FINAL EXAMINATION

ODD SEMESTER, ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

Name of Lecturer Dr. Muhamad Hidayat, M.I.Kom. Date

Subject Intercultural Communication-Term Day/Time
Class E-Learning Room

CLOSED BOOK EXAM. DEVICES NOT ALLOWED. STUDENTS MAY USE A DICTIONARY.
CHOOSE THE ANSWER THAT IS MOST CORRECT. 2 POINTS FOR EACH. TOTAL 100 POINTS.

MARK YOUR ANSWERS WITH AN X ON THE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED.

DO NOT MARK THIS QUESTION SHEET.

1. Metaphorically, a culture can be seen as an onion because it has several layers. What are those
layers?

a. Artefacts, deep assumptions, written laws

b. Artefacts, norms and values, basic assumptions
c. Artefacts, norms and values, religious beliefs
d. Artefacts, value orientations, deep assumptions

2. We can also consider that a culture is like an iceberg because ...

a. 10% of a culture is easily identifiable (customs, mores, courtesies) while it takes time and
patience to identify the remaining 90% (values, assumptions, priorities)
b. 10% of a new culture can be learned without learning the language, but to learn the
remaining 90% the language is necessary
c. 90% of a culture is unattainable for a foreigner because intercultural communication has
inevitable limitations (culture shock mainly)
d. Thanks to the visible 10%, we can avoid any communication problem despite the invisible
90%.

3. Which of these elements of a culture are artefacts?

a. Ways of eating, popular music, family structure

b. Language, fashion, sense of punctuality
c. Clothing, ways of eating, architecture
d. Clothing, personal space, popular music
4. Which of the following options is a correct definition of "Culture":

a. A group's set of written norms and values ​expressed in the behavior of the group's members
b. The collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one group or
category of people from another
c. The sum of the inherited traditions generation after generation
d. The way a person solves problems

5. What is Intercultural Communication all about?

a. Intercultural communication is about being aware of our own culture’s basic assumptions,
and being able to recognize the basic assumptions of other cultures
b. Intercultural communication is about bringing the basic assumptions of our own culture to
awareness
c. Intercultural communication is about recognizing the basic assumptions of other cultures
d. Intercultural communication is about how to adapt foreign people to our values

6. According to Kluckhohn, there are some values ​orientation categories that can help us understand
a foreign culture. What are those values ​orientations?

a. Relation to nature, time orientation, activity orientation, relationships among people

(individualism/collectivism), space orientation, basic human nature
b. Relation to nature, power distance, basic human nature, activity orientation, relationships
among people
c. Relation to nature, power distance, basic human nature, achieved or ascribed status,
relationships among people, space orientation
d. Relation to nature, time orientation, high context/low context, activity orientation,
relationships among people, personal space

7. According to Kluckhohn's theory, which of these techniques related to heart care is an example of
dominating relation to nature?

a. Heart transplant
b. Do daily exercise and eat healthy to prevent diseases
c. Pray for the sick person
d. Traditional medicine

8. According to Kluckhohn's theory, which of these policies would have priority in a society that
considers human nature evil?

a. Improve the educational system to get better citizens

b. Open borders to visitors of other cultures
c. Increase surveillance cameras in public spaces to guarantee safety for everybody
d. More public open spaces like parks
9. Which of these cultures has an activity orientation of "doing"?

a. Nothern European countries

b. Mediterranean area
c. Caribbean area
d. South East Asian area

10. According to Kluckhohn's theory, which of these attitudes belongs to a collective culture
considering relationships among people?

a. You are respected for your independence

b. People value inter-dependence, and a sense of belonging
c. Depending on others for help is a sign of immaturity
d. People are more doing than being

11. Which of these statements about language is incorrect:

a. It is an organized communication system, shared by a community

b. It is made of symbols (words) spoken and written, and the rules for using them
c. The connection between words and their meaning is natural
d. Can be written or spoken

12. What is the connection between language and culture?

a. Culture is transmitted through language

b. Language is fundamental to cultural identity
c. A and B are correct
d. A and B are not correct

13. How many languages are currently spoken in the world?

a. About 10.000
b. About 6.000
c. About 700
d. About 350

14. How many of the currently spoken languages in the world are unlikely to survive the next
century?

a. 20%
b. More than half
c. None, probably the number of languages in the world will increase in the next century
d. Just non business languages
15. Which of these characteristics belongs to a standard language?

a. Its form is consciously developed

b. The speakers’ unconscious choices of words and constructions decide about what is right and
what is wrong
c. It depends on intonation and pitch
d. A, B and C are correct

16. What are the main linguistic varieties?

a. Geographical, Social, Functional

b. Social, Functional, Cultural
c. Social, Geographical, Professional
d. Geographical, Social, Standard

17. When you speak Indonesian in a different way to a classmate and a teacher, what kind of
varieties of the language are you using?

a. Geographical varieties
b. Social varieties
c. Cultural varieties
d. Functional varieties

18. Jack Ma (the successful Chinese entrepreneur who founded Ali Baba) recently said that in order
to succeed in business, people should work “996”. That is, 9am to 9pm, six days a week. Many people
in China are willing to work like this. Hofstede’s dimensions of culture may help us understand this
phenomenon. (Next three questions).
The “996” system of work may be more acceptable in China, compared to other countries,
particularly “western” countries because:

a. China is a low-context country where people are willing to directly state their objections.
b. The Chinese government emphasises agricultural reforms and free expression.
c. China is a low power distance country where individuals feel that they are on the same level
as their bosses and leaders.
d. China is a highly collectivistic culture where individuals may be willing to sacrifice more for
the success of their group/company.

19. The “996” work system may may be more acceptable in China, compared to other countries,
particularly “western” countries because:
a. China has a high power distance which means that people are more willing to follow orders
from their superiors.
b. China has a low power distance which means that people are less willing to follow orders
from their superiors.
c. China has low masculinity which means that the gender roles are defined.
 d. China has a high score on indulgence which means that people value recreation and
relaxation.

20. The “996” work system may look unacceptable to others particularly “western” cultures,
because:

a. Other western cultures like US, UK and Australia are lazy.

b. Other western cultures like US, UK and Australia are highly individualistic and may not be
willing to make these sorts of sacrifices for their group/company.
c. Other western cultures like US, UK and Australia have highly collectivistic scores and
therefore put the interests of their group before their own personal interests.
d. Other western cultures like US, UK and Australia have high uncertainty avoidance and
therefore work less.

21. Diana is an Australian woman who comes to Indonesia for a holiday. During her stay she needs to
visit the Indonesian Immigration office to extend her visa. She arrives on time for her appointment
with Pak Irwan, the immigration official she is supposed to meet. However, Pak Irwan keeps her
waiting for 30 minutes before asking her to come in for the meeting. Diana, who is wearing a slightly
transparent top and cut-off denim shorts, is very angry because she had to wait. She makes some
fairly direct comments to Pak Irwan about “professionalism”. Pak Irwan is offended by Diana’s
behaviour and finds a problem with her documents and tells her to come back the following day –
which makes Diana even more angry. This interaction between two people from different cultures
ended in both people feeling angry, frustrated and offended.
Some key aspects of this cultural misunderstanding can be understood according to intercultural
communication theory as follows (next five questions):

a. Diana arrived on time because she is from a polychronic culture where time is a flexible
concept.
b. Diana arrived on time because she is from a polychronic culture where time is important and
should not be wasted – meetings should start on time.
c. Diana arrived on time because she is from a monochronic culture where time is important
and should not be wasted – meetings should start on time.
d. Diana arrived on time because she is from a monochronic culture where time is a flexible
concept.

22. Some key aspects of this cultural misunderstanding can be understood according to intercultural
communication theory as follows (choose the correct answer):

a. Pak Irwan did not start the meeting on time because he is from a polychronic culture where
time is a flexible concept.
b. Pak Irwan did not start the meeting on time because he is from a polychronic culture where
time is important and should not be wasted – meetings should start on time.
c. Pak Irwan did not start the meeting on time because he is from a monochronic culture where
time is important and should not be wasted – meetings should start on time.
 d. Pak Irwan did not start the meeting on time because he is from a monochronic culture where
time is a flexible concept.

23. Some key aspects of this cultural misunderstanding can be understood according to intercultural
communication theory as follows (choose the correct answer):

a. Diana felt that it was OK to wear casual clothing to the meeting because she is from a highly
collectivistic culture where it is a woman’s right to wear whatever she wants – besides she is
on holiday so doesn’t feel she needs to dress up.
b. Diana is from a country where religious norms are extremely important.
c. Diana felt that it was OK to wear casual clothing to the meeting because she is from a highly
individualistic culture where it is a woman’s right to wear whatever she wants – besides she
is on holiday so doesn’t feel she needs to dress up.
d. All of the above.

24. Some key aspects of this cultural misunderstanding can be understood according to intercultural
communication theory as follows (choose the correct answer):

a. Pak Irwan feels that women should express their individuality freely, including in the clothes
that they wear.
b. Pak Irwan is from a culture that values indulgence and having a good time.
c. Pak Irwan felt offended by Diana’s clothing because he comes from a culture where
deference to authority is important, and gender roles are defined.
d. All of the above.

25. Some key aspects of this cultural misunderstanding can be understood according to intercultural
communication theory as follows (choose the correct answer):

a. Diana did not feel that she could express her opinion about professionalism, because she is
from a high context culture where direct verbal communication can be uncomfortable.
b. Diana did not feel that she could express her opinion about professionalism, because she is
from a low context culture where direct verbal communication is desirable.
c. Diana felt that she could express her opinion about professionalism, because she is from a
high context culture where direct verbal communication can be uncomfortable.
d. Diana felt that she could express her opinion about professionalism, because she is from a
low context culture where direct verbal communication is desirable.

26. The ABS (“Asal Bapak Senang”) phenomenon in Indonesian business culture is a good example of:

a. Indulgence in Indonesian culture.

b. Individualism in Indonesian culture.
c. Uncertainty avoidance in Indonesian culture.
d. High power distance in Indonesian culture.
27. Studying intercultural communication is important because ...

a. In a globalizing world it is more likely that people from different cultures will work together
and they need to communicate harmoniously and effectively.
b. Intercultural communication is important to reducing human conflict and achieving the
ultimate ideal of world peace.
c. Through intercultural communication we can achieve synergy by taking the best elements of
each culture which creates greater efficiency in business.
d. All of the above.

28. Imagine you have a friend, Reza, who is doing a student exchange program at a university in
Moscow, Russia. Reza sends you an email saying “I’ve only been here for a month, but I don’t think I
can stay any longer. I want to come back to Indonesia. The food here is weird. There’s no nasi and no
sambal! I can’t go shopping because the staff in the shops don’t understand what I’m saying. I just
want to come home and see my family. ☹”
Choose the correct answer according to the intercultural communication theory that we studied in
this course (next three questions):

a. Reza is in the “honeymoon”stage of culture shock.

b. Reza is in the “adjustment” stage of culture shock.
c. Reza is in the “re-entry” stage of culture shock.
d. Reza is in the “angry/shock” stage of culture shock.

29. Choose the correct answer according to intercultural communication theory that we studied in
this course:

a. Reza should get on a plane and come home immediately.

b. Reza should stay in his room as much as he can and not interact with other people.
c. Reza should try to learn the language, make friends and try new experiences.
d. Reza should only talk to other Indonesians.

30. Choose the correct answer according to intercultural communication theory that we studied in
this course:

a. To try and alleviate the culture shock, Reza should keep in touch with his family and friends
back home – video chats are a good way to do this.
b. To try and alleviate the culture shock, Reza should meet new people and make friends, doing
some volunteer work is a great way to do this.
c. To try and alleviate the culture shock, Reza should try to adjust; try the Russian food, learn
the language, and experience the new culture – and always keep a good sense of humour.
d. All of the above.
31. Why is intercultural communication important:

a. to reduce conflict and misunderstanding between different cultural groups.

b. to improve our understanding of different cultures which can be good for business.
c. to develop ourselves as individuals, to become more open, tolerant, and broad-minded.
d. all of the above.

32. After living in Australia for three years, Dinda now feels comfortable in her new home. She knows
how to get around, she knows where to get the food she likes, and she has many good friends.

a. Dinda is in the “angry/shock” stage of culture shock

b. Dinda is in the “adjustment/acceptance” stage of culture shock
c. Dinda is in the “tourist/honeymoon” stage of culture shock
d. Dinda is in the “integration” stage of culture shock.

33. After living in Australia for three years, and becoming comfortable in her new home, Dinda now
moves back to Jakarta from Melbourne. She feels out of place, she finds the traffic and pollution
suddenly unbearable. She finds everything strange and cannot connect with her family and friends –
they just don’t understand the changes that she’s been through and they have the same attitudes as
before, but her attitudes have changed. She can’t explain it to them and feels alone.

a. Dinda is in the “angry/shock” stage of culture shock

b. Dinda is in the “adjustment/acceptance” stage of culture shock
c. Dinda is in the “tourist/honeymoon” stage of culture shock
d. Dinda is in the “re-entry” stage of culture shock.

34. People from “polychronic” cultures ...

a. Prefer to work on one task at a time and do not like interruptions – the most important thing
is getting the job done on time.
b. Can work on more than one task at a time and are OK with interruptions from colleagues –
the most important thing is maintaining relationships.
c. Prefer to work on one task at a time and do not like interruptions – time is money and
deadlines must be kept to.
d. Are better at making oral presentations.

35. Tom, who is from England, has feelings of hostility toward the French. He tends to have negative
views of French people’s behaviours and characteristics, although he has never taken any harmful
action against them. He is ___________ toward the French but has not practiced __________ against
them.

a. racist; prejudice
b. prejudiced; discrimination
c. stereotyping; discrimination.
 d. Prejudiced; stereotyping

36. Kim Eun-Jung believes her native Korean customs, beliefs, and ways of doing things are superior
to other cultures. Kim Eun-Jung is engaging in ___________.

a. stereotyping
b. prejudice
c. ethnocentrism
d. discrimination

37. When Noomi, who is from Sweden, goes on Holiday to Thailand she has to pay a higher price for
food, goods, and transport than the locals do, because she is thought to be richer. The Thai people
are engaging in ____________.

a. stereotyping
b. prejudice
c. ethnocentrism
d. discrimination

38. If you think the following: all Japanese women are subservient and docile; that all Spanish men
love bullfighting; and the English always drink tea. You are engaging in ____________.

a. stereotyping
b. prejudice
c. ethnocentrism
d. discrimination

39. If you believe the following: women are best-suited to homelife as a housewife, but, if they must
work, they surely won’t be as business-oriented or competent as their male co-workers. Therefore,
women can only be receptionists or secretaries. You are engaging in ____________.

a. stereotyping
b. prejudice
c. ethnocentrism
d. discrimination

40. You are conducting a negotiation with people from a Universalist culture. Which of the following
would be a good tip:

a. You should be ready to make quick, spontaneous decisions.

b. You should be flexible with procedures.
c. You should take time to get to know people.
d. You should give clear instructions at the start of the negotiation.
41. A company decides to send a bright, successful, junior manager in her late twenties to negotiate
with a company in China? The Chinese company feel the negotiations are not being taken seriously
and decide to end them. What type of culture are you dealing with:

a. achieved status
b. ascribed status
c. specific
d. diffuse

42. You are working for a company in Argentina as an assistant to the Marketing Manager. While
attending a birthday party one Saturday you meet your Manager, Isabella, who asks you to get her a
drink, but you refuse. She gets angry at this and begins to scold you as if you were at work. Isabella
reacted this way because she is from what type of culture:

a. universalist
b. particularist
c. specific
d. diffuse

43. According to Trompenaar’s 7 cultural dimensions: ‘people who see the past, present, and future
as interwoven periods; often work on several projects at once; and view plans and commitments as
flexible’ do so because they see time as:

a. synchronic
b. sequential
c. polychronic
d. monochronic

44. How do you reconcile the following situation to create cultural synergy: Ronaldo de Souza, a
Brazilian Academic, has recently contacted you saying he loved your book on intercultural
Communication, so much that he has translated it into Portuguese to help his students.

a. Thank Ronaldo for his hard work in translating the book.

b. You sue Ronaldo for breach of copyright.
c. Thank him for translating your work and ask him to recommend a Brazilian publisher.
d. Be annoyed with Ronaldo, but take no action.

45. There are three universal basic facial expressions used by all cultures.

a. True
 b. False

46. Nonverbal communication is generally less emotionally powerful than verbal communications.

c. True
d. False

47. How something is said and not what is said describes Paralinguistics.

e. True
f. False

48. You may feel negative feelings if someone touches you when you don’t know them well, because
it violates the unspoken rules of haptics.

g. True
h. False

49. An extensive use of nonverbal communication strategies for conveying meanings and message
are required in low context cultures because communication is implicit.

i. True
j. False

50. Gestures are universal, logical and unrelated to culture.

k. True
l. False

Acuan pembuatan soal Pembuat soal Mengetahui

Materi perkuliahan & Dr. Muhamad Hidayat,

Scheme of work M.I.Kom. Program Director PJJ

Lecturer

________________________________End of Exam _______________________________________