Sed2601 Multiple Choice Exam-Pack

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SED2601 MULTIPLE
CHOICE EXAM-PACK
Sociology of Education
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Chapter 1: Theories in Sociology of Education
1. The discipline of Sociology of Education focuses on schools and ... .
1. society
2. nature
3. children
4. globalisation
2. At a macro level, Sociology of Education addresses ... .
1. interactions between teachers and learners

2. how schools impact on the achievement of individual learners
3. how various social forces, such as economics and culture impact on schools as
organisations
4. the way learners are treated by the school principal
3. The theory of functionalism argues that ... .
a) different parts of society (e.g. family, schools) should be viewed as separate and
independent entities from each other
b) different parts of society (e.g. schools, family) are interdependent on each other
c) society should punish ‘bad’ citizens
d) the different parts of society can be compared to a family structure
1. c) and d)
2. a) and c)
3. b)
4. d)
4. Two of the major functionalist theorists are the following:
1. Bowles and Gintis.

2. Marx and Lenin.
3. Durkheim and Parsons.
4. Blackledge and Hunt.
5. The functionalist theorist, Robert Merton proposed that latent human functions are
the following:
a) Unintentional and not obvious.

b) Part of the school curriculum.
c) Intentional and obvious.
d) Practices that can be conveyed to future generations.
1. a) and b)
2. a)
13
3. c)
4. b) and d)
14
6. Functionalists emphasise the following:
a) Social solidarity.
b) Shared public values.
c) Consensus (we agree upon values and work to achieve them).
d) A lack of social solidarity in society.
1. a) and b)
2. d)
3. a) and c)
4. a), b) and c)
7. A criticism of functionalism is the following:

a) It does not believe in social order.
b) It suggests that children should not be moulded into good citizens.
c) It is overly critical of modern capitalist society.
d) It does not question social inequalities and social class stratification.
1. a) and d)
2. d)
3. b) and c)
4. b)
8. Conflict theory maintains the following:
a) Inequality is inevitable in capitalist society.

b) Society is in a constant state of conflict and change.
c) There are no ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ in society: all are equal.
d) Some individuals and groups have more power than others in society.
1. a), c) and d)
2. c) and d)
3. a), b) and d)
4. a), b) and c)
9. Conflict Theory is associated with the following:
a) A microsociological perspective.
b) Conservatism.
c) A macrosociological perspective.
d) Both micro- and macro-sociological perspectives.
1. c)
2. d)
3. d) and b)
4. a)
15
10. Conflict theory argues that ... .
a) schools perpetuate inequalities in society

b) schools reproduce social class - working class learners end up in working class jobs
c) the individual is to blame for her/his failure at school
d) the family is to blame for a learner’s failure
1. a) and b)
2. a), b), c) and d)
3. c)
4. c) and d)
11. C. Wright Mills argues that there is conflict between the power elite and the non- elite
because ... .
a) of the unequal distribution of resources (money, property, schooling) in society

b) society is naturally unequal
c) men cling to power
d) not everyone has a Protestant work ethic
1. b)
2. b) and d)
3. a)
4. c) and d)
12. Conflict theory can be criticised because ... .
1. it is opposed to schooling
2. it is deterministic and does not acknowledge that people have agency
3. everything benefits the working class.
4. it is a macrosociological theory
13. Symbolic interactionism focuses on the following:
a) The bigger picture of society.

b) Pragmatism.
c) The self and society.
d) The smaller picture of society.
1. a) and d)
2. b)
3. c) and d)
4. a) and b)
14. Blumer (a symbolic interactionist) proclaimed the following:
a) Humans act on things because of the meanings that these things have for them.
b) Meanings develop out of social interaction.
c) Meanings are dependent on and change because of our interpretations of social
interactions.
d) Meanings are entirely based on our emotions.
1. d)
2. a), c), d)
3. b)
4. a), b) and c)
Chapter 2: Practices in Sociology of Education
15. What are the functions of schools in society?
a) Transmit culture.
b) Act as agents of socialisation.
c) Transmit norms and values (morals).
d) Teach learners to oppose their teachers.
1. a) and d)
2. a)
3. b)
4. a), b) and c)
16. The ecology of the school can be described as the following:
a) Geographical situation of the school.

b) Resources of the school.
c) School garden.
d) School ‘climate’ or environment.
1. c) and d)
2. a)
3. b)
4. d)
17. The settings of Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem include the following:
a) The macrosystem.
b) The family.
c) The school and peer group.
d) The passage of time.
1. a)
2. a) and d)
3. b) and c)
4. d)
Role of the school in society
18. According to the functionalist theory, schools have the following important social
functions:
a) That traditional school subjects are taught.

b) That schools play a vital role in the perpetuation and survival of society.
c) That schools teach social norms and values.
d) That schools encourage learners to do as they please.
1. b) and c)
2. a) and d)
3. d)
4. a), b) and c)
19. Functionalists see schools as socialising learners so that they can ... .
a) form strong peer relationships

b) fulfil their biological roles
c) adapt to the economic, political and social institutions of society
d) become emotionally intelligent
1. a)
2. b)
3. c)
4. d)
20. Functionalists argue that societies require all their members should learn to perform
different tasks, such as engineering, nursing, etc. This is known as ... .
a) cognitive orientation
b) role differentiation
c) cultural roles
d) individualism
1. b)
2. c)
3. d)
4. a)
21. Dreeben’s norm of independence is based on one of the following points:
a) Learners take responsibility for their own actions.

b) Learners learn to be competitive.
c) Not all learners have the same skills.
d) Learners are individuals.
1. b)
2. c)
3. d)
4. a)
22. Assimilation can be described as when a ... .
a) group develops the same technical skills

b) usually subordinate group takes on the attitudes, speech patterns and economic
status of the dominant group
c) group accepts the processes of a democratic government
d) group becomes part of a rural community
1. a) and d)
2. d)
3. a) and c)
4. b)
23. Conflict theorists argue that schools classify learners based on their ... .
a) merit
b) social class and ethnicity
c) understanding of politics
d) ability to adapt
1. b)
2. a)
3. c) and d)
4. a) and c)
24. Which one of the following points does not define hegemony?
a) Having authority over others.

b) When the dominant class succeeds in establishing its own mode of thinking among
members of the subordinate class.
c) False consciousness.
d) The expression of authority of the dominant class through institutions, such as
music, film and television.
1. a) and b)
2. c)
3. a), b) and d)
4. a), b) and c)
25. The hidden curriculum is the following:
a) A broad category that includes all unrecognised and sometimes unintended

knowledge.
b) A compulsory subject in the school curriculum.
c) A missing link.
d) When, for example, gender and ethnic differences are transmitted in a ‘hidden’,
informal way in the classroom.
1. a) and d)
2. b) and c)
3. b)
4. a) and b)
26. Symbolic interactionism emphasises the following:
a) That people have the ability to think.

b) That people learn the meaning of symbols without the help of others.
c) That people do not have the ability to interpret situations.
d) That thinking skills are shaped by social interactions.
1. a) and b)
2. d)
3. a) and d)
4. a)
27. Constructivist learning takes place in the classroom when learners ... .
a) construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences

b) are entirely dependent on the teacher for knowledge
c) knowledge is personally constructed, but socially mediated
d) are studying on their own
1. d)
2. b)
3. a) and c)
4. b) and d)
28. Symbolic interactionism focuses on interactions between the teacher and the
learner. What is the teacher expectancy effect?
a) When the teacher interprets symbols.

b) When the teacher’s expectation of a learner can lead to the learner’s positive or
negative performance.
c) When the teacher expects low grades.
d) When the teacher does not engage with the learner.
1. b)
2. c) and d)
3. a)
4. a) and d)
Chapter 3: Citizenship education
29. The idea of citizenship entails ... .
a) a legal status (to be a citizen)

b) an emphasis on cosmopolitan ideals
c) citizenship as a practice (to act as a citizen)
d) an emphasis on formal schooling
1. a) and d)
2. b) and d)
3. a), b) and c)
4. a), b) and d)
30. A cosmopolitan view of citizenship and citizenship education seeks to prepare

South African learners to ... .
a) act locally but think globally

b) become more like America
c) ignore global issues
d) focus on local problems
1. c)
2. a), c) and d)
3. b), c), and d)
4. a)
31. Which of the following were not components of Apartheid ‘citizenship’ in South
Africa:
a) The classification of South Africans into different race groups.

b) The denial of full civil, social or political rights for black people.
c) Equality for all citizens.
d) The establishment of the ‘homeland’ system.
1. a)
2. c)
3. d)
4. b)
32. The Restoration and Extension of South African Citizenship Act (1993) included
the following:
a) South African citizenship for all.

b) Segregation.
c) Every South African citizen is entitled to enjoy all rights, privileges and benefits of
South African citizenship.
d) Every South African should be subject to the duties, obligations and
responsibilities of being a citizen.
1. b)
2. a) and c)
3. a), c) and d)
4. b) and d)
33. Citizenship education in the United Kingdom is best described as the following:
a) Supporting ‘soft’ learning and being reliant on the formal school curriculum.
b) A compulsory subject in the English National curriculum from 1999.
c) Including community involvement.
d) Including political literacy.
1. a) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a), c) and d)
34. Citizenship education in post - apartheid South Africa is best described as the
following:
a) Promoting participatory democracy.

b) Confined to matric students.
c) Promoting the necessary skills for active citizenship.
d) A waste of time.
1. b) and d)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a) and c)
4. a), b) and d)
Chapter 4: Diversity and culture in education

35. The study of ‘diversity’ includes the following:
a) Learning about group differences in society.

b) The development of group and individual identity.
c) The static character of society.
d) Addressing how different social factors influence social institutions.
1. a) and b)
2. a), b) and d)
3. c)
4. c) and d)
36. The term ‘identity’ within a sociology of education context means our social
identities are ... .
a) entirely reliant upon our genes

b) guided by factors such as gender, race, class, religion and disability
c) shaped by input from our families, the media, peers and schools
d) given to us by midwives
1. a), b) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. a) and b)
4. b) and c)
37. According to conflict theorists a person’s (or a group’s identity) is always formed
within the context of the following:
a) Inequalities in society.
b) Different opportunities for different individuals and groups in society.
c) How well a person/group is integrated into society.
d) How individuals act and exercise free will within their immediate social
environments.
1. c) and d)
2. a), c) and d)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a) and b)
38. What is social stratification?
a) The way of life of a people.

b) A tradition.
c) When an individual in society only acquires a certain part of culture.
d) A process of categorising people according to their ranks within the family and
society.
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. d)
4. b)
39. Gender is best described as the following:
1. The social process of developing masculine and feminine traits.

2. Being male.
3. Being female.
4. The innate characteristics we have as men and women.
40. The social construction of race consists of the following:
a) Encourages an understanding of race as biological.

b) Entails an understanding of race as being socially constructed.
c) Emphasises historical, cultural and economic factors as well as the physical
characteristics of people.
d) Encompasses the idea that people are assigned to different racial categories
because of opinion and social experience.
1. b), c) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. a) and b)
4. a) and d)
1. Sociology is a study of ... .
1. social systems that should be investigated as an interrelated whole

2. isolated, individual parts of society
3. multiculturalism
4. the hidden curriculum
2. Theorists argue that education is ... .
a) the act of imparting or acquiring knowledge and skills

b) a form of socialisation
c) a means of shaping learners’ characters
d) not static but dynamic
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a), b), c) and d)
4. b) and c)
3. The sociology of education ... .
1. examines the relationship between the school, politics, economics and culture
2. is not really sociology
3. is critical of discipline in schools
4. ignores the role of teachers in schools
4. Which of the following are aspects that Ballantine and Hammock (2012) consider
should be part of education?
a) The ability to think creatively.

b) The cultivation of a global mind-set.
c) The provision of training in problem solving.
d) Respect for others.
1. a), b), c) and d)

2. a) and c)
3. a) and d)
4. b), c) and d)
5. Which of the following have contributed towards the development of new social
patterns in society?
a) The development of technology.

b) Traditional values.
c) The growth of mass media.
d) Making predictions.
1. a) and b)
2. c) and d)
3. a), b) and c)
4. a) and c)
6. Functionalists suggest that schools have a latent function which is to ... .
a) produce people who share the same economic and political practices
b) produce institutions
c) teach traditional school subjects
d) produce people who share the cultural practices and norms of society
1. a) and d)
2. b) and c)
3. a), b) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
7. Highly complex, industrialised societies tend to ... .
a) establish a system of universal, compulsory public education

b) abolish the family
c) ensure that role differentiation is achieved
d) make education non- compulsory
27
2. b) and d)
3. a) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
8. The term ‘political socialisation’ refers to when a ... .
a) person’s political loyalty is widened beyond the local group

b) person is taught about politics by the family
c) person’s political loyalty to widened to include the state
d) person is taught about politics at school
1. a) and c)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b) and d)
4. c) and d)
9. Some functionalists argue that racial minorities in society must ... .
a) reject dominant society

b) assimilate into the dominant culture of society
c) be equal
d) adjust to the dominant culture of the school
1. a) and b)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b), c) and d)
4. b) and d)
10. Functionalists believe that social class inequalities are ... .
a) the result of fluid class boundaries

b) unfair
c) necessary as they motivate people to take on important positions
d) disrupt the smooth running of society
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. b)
11. Conflict theorists argue that schools ... .
a) are not a social benefit

b) provide opportunities to those who work hard
c) reward students
d) prepare people to become compliant workers in a capitalist economy
28
1. a), b) and c)
2. b) and c)
3. a) and d)
4. b), c) and d)
12. Conflict theory suggests that IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tests ... .
a) favour the working class

b) favour the affluent classes
c) favour the intelligent
d) are culturally biased
1. b) and d)
2. c)
3. a) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
13. The term ‘gender differences’ in the context of conflict theory means that men ... .
a) and women are different

b) gain power over property and gain power over women
c) suppress women
d) often earn less than women in the workplace
1. a) and d)
2. a), b) and d)
3. b) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
14. According to conflict theorists, the racial order in society ... .
a) is ‘natural’
b) has nothing to do with social class
c) will always remain the same
d) is inextricably tied to class stratification
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)
15. Which of the following are components of the hidden curriculum according to
Bowles and Gintis?
a) A passive acceptance of hierarchy.

b) An opposition to the reward system in schools.
c) The fragmentation of school subjects.
d) A critical stance.
29
2.1. c)
a),and d) c)
b) and
3. b), c) and d)
4. a) and c)
16. Explicit components of symbolic interactionism are ... .
a) conflict
b) interpretation
c) action
d) constructivism
1. a), c) and d)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a) and d)
4. a) and b)
17. Constructivists contend that knowledge can be labelled as the following:
a) Is personally constructed.
b) Taught in an authoritarian way.
c) Socially mediated.
d) Conveyed only by teachers.
1. a) and c)
2. b) and c)
3. b) and d)
4. a) and d)
18. For a symbolic interactionist, gender is something which is ... .
a) an attribute of different people

b) innate
c) up to the individual
d) constantly made up and reproduced through social interaction
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)
19. The following are conditions that need to be met if racial prejudice is to be
reduced:
a) Social norms favouring equality must be agreed upon.

b) Contact must be between individuals of equal status.
c) Contact must be sustained.
d) Schools need to change their enrolment policies.
30
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a), b) and d)
4. a) and d)
20. The symbolic interactionist approach to minority groups is that they ... .
a) are assimilated into dominant society

b) have no historical background
c) form their identity because of socio-historical change
d) have no real identity
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)
21. Which of these is not an aspect of symbolic interactionist theory?
a) Everyday contact.
b) Social interaction.
c) Class struggle.
d) Constructed identity.
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)

22. Social institutions include the following:
a) the family
b) the economy
c) schools
d) differential role players
1. a), b), c) and d)

2. c) and d)
3. a), b) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
23. It can be argued that the school ... .
a) is a micro unit
b) is where secondary socialization takes place
c) has a formal curriculum
d) plays the same role as the family
31
1. a)
2. d)
3. a) and d)
4. b) and c) correct
24. Social integration is best described as a process ... .
a) which discourages diversity

b) where open-minded citizens are not respected
c) where there is inclusion, participation and social justice
d) which encourages inequality
1. a), b) and c)
2. a), b) and d)
3. c) and d)
4. c)
25. The economic system is ... .
a) a set of arrangements by which a society produces, distributes and consumes

goods
b) interlinked with society
c) owned and controlled by the workers in South Africa
d) crucial to the survival of modern society
1. c) and d)
2. a), b) and d)
3. b), c) and d)
4. b) and d)
26. The ecology of a ‘healthy’ school should include ... .
a) good leadership
b) iIntense community pressure
c) a good microclimate
d) resources and well-maintained physical facilities
1. b) and c)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a) and d)
27. The term macrosystem within the context of the Bronfenbrenner’s theory of
ecological systems means ... .
a) the overarching pattern of micro-, meso- and exosystems characteristics of a

given culture or subculture
b) the immediate environment
32
c) face -to -face settings
d) the relationship between the home and the school
1. a)
2. d)
3. a) and d)
4. b) and c)
28. Symbolic interactionism focuses on interactions between the teacher and the
learner. What is the teacher expectancy effect?
b) When the teacher’s expectation of a learner can lead to the learner’s positive or
negative performance.
1. b)
2. c) and d)
3. a)
4. a) and d)


1. a) and d)
2. b) and d)
3. a), b) and c)
4. a), b) and d)
30. A cosmopolitan view of citizenship and citizenship education seeks to prepare

South African learners to ... .

1. c)
2. a), c) and d)
3. b), c), and d)
4. a)
33
31. Which of the following were not components of Apartheid ‘citizenship’ in South
Africa:

1. a)
2. c)
3. d)
4. b)
32. The Restoration and Extension of South African Citizenship Act (1993) included
the following:

b) Segregation.
c) Every South African citizen is entitled to enjoy all rights, privileges and benefits of
South African citizenship.
1. b)
2. a) and c)
3. a), c) and d)
4, b) and d)
33. Citizenship education in the United Kingdom is best described as the following:
a) Supporting ‘soft’ learning and being reliant on the formal school curriculum.
1. a) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a), c) and d)
following:

d) A waste of time.
34
1. b) and d)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a) and c)
4. a), b) and d)


1. a) and b)
2. a), b) and d)
3. c)
4. c) and d)
36. The term ‘identity’ within a sociology of education context means our social
identities are ... .

1. a), b) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. a) and b)
4. b) and c)
37. According to conflict theorists a person’s (or a group’s) identity is always formed
within the context of ... .
a) inequalities in society
b) different opportunities for different individuals and groups in society
c) how well a person/group is integrated into society
d) how individuals act and exercise free will within their immediate social
environments
1. c) and d)
2. a), c) and d)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a) and b)
35
38. Social stratification is ... .
a) the way of life of a people

b) a tradition
c) when an individual in society only acquires a certain part of culture
d) a process of categorising people according to their ranks within the family and
society
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. d)
4. b)
a) The social process of developing masculine and feminine traits

b) Being male
c) Being female
d) The innate characteristics we have as men and women
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a)
4. b)
40. The social construction of race ... .
a) encourages an understanding of race as biological

b) entails an understanding of race as being socially constructed
c) emphasises historical, cultural and economic factors, as well as the physical
characteristics of people
d) encompasses the idea that people are assigned to different racial categories
because of opinion and social experience
1. b), c) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. a) and b)
4. a) and d)
36
1. Sociology is a study of ... .
1. social systems that should be investigated as an interrelated whole

2. isolated, individual parts of society
3. multiculturalism
4. the hidden curriculum
2. Theorists argue that education is ... .
a) the act of imparting or acquiring knowledge and skills

b) a form of socialisation
c) a means of shaping learners’ characters
d) not static but dynamic
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a), b), c) and d)
4. b) and c)
3. The sociology of education ... .
1. examines the relationship between the school, politics, economics and

culture
2. is not really sociology
3. is critical of discipline in schools
4. ignores the role of teachers in schools
4. Which of the following are aspects that Ballantine and Hammock (2012)
consider should be part of education?
a) The ability to think creatively.

b) The cultivation of a global mind-set.
c) The provision of training in problem solving.
d) Respect for others.
15
1. a), b), c) and d)
2. a) and c)
3. a) and d)
4. b), c) and d)
5. Which of the following have contributed towards the development of new

social patterns in society?
a) The development of technology.

b) Traditional values.
c) The growth of mass media.
d) Making predictions.
1. a) and b)
2. c) and d)
3. a), b) and c)
4. a) and c)
6. Functionalists suggest that schools have a latent function which is to ...
a) produce people who share the same economic and political practices.
b) produce institutions.
c) teach traditional school subjects.
d) produce people who share the cultural practices and norms of society.
1. a) and d)
2. b) and c)
3. a), b) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
7. Highly complex, industrialised societies tend to ... .
a) establish a system of universal, compulsory public education

d) make education non- compulsory
1. a), b) and d)
2. b) and d)
3. a) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
8. The term ‘political socialisation’ refers to when a ... .
a) person’s political loyalty is widened beyond the local group

b) person is taught about politics by the family
c) person’s political loyalty to widened to include the state
d) person is taught about politics at school
16
1. a) and c)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b) and d)
4. c) and d)
9. Some functionalists argue that racial minorities in society must ... .
a) reject dominant society

b) assimilate into the dominant culture of society
c) be equal
d) adjust to the dominant culture of the school
1. a) and b)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b), c) and d)
4. b) and d)
10. Functionalists believe that social class inequalities are ... .
a) the result of fluid class boundaries

b) unfair
c) necessary as they motivate people to take on important positions
d) disrupt the smooth running of society
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. b)
11. Conflict theorists argue that schools ... .
a) are not a social benefit

b) provide opportunities to those who work hard
c) reward students
d) prepare people to become compliant workers in a capitalist economy
1. a), b) and c)
2. b) and c)
3. a) and d)
4. b), c) and d)
12. Conflict theory suggests that IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tests ... .
a) favour the working class

b) favour the affluent classes
c) favour the intelligent
d) are culturally biased
17
1. b) and d)
2. c)
3. a) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
13. The term ‘gender differences’ in the context of conflict theory means that
men ... .
a) and women are different

b) gain power over property and gain power over women
c) suppress women
d) often earn less than women in the workplace
1. a) and d)
2. a), b) and d)
3. b) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
14. According to conflict theorists, the racial order in society ... .
a) is ‘natural’
b) has nothing to do with social class
c) will always remain the same
d) is inextricably tied to class stratification
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)
15. Which of the following are components of the hidden curriculum

according to Bowles and Gintis?
a) A passive acceptance of hierarchy.

b) An opposition to the reward system in schools.
c) The fragmentation of school subjects.
d) A critical stance.
1. a), b) and c)
2. c) and d)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a) and c)
16. Explicit components of symbolic interactionism are ... .
a) conflict
b) interpretation
c) action
d) constructivism
18
1. a), c) and d)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a) and d)
4. a) and b)
17. Constructivists contend that knowledge can be labelled as the

following:
a) Is personally constructed.
b) Taught in an authoritarian way.
c) Socially mediated.
d) Conveyed only by teachers.
1. a) and c)
2. b) and c)
3. b) and d)
4. a) and d)
18. For a symbolic interactionist, gender is something which is ... .
a) an attribute of different people

b) innate
c) up to the individual
d) constantly made up and reproduced through social interaction
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)
19. The following are conditions that need to be met if racial prejudice is to
be reduced:
a) Social norms favouring equality must be agreed upon.

b) Contact must be between individuals of equal status.
c) Contact must be sustained.
d) Schools need to change their enrolment policies.
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a), b) and d)
4. a) and d)
20. The symbolic interactionist approach to minority groups is that they ... .
a) are assimilated into dominant society

b) have no historical background
c) form their identity because of socio-historical change
d) have no real identity
19
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)
a) Everyday contact.
b) Social interaction.
c) Class struggle.
d) Constructed identity.
1. a) and d)
2. c)
3. b) and d)
4. d)
22. Social institutions include the following:
a) the family
b) the economy
c) schools
d) differential role players
1. a), b), c) and d)

2. c) and d)
3. a), b) and c)
4. b), c) and d)
23. It can be argued that the school ... .
a) is a micro unit
b) is where secondary socialization takes place
c) has a formal curriculum
d) plays the same role as the family
1. a)
2. d)
3. a) and d)
4. b) and c)
24. Social integration is best described as a process ... .
a) which discourages diversity

b) where open-minded citizens are not respected
c) where there is inclusion, participation and social justice
d) which encourages inequality
20
1. a), b) and c)
2. a), b) and d)
3. c) and d)
4. c)
25. The economic system is ... .
a) a set of arrangements by which a society produces, distributes and

consumes goods
b) interlinked with society
c) owned and controlled by the workers in South Africa
d) crucial to the survival of modern society
1. c) and d)
2. a), b) and d)
3. b), c) and d)
4. b) and d)
26. The ecology of a ‘healthy’ school should include ... .
a) good leadership
b) intense community pressure
c) a good microclimate
d) resources and well-maintained physical facilities
1. b) and c)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a) and d)
27. The term macrosystem within the context of the Bronfenbrenner’s theory
of ecological systems means ... .
a) the overarching pattern of micro-, meso- and exosystems

characteristics of a given culture or subculture
b) the immediate environment
c) face -to -face settings
d) the relationship between the home and the school
1. a)
2. d)
3. a) and d)
4. b) and c)
21
28. Symbolic interactionism focuses on interactions between the teacher and
the learner. What is the teacher expectancy effect?
b) When the teacher’s expectation of a learner can lead to the learner’s
positive or negative performance.
1. b)
2. c) and d)
3. a)
4. a) and d)

1. a) and d)
2. b) and d)
3. a), b) and c)
4. a), b) and d)
30. A cosmopolitan view of citizenship and citizenship education seeks to

prepare South African learners to ... .

1. c)
2. a), c) and d)
3. b), c), and d)
4. a)
31. Which of the following were not components of Apartheid ‘citizenship’ in

South Africa:

22
1. a)
2. c)
3. d)
4. b)
32. The Restoration and Extension of South African Citizenship Act (1993)
included the following:

b) Segregation.
c) Every South African citizen is entitled to enjoy all rights, privileges and
benefits of South African citizenship.
1. b)
2. a) and c)
3. a), c) and d)
4, b) and d)
33. Citizenship education in the United Kingdom is best described as the

following:
a) Supporting ‘soft’ learning and being reliant on the formal school

curriculum.
1. a) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a), c) and d)
34. Citizenship education in post - apartheid South Africa is best described

as the following:

d) A waste of time.
1. b) and d)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a) and c)
4. a), b) and d)
23

1. a) and b)
2. a), b) and d)
3. c)
4. c) and d)
36. The term ‘identity’ within a sociology of education context means our
social identities are ... .

1. a), b) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. a) and b)
4. b) and c)
37. According to conflict theorists a person’s (or a group’s) identity is always

formed within the context of… .
a) inequalities in society
b) different opportunities for different individuals and groups in society
c) how well a person/group is integrated into society
d) how individuals act and exercise free will within their immediate social
environments
1. c) and d)
2. a), c) and d)
3. b), c) and d)
4. a) and b)
24
38. Social stratification is ... .
a) the way of life of a people

b) a tradition
c) when an individual in society only acquires a certain part of culture
d) a process of categorising people according to their ranks within the
family and society
1. a), b) and c)
1. b), c) and d)
2. d)
3. b)
a) The social process of developing masculine and feminine traits

b) Being male
c) Being female
d) The innate characteristics we have as men and women
1. a), b) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a)
4. b)
40. The social construction of race ... .
a) encourages an understanding of race as biological

b) entails an understanding of race as being socially constructed
c) emphasises historical, cultural and economic factors, as well as the
physical characteristics of people
d) encompasses the idea that people are assigned to different racial
categories because of opinion and social experience
1. b), c) and d)
2. a), b) and c)
3. a) and b)
4. a) and d
25
MAY-JUNE 2019
1. The sociology of education:
a) Examines the relationship between the school, politics, economics and culture
b) Is not really sociology
c) Is critical of discipline in schools
d) Ignores the role of teachers in schools
1. (b)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (c)
2. Which of the following are aspects that Ballantine and Hammock (2012) consider
should be part of education?
a) The ability to think creatively

b) The cultivation of a global mind-set
c) The provision of training in problem solving
d) Respect for others
1. (a), (b), (c) and (d)

2. (a) and (c)
3. (a) and (d)
4. (b), (c) and (d)
3. At a macro level sociologists see schooling through the following lens:
a) Small-scale, classroom practices

b) Teacher/learner interactions
c) Large scale social forces such as politics and the economy
d) Scientific study.
1. (a) and (b)

2. (c) and (d)
3. (a)
4. (c)
4. Functionalists suggest that schools have a latent function which is to …
a) produce people who share the same economic and political practices.
b) produce institutions.
26
c) teach traditional school subjects.

d) produce people who share the cultural practices and norms of society.
1. (a) and (d)

2. (b) and (c)
3. (a), (b) and (c)
4. (b), (c) and (d)
5. Highly complex, industrialised societies tend to …

0a) establish a system of universal, compulsory public education
d) make education non-compulsory
1. (a), (b) and (d)
2. (b) and (d)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (b), (c) and (d)
6. The family plays an important role in society because it …

a) is a macro institution.
b) provides society with new members.
c) plays an important socialization role.
d) is critical of tradition.
1. (b) and (c)
2. (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (a)
7. Norms are portrayed as the following:
a) Organizational patterns
b) Transmitted through participation in school life
c) Standards that people use to govern their conduct in appropriate situations
d) Compulsory
1. (a) and (b)

2. (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (d )
4. (b) and (c)
8. Dreeben believes there are essential norms that learners should learn at school. Two of
these norms are the following:
a) Independence
b) Liberalism
c) Good intentions
27
d) Universalism
1. (a) and (d)

2. (c) and (b)
3. (d)
4. (c)
9. Conflict theorists argue that …
a) society is dynamic and that there are tensions between interest groups.
b) society is in a state of equilibrium.
c) conflict is dysfunctional.
d) society is static.
1. (b)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (b) and (d)
10. Conflict theorists argue that schools …
a) are not a social benefit.

b) provide opportunities to those who work hard.
c) reward students.
d) prepare people to become compliant workers in a capitalist economy.
1. (a), (b) and (c)

2. (b) and (c)
3. (a) and (d)
4. (b), (c) and (d)
11. Conflict theory suggests that IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tests …

a) favour the working class.
b) favour the affluent class.
c) favour the intelligent.
d) are culturally biased.
1. (b) and (d)
2. (c)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (b), (c) and (d)
12. For a symbolic interactionist, gender is considered to be …
a) an attribute of different people.
28
b) innate.
c) up to the individual.
d) constantly made up and reproduced through social interaction.
1. (d)
2. (b)
3. (c)
a) Everyday contact
b) Social interaction
c) Class struggle
d) Constructed identity
1. (a) and (b)

2. (c)
3. (d)
4. (a) and (d)
14. In ancient Athenian democracy, citizenship included the following:
a) Active participation in public affairs

b) Women
c) Slaves
d) Following instructions
1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (d)
15. Which of the following were not components of apartheid ‘citizenship’ in South
Africa:
a) The classification of South Africans into different race groups

b) The denial of full civil, social or political rights for black people
c) Equality for all citizens
d) The establishment of the ‘homeland’ system
1. (a)
2. (d)
3. (c)
4. (b)
29
following:
a) Promoting participatory democracy
b) Confined to matric students
c) Promoting the necessary skills for active citizenship
d) A waste of time
1. (b) and (d)

2. (b), (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (c)
17. In terms of the United States of America, the country …

a) does not have an official national curriculum.
b) has an official national curriculum.
c) has a mix of state and national curricula.
d) is an autocracy.
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (a)
18. Social stratification can be defined as …

a) the way of life of people.
b) a tradition.
c) when an individual in society only acquires a certain part of culture.
d) a process of categorising people according to their ranks within the family and society.
1. (a), (b) and (c)

2. (b), (c) and (d)
3. (d)
4. (b)
19. Achieved characteristics are attributes that …

a) people have at birth.
b) people inherit.
c) develop over time like height and weight.
d) are learnt through hard work, choice and perseverance.
1. (a), (b) and (c)

2. (b) and (c)
3. (d)
4. (a)
30
20. From the perspective of symbolic interactionism, gender is constructed and

reproduced by:
a) Fixed differences between men and women

b) Ongoing social interaction
c) Male dominance
d) Social stability
1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (d)
4. (a)
OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2019
1. 1
2. 3
3. 3
4. 1
5. 4
6. 3
7. 4
8. 1
9. 2
10. 1
11. 3
12. 4
13. 1
14. 1
15. 1
16. 3
17. 4
18. 3
19. 1
20. 3
31

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Education opens up the

mind, expands it and allows

1. The discipline of Sociology of Education focuses on schools and ... .

2. At a macro level, Sociology of Education addresses ... .

1. interactions between teachers and learners

4. Two of the major functionalist theorists are the following:

1. Bowles and Gintis.

a) Unintentional and not obvious.

7. A criticism of functionalism is the following:

8. Conflict theory maintains the following:

a) Inequality is inevitable in capitalist society.

9. Conflict Theory is associated with the following:

a) schools perpetuate inequalities in society

a) of the unequal distribution of resources (money, property, schooling) in society

12. Conflict theory can be criticised because ... .

13. Symbolic interactionism focuses on the following:

a) The bigger picture of society.

Chapter 2: Practices in Sociology of Education

15. What are the functions of schools in society?

16. The ecology of the school can be described as the following:

a) Geographical situation of the school.

17. The settings of Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem include the following:

a) That traditional school subjects are taught.

a) form strong peer relationships

21. Dreeben’s norm of independence is based on one of the following points:

a) Learners take responsibility for their own actions.

22. Assimilation can be described as when a ... .

a) group develops the same technical skills

a) Having authority over others.

25. The hidden curriculum is the following:

a) A broad category that includes all unrecognised and sometimes unintended

26. Symbolic interactionism emphasises the following:

a) That people have the ability to think.

a) construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences

a) When the teacher interprets symbols.

29. The idea of citizenship entails ... .

a) a legal status (to be a citizen)

30. A cosmopolitan view of citizenship and citizenship education seeks to prepare

a) act locally but think globally

a) The classification of South Africans into different race groups.

a) South African citizenship for all.

a) Promoting participatory democracy.

Chapter 4: Diversity and culture in education

a) Learning about group differences in society.

a) entirely reliant upon our genes

38. What is social stratification?

a) The way of life of a people.

39. Gender is best described as the following:

1. The social process of developing masculine and feminine traits.

a) Encourages an understanding of race as biological.

1. Sociology is a study of ... .

1. social systems that should be investigated as an interrelated whole

2. Theorists argue that education is ... .

a) the act of imparting or acquiring knowledge and skills

3. The sociology of education ... .

a) The ability to think creatively.

1. a), b), c) and d)

a) The development of technology.

6. Functionalists suggest that schools have a latent function which is to ... .

7. Highly complex, industrialised societies tend to ... .

a) establish a system of universal, compulsory public education

8. The term ‘political socialisation’ refers to when a ... .

a) person’s political loyalty is widened beyond the local group