1.

Types of Speech According to

Purpose
a. informative or expository
speech
• is mainly performed for the
purpose of educating the audience
on
new or relevant piece of
information on a particular topic.
example: lecture of a teacher
b. persuasive speech
• is given solely for the purpose
of convincing the audience to
agree
with the speaker’s opinion on a
particular topic.
example: speech of a lawyer
c. entertainment speech
• aims to share laughter and
enjoyment to the audience through
witty
and humorous lines.
example: speech of a comedian
2. Types of Speech According to
Delivery
a. manuscript speech
• is the word-for-word iteration
of a written message using visual
aids.
example: news anchor with a
teleprompter
b. memorized speech
• is the rote recitation of a
written message that the speaker
has
committed to memory.
example: actor’s dialogue
c. extemporaneous speech
• is the presentation of a
carefully planned and rehearsed
speech,
spoken in a conversational manner
using brief notes.
example: a campaign speech
before a voting public
d. impromptu speech
• is the presentation of a short
message without advance
preparation
and is for people knowledgeable
about the subject.
example: a doctor’s response to
the question of a patient
Types of Speech According to Purpose
a. informative or expository speech
• is mainly performed for the purpose of educating the audience on new or relevant
piece of information on a particular topic.
example: lecture of a teacher
b. persuasive speech
• is given solely for the purpose of convincing the audience to agree with the
speaker’s opinion on a particular topic.
example: speech of a lawyer
c. entertainment speech
• aims to share laughter and enjoyment to the audience through witty and
humorous lines.
example: speech of a comedian

Types of Speech According to Delivery

a. manuscript speech
 is the word-for-word iteration of a written message using visual aids.
example: news anchor with a teleprompter
b. memorized speech
 is the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed
to memory.
example: actor’s dialogue
c. extemporaneous speech
 is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in
a conversational manner using brief notes.
example: a campaign speech before a voting public
d. impromptu speech
 is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation and is for
people knowledgeable about the subject.
example: a doctor’s response to the question of a patient.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

1 NOMINATION: Opening and establishing a new topic.

(Ex: Good morning, class. How are you today?)

2 RESTRICTION: Limiting what the participants can contribute to the topic.

This prevents the conversation from going off topic.
(Ex: Describe yourself with 3 words)

3 TURNTAKING: It is a process in which a participant stops speaking and

yields the floor to another participant
(Ex: student is reciting in class)
 4 TOPIC CONTROL: Used to control and prevent unnecessary
interruptions and topic shifts in certain conversations.
(Ex: That is a good question but it's no longer connected to our topic.)

5 TOPIC SHIFTING: When intentionally or unintentionally changes the

discussion of the flow of ideas in a conversation
(Ex: Oh, speaking of cat, how’s yours?)

6 REPAIR: Fixing the violations in a communication situation. Requesting

clarification; Not acknowledging the new situation; Topic shifting;
Repeating; Recasting
(Ex: The meeting is going to be on 25th…oh on 24th of May)

7 TERMINATION: Ending the conversation

(Ex: : Thank you …. Okay, all done… See u later

Speech Style

Another factor that affects the attainment of communicative competence is

speech style. A person may choose what style or form of language to use in
communicating with others; however, personal preferences may not work at all
times. There are controlled instances when one may just go with the flow of the
communicative process because that is what is required in the situation.

Intimate communication.
Happens between or among family members because they are bound by close
affinity: Intimate communication may be private or confidential.

Friends and acquaintances often use casual communication. They feel

comfortable. and at ease with one another.

Consultative means of communication is giving pieces of advice as in a

guidance counselor and a client who needs it. This can be between a doctor
and his patient or parents who consult with a teacher about their child's
academic performance.

The President delivering his SONA and a principal presenting a school's

financial report to teachers, parents and other stakeholders are both examples
of a
formal communication. This type of communication is well-planned in terms of
structure, sequence and coherence of ideas.

Finally, those activities which are not changeable in nature fall under frozen
type of communication. Saying a prayer like Our Lord's Prayer or the Hail Mary
and reciting the Patriotic Oath during flag ceremonies are just two of the
 examples. These are routinely done and may only be changed once amended
in the Philippine constitution. Frozen communication is set and it is very rarely or
almost never altered.

What is a Speech Act?

Speech acts are speakers' utterances which convey meaning and make
listeners do specific things.

There are three types of Speech Act:

1. Locutionary Act refers to the actual utterance of the speaker.

Example: When you ask someone, "Can you pass the salt?" The literal meaning
concerns the hearer's ability to pass the salt.

Two types of Locutionary Act

a. utterance acts - where something is said (or a sound is made) and which
may not have any meaning.

b. propositional acts - where a particular reference is made.

You sent

1. Illocutionary Act refers to the intended utterance by the speaker

(performance).

Example: "Can you pass the salt?" - In illocution, it is being interpreted by the
receiver that the speaker requested him to pass the salt.

Illocutionary acts are classified into five distinct categories:

a. Assertive- It is an act in which the speaker expresses belief about the

truth of a proposition. Some examples are suggesting, swearing,
boasting, concluding and putting forward.

Example: No one makes better sandwich than I do.

b. Directive It is an act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee

perform an action. Some examples are asking, ordering, requesting,
inviting, advising and begging.

Example: Would you make me a cup of tea?

c. Commissive - It is an act which commits the speaker to doing something

in the future. Some examples are promising, planning, vowing, betting.
 Example: I promise to come at eight and cook a nice dinner for you.

d. Expressive - It is an act in which the speaker expresses his/her feelings

or emotional reactions. Some examples are thanking, apologizing,
welcoming, deploring.

Example: Thank you for your kind offer.

e. Declaration - It is an act which brings a change in the external situation.

Some examples of declarations are blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, passing

excommunicating. a sentence and

Example: I bequeath all my property to my beloved fiancée.

3. Perlocutionary Act
refers to the actions that result from the locution or what we bring about or
achieve by saying something such as convincing, persuading, deterring or
surprising.

Example: "Can you pass the salt?" - if illocutions cause listeners to do

something, they are perlocutions. ….