Nucleic

Acid
Responsible for the Hereditary
Information in the Body
Make sure you are reminded
of the following before we
start:
Sit properly. Use hand signals to excuse
oneself during class.
Raise your hand and stand up properly
before reciting.

Prepare your materials before the class

begins.
Let us begin
our session
with a
prayer.
Nucleic
Acid
Responsible for the Hereditary
Information in the Body
 Learning Outcomes

Categorize biological macromolecules based on

their structure and function.
Identify and draw basic building blocks of the four
major classes of biological molecules.
List the functions of each type of the four major
biological macromolecules.

Explain the role of each biological molecule in

specific metabolic processes.
The Story of Epigenetics!
 THE IDEA!

With genetic
engineering,
we will be able to
increase the complexity
of our DNA and improve
the human race.
Stephen Hawking
 THE IDEA!

Nucleic acids store and

transmit hereditary
information
The amino acid sequence
of a polypeptide is
programmed by a unit of
inheritance called a gene
Genes are made of DNA, a
nucleic acid
 THE ROLE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

There are two types of nucleic acids:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

DNA provides directions for its own replication

DNA directs synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA)
and, through mRNA, controls protein synthesis
Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes
 FUNCTION OF DNA
It stores genetic information necessary for
organisms to develop, survive, and
reproduce.

Damage to DNA may cause cells to stop

dividing, cell death, or become malignant.
 FUNCTION OF RNA

cellular protein synthesis and

replaces DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) as a carrier of genetic codes
in some viruses
Did You Know?
Did You Know?
Did You Know?
MORE DETAILS

Nucleic acids are

polymers called
polynucleotides
Each polynucleotide is
made of monomers called
nucleotides
MORE DETAILS

Each nucleotide consists of

a nitrogenous base, a
pentose sugar, and a
phosphate group
The portion of a nucleotide
without the phosphate
group is called a nucleoside
Did You Know?
Did You Know?
5 prime end and 3 prime end
Did You Know?
Did You Know?
 THE IDEA!

Nucleotide Monomers
Nucleoside = nitrogenous
base + sugar
Pyrimidines (cytosine,
thymine, and uracil) have
a single six-membered
ring
Purines (adenine and
guanine) have a six-
membered ring fused to a
five-membered ring
Nucleotide Polymerization
Did You Know?
Did You Know?
MORE DETAILS

A DNA molecule has two

polynucleotides spiraling
around an imaginary
axis, forming a double
helix
 DOUBLE HELIX

In the DNA double

helix, the two
backbones run in
opposite 5 → 3
directions from each
other, an
arrangement
referred to as
antiparallel
MORE DETAILS

The nitrogenous bases in

DNA pair up and form
hydrogen bonds: adenine
(A) always with thymine
(T), and guanine (G)
always with cytosine (C)
Did You Know?
CRISPR: The Future of Genetic Engineering
 EXIT TICKET
What's your insight regarding the
advancement that we are doing right
now in terms of genetic engineering?
Explain your answer.
Let us end our
session with
a prayer.
Thank you very much!
 REFERENCE

CK-12. "DNA Structure and Replication."

Retrieved November 30, 2022 from
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-biology-
flexbook-2.0/section/4.3/primary/lesson/dna-
structure-and-replication-bio/#modality-title
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