MAMMOGRAPHY

Module #9 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma Materials:

Book, pen and notebook, index card/class
Learning Targets: list
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
References:
Hogg, Peter & et. Al., 2015., “ Digital
1. Student will be able to know how breast cancer diagnose. Mammography”., Springer
2. Students will be able to have awareness to the Breast International Publishing Switzerland
Cancer.

1. Bland, K.I & et. Al “ The Breast”.,5th

Edition retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9
780323359559/the-breast#book-info

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

Let’s review our previous lesson! You are going to describe how common is breast cancer?

1. _________________________
➢________________________________________________________________________________
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B.MAIN LESSON

This chapter aims to describe and have knowledge on how breast cancer diagnosed..

CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Discrete hard lump with fixation – there may be skin tethering, dimpling, altered colour or
contour of the breast.
• A lump that has enlarged.
• A new, discrete breast lump.
• A new lump in pre-existing nodularity.
• A persistent focal area of lumpiness or a focal change in breast texture.
• Progressive change in breast size with signs of oedema.
• Asymmetrical nodularity persisting after menstruation.
• Skin distortion.
• Previous history of breast cancer with a new lump or suspicious symptoms.
• Nipple discharge or inversion of the nipple.
• Nipple eczema or change that does not respond to topical treatments.

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 MAMMOGRAPHY
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

• Axillary lump or lymphadenopathy

• Ulceration of the breast skin may indicate locally advanced breast cancer

LOCATION OF CANCERS IN THE BREAST

Majority of cancers are found:

• upper outer quadrants (most glandular breast tissue).
• lower outer quadrant (glandular area)
• medial (inner) quadrants (less commonly location)

Causes

Doctors know that breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally. These
cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or mass.
Cells may spread (metastasize) through your breast to your lymph nodes or to other parts of your
body.

Breast cancer most often begins with cells in the milk-producing ducts (invasive ductal carcinoma).
Breast cancer may also begin in the glandular tissue called lobules (invasive lobular carcinoma) or in
other cells or tissue within the breast.

Researchers have identified hormonal, lifestyle and environmental factors that may increase your risk
of breast cancer. But it's not clear why some people who have no risk factors develop cancer, yet
other people with risk factors never do. It's likely that breast cancer is caused by a complex
interaction of your genetic makeup and your environment.

Breast cancers can start from different parts of the breast.

• Most breast cancers begin in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple (ductal cancers).
• Some start in the glands that make breast milk (lobular cancers)
• There are also other types of breast cancer that are less common like phyllodes tumor and
angiosarcoma
• A small number of cancers start in other tissues in the breast. These cancers are called
sarcomas and lymphomas and are not really thought of as breast cancers.

Although many types of breast cancer can cause a lump in the breast, not all do. See Breast Cancer
Signs and Symptoms to learn what you should watch for and report to a health care provider. Many
breast cancers are also found on screening mammograms, which can detect cancers at an earlier
stage, often before they can be felt, and before symptoms develop.

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 MAMMOGRAPHY
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Breast cancer can spread when the cancer cells get into the blood or lymph system and are carried to
other parts of the body.

The lymph system is a network of lymph (or lymphatic) vessels found throughout the body that connects
lymph nodes (small bean-shaped collections of immune system cells). The clear fluid inside the lymph
vessels, called lymph, contains tissue by-products and waste material, as well as immune system cells.
The lymph vessels carry lymph fluid away from the breast. In the case of breast cancer, cancer cells
can enter those lymph vessels and start to grow in lymph nodes. Most of the lymph vessels of the
breast drain into:

• Lymph nodes under the arm (axillary nodes)

• Lymph nodes around the collar bone (supraclavicular [above the collar bone] and
infraclavicular [below the collar bone] lymph nodes)
• Lymph nodes inside the chest near the breast bone (internal mammary lymph nodes)

Check for Understanding

You will identify the correct of the following question. This will be recorded as your quiz.
Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed. You are given 25 minutes for this
activity.

Multiple Choice:

(For 1-10 items, please refer to the questions in the Rationalization Activity)

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION WITH THE STUDENTS)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students and will encourage them to ask questions and to discuss
among their classmates for 20 minutes.

1. You can get breast cancer even if it doesn’t run in your family.
A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. If breast cancer runs in your family, you’re sure to get it.

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 MAMMOGRAPHY
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. You still need mammograms after menopause

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________

4. Men can get breast chance

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. Surgery and needle biopsies can cause breast cancer to spread.

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

6. There’s nothing you can do to lower your breast cancer risk.

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 MAMMOGRAPHY
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

7. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women ages 35 to 54.

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
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8. Most breast lump aren’t cancer.

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
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9. Age is the main risk factor for breast cancer.

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

10 Peach is the color of the first breast cancer awareness ribbon?

A. True B. False

ANSWER:
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

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 MAMMOGRAPHY
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

After the instructor give a brief overview on Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma, it`s time to assess the
student`s understanding through answering the following questions:

1. If cancer cells have spread to your lymph nodes, is there a higher chance that the cells could
metastasize other parts of the body?

2. What is the best way to treat breast cancer?

ADDITIONAL NOTES FOR TEACHERS

LESSON WRAP-UP (5 minutes)

Teacher directs the student to mark (encircle) their place in the work tracker which is simply a visual
to help students track how much work they have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.
This tracker will be part of the student activity sheet.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL Strategy: CAT 3-2-1

Three things you learned:

1) ____________________________________________________________________________

2) ____________________________________________________________________________

3) ____________________________________________________________________________

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 MAMMOGRAPHY
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Two things that you’d like to learn more about:

1) ____________________________________________________________________________

2) ____________________________________________________________________________

One question you still have:

1) ____________________________________________________________________________

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