhibition
2. A inspecting. 8. observing C. looking D. introspecting
3. A Some 8. Much C. Plenty D.Each
4. A As 8.Though C. Due to D. Thanks to
5. A which 8. that C. who D. whose

Unit 12: The 22nd Sea Games

The 2021 Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as the 31st SEA Games, is scheduled to take place
in Hanoi, Vietnam from 21 November to 2 December 2021 and will feature 40 sports, mainly those
(1) played at the Olympic Games. This is the second time Vietnam will hold the SEA Games
since 2003.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam's budget for the Games was cut. The total budget allocated by
the Vietnamese government for this edition of SEA Games was estimated to be 1.6 trillion VND (69.3
million USO). 980.3 billion VND (42.3 million USO) would be used for organizing costs while 602.3
billion VND (25.9 million USO) would be allocated for upgrades and repairs to facilities managed
by MCST. Provincial authorities are (2) for renovations to facilities under their management. Other
than a new cycling track in Hoa Binh Province and a small tennis complex on Hanoi Sports Training and
Competition Centre campus, no other sporting venue will be (3) for the edition. Organization
revenue is expected to be 226.6 billion VND (9.7 million USO), with 136.6 billion VND coming from the
delegates' accommodation fees and 65 billion VND from broadcast rights.
While Hanoi will be the main hub, (4) other surrounding provinces will also assist in hosting
portions of the games. An athletes' village will not be built, athletes and officials will be housed in hotels
near their competition venues. In the initial plan, a new tennis complex was planned to be built on Hanoi
Sports Training and Competition Centre campus and a newly rebuilt Hang Day Stadium will host a group
for men's football. Both of these projects faced development delays and difficulties and could no
longer be completed on time for the games. (5)_ , the venue of tennis has been proposed to be

12
relocated

13
to Bae Ninh Province, and Viet Tri Stadium is being considered to host a men's football group
alongside Thien Truong Stadium during the group stage.
{Source: https:j/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Southeast_Asian_Games)
1. A. who 8. which C. whom D. when
2. A. grateful 8. notorious C. responsible D. eligible
3. A. invented 8. contrived C. fabricated D. constructed
4. A. every 8. several C. much D. little
5. A. Consequently 8. Similarly C. Specifically D. Previously

Unit 13: International Organization

WHO's constitution was ratified on April 7, 1948, under the UN; April 7 has since been celebrated as
'World Health Day'. According to the organization, health is a (1) of complete physical, mental and
social wellbeing, and not just the absence of disease or infirmity, health equity and security are two of
its loftier goals. It also assists governments with their health services before and during a crisis, whether
as a result of disasters, conflicts, or pathogens.
The organization acquires operational responsibilities through 'health emergency program' during
emergencies. The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness framework is set up under this program. (2)
it coordinates many aspects of health data, research, access to vaccines, etc.
WHO continues to play an indispensable role during the current COVID-19 outbreak itself. In November
2018, the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop to
explore lessons from past influenza outbreaks and so develop recommendations for pandemic (3)
for 2030. The salient findings serve well to underscore the critical role of WHO for humankind.
The world's influenza burden has only increased in the last twodecades, a period in (4) there
have also been 30 new zoonotic diseases. A warming world with increasing humidity, lost habitats
and industrial livestock/poultry farming has (5) opportunities for pathogens to move from
animals and birds to humans. Increasing global connectivity simply catalyzes this process, as much as it
catalyzes economic growth.

14
 (Source: https://science.thewire.in/health)
1. A. position 8. plight C. state D. disposition
2. A. Instead 8. In short C. In contrast D. In addition
3. A. admiration 8. fondness C. preparedness D. approval
4. A. which 8. that C. whom D. where
5. A. each 8. many C. much D. any

Unit 14: Women in society

The woman performs the role of wife, partner, organizer, administrator, director, re-creator,
disburser, economist, mother, disciplinarian, teacher, health officer, artist, and queen in the family at the
same time.
(1) it, woman plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the society.
Modern education and modern economic life use to compel woman more and more to leave the
narrow sphere of the family circle and work side by side for the enrichment of society. She can be a
member of
(2) women's organization and can launch various programs like literacy program such as adult
education, education for disadvantaged girls, etc.
The purpose of introducing such a literacy program is to raise the society as education (3)
women to respond to opportunities, to challenge their traditional roles, and to change their life
circumstances. Education is the most important instrument for human resource development.
Women are the key to sustainable development and quality of life. So they should be members of
community center or club (4) disseminate knowledge about handicraft, cottage industries, food
preservation, and low-cost nutritious diet to people belonging to low socioeconomic status for their
economic upliftment. They should act as leaders of the society to raise voice against women violence,
(5) in household as well as in workplace, dowry prohibition superstition, and other social
atrocities.
(Source: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com)
1. A. On behalf of 8. Thanks to C. Apart from D. Regardless of
2. A. much 8. any C. some D. few
3. A. subscribes 8. prohibits C. enables D. contributes
4. A. whose 8. who C. whom D. where
15
5. A. suppression 8. exploitation C. enslavement D. dictatorship

16
13