BIOLOGICAL

MACROMOLECULES
Introduction
Make sure you are
reminded of the following
before we start:
Sit properly.
Use hand signals to excuse oneself
during class
Raise your hand and stand up
properly before reciting.
Prepare your materials before the
class begins.
Let's begin our session
with a prayer.
 BIOLOGICAL
MACROMOLECULES
Introduction
 01
Objectives: Categorize biological
macromolecules based on their
structure and function.

02
Describe the synthesis of
macromolecules.
 03
Objectives: Differentiate dehydration (or
condensation) from hydrolysis
reactions.
ACTIVITY: ISA KANG
PLASTIC!
Stage 1
Defining Concepts

Are you a plastic?

What is plastic?
How similar are
you to a plastic?

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Their plasticity makes it use polymers as a main
wide range of synthetic
possible for plastics to be ingredient
or semi-synthetic
molded, extruded, or pressed
materials
into solid objects of various
shapes
What is plastic?
How similar are
you to a plastic?

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Their plasticity makes it use polymers as a main
wide range of synthetic
possible for plastics to be ingredient
or semi-synthetic
molded, extruded, or pressed
materials
into solid objects of various
shapes
Elements
fundamental components...
02
01
Elements in various
combinations comprise all
matter, including living things
(idea that we are made from
non-living things=atoms)
Biological macromolecules
(polymers) are built from
different combinations of
smaller organic molecules
(monomers)
Stage 2
Questions:
What is your breakfast?
Identify the basic
biological
macromolecules found in
your breakfast.

Basic Biological
Macromolecules
01
Carbohydrates
-provides energy to the body,
particularly through glucose, a
simple sugar that is a component
of starch and an important
ingredient in many staple food
large molecules
necessary for life, that are
built from smaller organic
molecules
02
Proteins
-one of the most abundant
organic molecule in living
systems and have the most
diverse range of functions among
the macromolecules
 large molecules
Basic Biological necessary for life, that are
Macromolecules built from smaller organic
molecules

03
Lipids
-nonpolar in nature, performs
many different functions in a
cell, including the building blocks
of many hormones and cellular
membranes
04
Nucleic acids
-the most important
macromolecules for the
continuity/sustenance of life.
They carry the genetic blueprint
of a cell and its instructions for
cell function.
 Stage 3:
Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

I. Dehydration Synthesis
Monomers combine to form polymers
As a process, monomers release water
molecules as their by-product
Dehydration synthesis=putting together
while losing water in the process
I. Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrogen of one monomer combines
with the hydroxyl group of another
monomer, releasing a water molecule
Monomers share electrons and form
covalent bonds
I. Dehydration Synthesis
Every kind of monomer can combine in a
variety of ways to form several
polymers, giving rise to starch, glucose,
and cellulose- all coming from glucose
monomers.
 Stage 3:
Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

I. Hydrolysis
Polymers are broken down into
monomers
split water- use for breakdown
2 components- one part gains a hydrogen
atom (H+) and another gains a hydroxyl
molecule (0H-)
I. Hydrolysis
Polymers are broken down into
monomers
split water- use for breakdown
2 components- one part gains a hydrogen
atom (H+) and another gains a hydroxyl
molecule (0H-)
I. Hydrolysis
Polymers are broken down into
monomers
split water- use for breakdown
2 components- one part gains a hydrogen
atom (H+) and another gains a hydroxyl
molecule (0H-)
 Exit Ticket

What role do electrons play in

dehydration synthesis and
hydrolysis?
 Thank you!
Let's end our session
with a prayer.