FACTUAL WRITING

Written By : Faiz Naufal Falah (22101050016)

1. When authors convey their meaning to readers, several aspects influence their
choices. These aspects include the author's personal experiences, cultural
background, intended audience, literary traditions, and desired impact on the
readers. By drawing from their own experiences, authors can infuse their writing
with authenticity and emotional depth, enabling readers to connect with the story
on a deeper level. Cultural background plays a crucial role in shaping an author's
perspective, influencing their choice of themes, symbols, and language. The
intended audience also guides the author's decisions, as they may adapt their style
and language to cater to a specific age group, educational level, or cultural milieu.
Literary traditions and genres also impact an author's expression. For example, a
poet may use vivid imagery and metaphors to evoke emotions, while a novelist
may focus on character development and intricate plotlines. Additionally, the
author's desired impact on the readers plays a significant role. They may seek to
entertain, provoke thought, challenge societal norms, or convey moral messages.
This objective influences their language, tone, and narrative structure.

Ultimately, authors have the freedom to experiment with language and style to
convey their meaning effectively. Through careful consideration of personal
influences, intended audience, and desired impact, authors craft their works in
unique ways that resonate with readers and allow for a rich and diverse literary
landscape.
2. Denotation refers to the literal or dictionary meaning of a word, while
connotation refers to the associated or implied meanings beyond the literal
definition. Denotation is the basic, straightforward meaning of a word, while
connotation adds layers of emotion, cultural references, or subjective
interpretations.

Examples of denotation and connotation :

a. The word "snake":
Denotation: A long, legless reptile.
Connotation: Deception, danger, treachery (as in "he's a snake").
b. The word "home":
Denotation: A place where one lives.
Connotation: Warmth, comfort, belonging.
c. The word "childish"

Denotation: Behaving in a way typical of a child.

Connotation: Immature, silly, lacking seriousness.

We use denotation when we want to express something in a straightforward and

literal manner. Connotation, on the other hand, allows for deeper layers of
meaning, emotional impact, and subjective interpretations. It adds nuances and
evokes specific associations or feelings.
3. In my previous story, there are examples of different writing styles. One example
is the use of sentence structure to convey meaning. For instance:
"He stumbled through the door, his heart pounding and his palms sweaty."

In this sentence, the author uses parallel structure ("his heart pounding and his
palms sweaty") to emphasize the character's nervousness and physical state.

Another example is the degree of detail and description employed:

"The sun slowly dipped below the horizon, casting a warm, golden glow over the
tranquil lake."

Here, the author uses vivid imagery and sensory details to create a vivid picture
for the readers, immersing them in the scene.

As for the degree of formality, let's consider the following sentence:

"She glanced at her watch, realizing she was already late for the appointment."

Here, the author uses a relatively formal tone, employing words like "glanced"
and "realizing" instead of more colloquial alternatives like "looked" or "figured
out." The choice of language sets a tone of seriousness and urgency.
4. Contextual meaning, which goes beyond the dictionary definition, can be found
in various words in my previous story. Here are fifteen examples:

1. "Whisper": In the context of the story, it signifies speaking in a hushed or

secretive manner, possibly conveying a sense of secrecy or intimacy.
2. "Roar": It implies a loud, powerful sound, often associated with anger or
aggression.
3. "Dawn": It refers to the early morning light, symbolizing new beginnings or
hope.
4. "Chase": It suggests the act of pursuing someone or something with the
intention to catch or capture.
5. "Glimmer": It connotes a faint or subtle light, often used metaphorically to
represent a spark of hope or possibility.
6. "Stumble": It implies losing balance or making a mistake, suggesting a lack of
coordination or clumsiness.
7. "Crescendo": It signifies a gradual increase in intensity, commonly used in
music but metaphorically applied to build tension or excitement in a narrative.
8. "Whirlwind": It evokes a sense of chaos or rapid movement, suggesting a
flurry of activity or events.
9. "Serenade": It denotes a musical performance or gesture of affection, typically
involving romantic intentions.
10. "Murmur": It implies a soft or indistinct sound, often associated with quiet
conversation or gentle flowing water.
11. "Savor": It suggests enjoying or relishing something, often used in the context
of appreciating a pleasant taste or experience.
12. "Radiant": It connotes a bright or glowing appearance, often associated with
beauty or happiness.
13. "Tremor": It signifies a slight or involuntary shaking or vibration, typically
associated with fear, excitement, or seismic activity.
14. "Melancholy": It denotes a feeling of sadness or pensiveness, often with a
touch of nostalgia or longing.
15. "Intrigue": It implies a sense of fascination or curiosity, often related to a
mysterious or captivating quality.