Икоева Ирина

7. Practical tasks. Synonyms and antonyms

Task 1:

- Wide-narrow: Gradable (opposites with a spectrum in between)

- Beautiful-ugly: Gradable

- Male-female: Non-gradable (binary opposites)

- Sink-float: Non-gradable

- Closed-opened: Gradable

Task 2:

a) sweet: sour, bitter, tart

b) morning: evening, night, dusk

c) novel: familiar, old, conventional

Task 3:

A. Synonyms differentiated by the connotation of duration:

- short, for half an hour or so

- long, 1 must confess I am a little surprised.

Explanation: These synonyms are differentiated by the connotation of duration as

"short" implies a brief period of time, while "long" indicates a more extended
duration.

B. Synonyms differentiated by the connotation of degree or intensity:

- trembling, shuddered, shivering, reddened, blazing, glittered, sparkled

- cold stare

- cold
- extraordinary, astonished, amazed, surprised, jolly well

Explanation: These synonyms are differentiated by the connotation of degree or

intensity. For example, "trembling," "shuddered," "shivering," "reddened,"
"blazing," and "sparkled" indicate varying degrees of physical or emotional
reactions. Additionally, "astonished," "amazed," "surprised," and "extraordinary"
convey different levels of emotional response.

C. Synonyms differentiated by the causative connotation:

- settled, said

- applauded, yelled

- exchanged glances

- ignored

- captured, beaten down

- adore, resents, admires

- would have liked to go

Explanation: These synonyms are differentiated by the causative connotation,

indicating different actions, intentions, or causal relationships. For example,
"settled" and "said" represent different causative actions, while "adore," "resents,"
and "admires" denote different emotional responses.

Task 4:

a) Degree (intensity) of the referent:

- Gratify, please, exalt, content, satisfy, delight, worship, love, like, adore, admire,
talk, say, tell, speak, astound, surprise, amaze, astonish, vast, immense, large -
Denote varying degrees of intensity or emotional response.

b) Brief or lengthy duration of the referent:

- Cry, weep, sob, glance, gaze, glare, stare, worship, love, like, adore, admire, talk,
say, tell, speak, roar, shout, cry, bellow, yell, cold, cool, chilly, want, long, yearn,
desire, wish, vast, immense, large - Refer to actions or states of varying duration.

It's important to note that some words can fit into both categories depending on the
context in which they are used.

Task 5:

A. Synonyms differentiated by evaluative connotations:

- Notorious, well-known, celebrated

B. Synonyms differentiated by connotation of manner:

- Amusement, hatred, skill, swaggered, fabricated, staggering, trot away, peering

into

Explanation:

- The synonyms "notorious," "well-known," and "celebrated" are differentiated by

evaluative connotations, indicating varying levels of fame or reputation.

- The synonyms "amusement," "hatred," "skill," "swaggered," "fabricated,"

"staggering," "trot away," and "peering into" are differentiated by the connotation
of manner, conveying different ways of acting, feeling, or producing.

Task 6:

1. Fear - terror - horror: Terror and horror convey stronger emotive connotations
compared to fear.

2. Look - stare - glare - gaze - glance: Stare and glare have stronger emotive
connotations due to their intensity and often negative implications.

3. Love - admire - adore - worship: Adore and worship both carry stronger emotive
connotations as they imply a higher level of intensity and devotion compared to
love and admire.
4. Alone - single - solitary - lonely: Lonely has the most pronounced emotive
connotation, as it implies a deep sense of sadness or isolation.

5. Tremble - shiver - shudder - shake: Shudder and shake tend to have stronger
emotive connotations, expressing a more intense or involuntary reaction compared
to tremble and shiver.

6. Wish - desire - yearn - long: Yearn and long both carry stronger emotive
connotations as they convey a deeper or more intense longing or desire compared
to wish and desire.

Task 7:

a) Lettuce, peas, onion, paprika, cucumber, leek: Salad greens, vegetables

b) Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune: Planets, celestial bodies

Task 8:

a) Building: House, skyscraper, church, office, factory

b) Profession: Doctor, teacher, engineer, artist, lawyer

c) Drink: Water, coffee, tea, soda, juice