Form and location tolerances according to ASME Y14.5 Additional drawing entries according to ASME Y14.

5
Form tolerances limit the deviations of an individual feature from its geometrically ideal form. Orientati- In many cases, circled characters can be entered in the feature control frame next to the tolerance (and/or someti-
on, location and runout tolerances limit the errors of the mutual location of two or more features. One mes also next to a datum).
or more features can be specified as datum features.

M
Leader line Tolerance symbol Tolerance value
Datum is the Toleranced fea-
Maximum material requirement: M permits the addition of unused di- Ø 0.5 M

Leader
arrow 0.1 A
axis or mid-
plane
ture is the axis
or mid-plane mension tolerance portions to the toleranced form or location error. Ø 6 - 1.0
0

Toleranced Feature Control Frame

feature
Datum Datum Example (simple case): cylinder diameter 6 mm and the axis straightness M
A
feature Datum feature
is the surface
Toleranced
feature is the tolerance t = 0.5 mm (see image to the right). If the actual diameter is Ø6.0 Ø6.5

line or surface surface line or

surface 5.0 mm, the straightness of the axis can deviate up to 1.5 mm. M

Ø5.0 Ø6.5

L
Circularity (form tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited in the t 0.02 Least material requirement: L enables the addition of unused dimension Ø 0.5 L

measuring plane perpendicular to the measuring axis by two con- tolerance portions (away from the material side) to the toleranced form 0
Ø 6 - 1.0
centric circles a distance t apart. or location error.
L
Ø5.0
Example (simple case): cylinder diameter 6 mm and axis straightness to- Ø4.5

Straightness (form tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited by lerance t = 0.5 mm (see image to the right). If the actual diameter is 6.0 Ø6.0 Ø4.5
L

t 0.03
- a cylinder of diameter t ( of a derived median line) mm, the straightness of the axis can deviate up to 1.5 mm.
- two parallel planes a distance t apart ( of an edge)

I
- two parallel lines a distance t apart ( of a surface line). Independency requirement: this symbol invokes the „Principle of Inde-

US_60_050_0026III Printed in Germany. CZ-VI/2022 © Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH. ZEISS endeavors to ensure that all information is correct. However, the accuracy of the information cannot be guaranteed and ZEISS assumes no liability regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information.
pendency“ instead of ASME Rule #1. This principle sets no limits to the 0
Ø 6 - 1.0 I

Cylindricity (form tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited by two t number of errors of form possessed by individual features of a
0.05
coaxial cylinders a distance t apart. workpiece. I

Ø 6.0 Ø 6.5

limits implicitly: and axis and surface and surface

International designer, except the USA, use this principle as default (ISO
GPS standardization).
Flatness (form tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited by two

T
0.05
parallel planes a distance t apart. t Tangent plane: the toleranced and measured feature must be evaluated
as an external tangential feature (as per the Chebyshev minimum method)
limits implicitly: surface or derived median line
(OTPL).

F
Free state: the inspection of the (elastic or plastic, non-rigid) workpiece
Unlike form tolerances, location tolerances almost always require one or multiple datums: must be performed in the unfixtured state (only formed by gravity).

Parallelism (orientation tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited by t

Unequally disposed profile tolerances: the tolerance zone of value t is A

U
0.08 A
two parallel lines or planes a distance t apart, which are parallel shifted to outside the material. The value after U defines the tolearance
to the datum. zone outside of material. In the example to the right, the zone is entirely
limits implicitly: surface or derived median line/ axis outside of the material).
A

P
6x
Perpendicularity (orientation tolerance): the tolerance zone is limi- t
Projected tolerance zone: this symbol tolerance zone has been moved by B
30
0.1 P A B

ted by two parallel planes a distance t apart (or a cylinder with Ø 0.05 A t entirely outside of the workpiece in order to inspect the locations rele-

20
vant for later assembly.
A
t) which are perpendicular to the datum.

P
A

limits implicitly: surface or derived median line/axis

CF
Continuous Feature: this symbol is used to identify a group of two or
Angularity (orientation tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited t more features where there is a requirement that they be treated geo- 0
Ø 6 - 1.0 CF
by two parallel planes a distance t apart (or a cylinder with Ø t) 60° 0.1 A B metrically as a single feature. Rule #1 applies here.
A
which are at the defined angle to the primary datum. B

limits implicitly: surface or derived median line/axis

60° Statistical Tolerance: Features identified as statistical toleranced shall

ST
be produced with statistical process controls (SPC).
Ø 0.2 A ST
Position (location tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited by a cy- Ø 0.2

linder of diameter t coaxial to the datum (position with Ø sign).

100

limits implicitly: , if applicable also and plane 50

Tolearance zones and datum features can also be limited in their configuration and direction of action:
Symmetry (location tolerance): the tolerance zone is limited by A
0.08 A

two planes symmetrical to the datum axis or datum plane at a

distance t apart. (Obsolete, not used any more.)
t
Ø Diameter: this symbol defines a circular tolerance zone of diameter t or
indicates a circular feature when used on the field of a drawing.
Ø 0.2 A B
limits implicitly: center plane center plane if applicable center plane
SØ Spherical Diameter: this symbol defines a spherical tolerance zone of
diameter t.
SØ 0.2 A B
Concentricity (location tolerances): the tolerance zone is limited by
øt

R
Ø 0.03 A
a cylinder or circle of diameter t which is coaxial or concentric to A
Radius: symbol R creates a tolerance zone defined by two arcs (minimum
the datum. (Obsolete, not used any more.) and maximum radii) that are tangent to the adjacent surfaces. R 6 - 0.5
+ 0.5

Coaxiality limits implicitly: axis axis concentricity CR 6 - 0.5

+ 0.5

SR Spherical Radius: SR creates a tolerance zone defined by two sphere seg- R

Line profile (profile tolerance with and without datum): the tole- 0.08 A
ments (minimum and maximum radii) tangent to adjacent surfaces.
CR
t

rance zone is limited by two curves which envelop circles of dia- Controlled Radius: symbol CR creates a tolerance zone defined by two
ø

meter t whose mid-points are on a curve of geometrically ideal

form. If applicable: a datum limits the position A
CR arcs (minimum and maximum radii) that are tangent to the adjacent sur-
faces and the part contour has to ba a fair curve without reversals.

Profile of a surface (profile tolerance with and without datum): the 0.03 A Datum Translation: datum feature only acts as an orientation feature. The
Ø 0.2 A
tolerance zone is limited by two surfaces which envelop spheres position coordinates are not considered.
of diameter t whose mid-points are on a curve of geometrically
ideal form. If applicable: a datum limits the location. A
A B Between (tolerance zone limitation): the tolerance must be inspected
only in the area between A and B.
0.5 A B
øt

Circular radial or axial run-out (run-out tolerances): the tolerance

zone is limited by two concentric circles or parallel planes a dis-
t 0.1 A-B
t/...
Tolerance zone limitation: the tolerance must contain the value 0.5 in
every section of the length 100 (in the example to the right).
0.5 / 100

tance t apart, which are located by datum A-B. All Around: the tolerance applies to all line and surface features surroun- 0.03
Circular radial run-out limits: ding the entire workpiece in the viewing plane.
A B
Circular axial run-out limits:
All Over: the tolerance applies to all surfaces surrounding the entire
Total radial or axial run-out (run-out tolerances): the tolerance 0.1 A-B 0.03
t workpiece.
zone is limited by two concentric cylinders or parallel planes a
distance t apart, which are located by datum A-B. Dimension origin: this symbolic is indicating that a toleranced dimension between two features
Total radial runout limits: . Total axial run-out limits: A B originates from the one marked with the dimension origin symbol and not the other.

GD&T – Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing

Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH There is additional information on geometric pro-
73446 Oberkochen/Germany duct specifications (and the differences to the ISO
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