Service Manual FN 1700 1900 Ver6

Falling Number
1700/1900
Service Manual
©2010 Perten Instruments AB
Perten Instruments AB
PO Box 5101
SE-141 05 Kungens Kurva
SWEDEN
Tel +46 8 880 990
Fax +46 8 881 210
E-mail info@perten.com
Web www.perten.com
Falling Number is a registered trade mark of Perten

Instruments AB
This service manual describes the Falling Number 1700 (FN

1700) and Falling Number 1900 (FN1900) instruments
manufactured by Perten Instruments AB.
This service manual remains the property of Perten
Instruments and is issued on condition that it is not copied,
reprinted or disclosed either fully or in part to a third party
without prior written consent of Perten Instruments.
Recommendations and suggestions regarding the product and

its use that are offered by Perten Instruments in our
information material, or information provided by any
employee, broker, or distributor of Perten Instruments, are a
guide in the use of this product and are not a guarantee of its
performance since Perten Instruments has no control over its
use.
In no event shall Perten Instruments or its affiliates be liable
for indirect, incidental, or consequential damages of any
nature including, but not limited to, loss of profits, revenue,
production, or use, business interruption, in the use or
performance of any Perten Instruments product.
Perten Instruments or its affiliates’ total aggregate liability for
damages of any nature, regardless of form of action, shall in
no event exceed the amount paid by you to Perten
Instruments, or its affiliates for the product upon which liability
is based.
Falling Number 1700/1900—Service Manual v6
Contents
Part 1— Getting started __________________________________________ 1
1.1 Safety instructions _________________________________________________2
Symbols _______________________________________________________ 2
1.2 Introduction ______________________________________________________3
1.2.1 Recommended tools _________________________________________ 3
1.2.2 Spare parts ________________________________________________ 3
1.2.3 Operation _________________________________________________ 3
1.2.4 Differences between FN 1700 and FN 1900 _______________________ 3
1.2.5 Changing the operating voltage ________________________________ 4
1.2.6 RS-232 communication _______________________________________ 4
1.2.7 Block diagram ______________________________________________ 5
Part 2— Test functions __________________________________________ 7

2.1 FN 1700 test functions _____________________________________________8
2.2 FN 1900 test functions ____________________________________________11
2.2.1 Test function set 1 (Code 91) __________________________________12
2.2.2 Test function set 2 (Code 92) __________________________________12
2.2.3 Temperature calibration function (Code 93) _______________________15
2.2.4 Service interval counter (Code 94) ______________________________15
2.2.5 Current temperature (Code 95) _________________________________16
Part 3— Replacements & adjustments _____________________________ 17

3.1 Vertical and horizontal alignment ____________________________________18
3.2 Water bath______________________________________________________19
3.2.1 Guide plate for water bath lid __________________________________19
3.2.2 Vertical position of water bath __________________________________19
3.2.3 Level/temperature sensor _____________________________________20
3.2.4 Water level indicator _________________________________________21
3.2.5 Heating elements ___________________________________________21
3.3 Main body ______________________________________________________23
3.3.1 Dismantling and reassembling main body ________________________23
3.3.2 Stirrer rail guide wheels ______________________________________24
3.4 Cassette sensor _________________________________________________25
3.4.1 Magnetic cassette sensor _____________________________________25
3.4.2 Optical cassette sensor _______________________________________26
3.5 Start arm system _________________________________________________27
3.5.1 Replacing the start arm _______________________________________27
3.5.2 Adjusting the start arm _______________________________________28
3.5.3 Start arm PC board __________________________________________30
3.5.4 Claw head position __________________________________________31
3.6 Controller board _________________________________________________33
3.6.1 Main components ___________________________________________33
3.6.2 Jumpers __________________________________________________33
3.6.3 Test points ________________________________________________34
3.6.4 Replacing the controller board _________________________________35
Contents i
3.7 FN 1900 control box ______________________________________________37

3.7.1 Integrated circuits ___________________________________________37
3.7.2 Jumpers __________________________________________________37
3.7.3 RS-232 port________________________________________________37
3.7.4 Test points ________________________________________________37
3.7.5 Miscellaneous ______________________________________________37
3.8 Temperature calibration ___________________________________________38
3.9 Modifications and upgrades ________________________________________40
3.9.1 Grounding cable added _______________________________________40
3.9.2 Cassette sensor ____________________________________________40
3.9.3 Top claw __________________________________________________40
3.9.4 Other minor changes ________________________________________40
Part 4— Error messages and troubleshooting _______________________ 41

4.1 Error messages __________________________________________________42
4.2 Troubleshooting _________________________________________________44
Part 5— Appendices ___________________________________________ 45

5.1 RS-232 communication ____________________________________________46
5.1.1 Introduction ________________________________________________46
5.1.2 Wiring configurations ________________________________________46
5.1.3 Communication settings ______________________________________47
5.1.4 Data output options __________________________________________47
5.1.5 Two-way communication using Port 2 ___________________________48
5.1.6 Process schematic __________________________________________49
5.1.7 Printer output ______________________________________________50
5.2 InstTest ________________________________________________________51
5.2.1 Installation _________________________________________________51
5.2.2 Program overview ___________________________________________51
5.2.3 Date, Serial no, Type no ______________________________________52
5.2.4 Calibrating _________________________________________________52
5.2.5 Eeprom ___________________________________________________53
5.2.6 Selecting COM port__________________________________________56
5.2.7 Troubleshooting ____________________________________________56
5.3 Perten Language Editor ___________________________________________57
5.4 Obtaining accurate test results ______________________________________59
5.5 Contact information _______________________________________________60
ii Contents
Part 1—Getting started
Part 1—Getting started 1

!
1.1 Safety instructions

All service work on the FN 1700 or FN 1900 should be carried
out by a suitably qualified and authorized person.
Always disconnect the instrument from the mains power
supply before making any adjustments.
High voltages are present inside the instrument. Take great
care when connecting the instrument to the mains power
supply to check operation, particularly when the instrument
has been partially disassembled.
All wiring and grounding to the instrument must conform to
local regulations. The power cable must be connected to a
mains power outlet with a protective earth contact.
Keep hair, clothing and personal effects clear of the
instrument during operation.
Stirring starts five seconds after lowering the visor. To avoid
injury, keep fingers clear of the instrument after lowering the
visor or activating the visor sensor.
The viscometer tubes are glass and may break. Always
inspect each viscometer tube before use to ensure it is free
from defects. Never use damaged tubes.
The water bath and cooling lid become hot during operation.
Do not touch the water bath or cooling lid surfaces during
operation. If the water bath or cooling lid need to be removed,
emptied, cleaned or otherwise adjusted, or if the plastic tubing
for the cooling water needs to be replaced or otherwise
adjusted, ensure the water bath and cooling lid are at room
temperature.
Always disconnect the instrument from the mains supply
before connecting or disconnecting the water bath and
condensing system.
Perten Instruments cannot accept responsibility for any
accidents that may occur during apparatus repair or
adjustment. If in doubt, contact Perten Instruments.
Symbols
0 Off (power) switch

position ! caution—refer to this
manual
1 On (power) switch
position * caution—hot surface
~ alternating current
/ caution—risk of electric
shock
2 Part 1—Getting started

1.2 Introduction
This service manual covers the Falling Number 1700 (FN 1700) and Falling Number 1900 (FN
1900) instruments, manufactured by Perten Instruments. Both instruments are based on the
same platform. Except where noted, all parts of this manual apply to both instruments.
1.2.1 Recommended tools

To service a Falling Number instrument, you may require the following tools (not supplied by
Perten Instruments):
• a pin extractor for the water bath connector (AMP 458994-2 or AMP 150807)
• a thermometer with a resolution of at least 0.1°C
• a 13 mm guide wheel adjustment key
• a hook for extracting rubber washers from the water level indicator
• an RS-232 serial cable for connecting the instrument to a personal computer.
1.2.2 Spare parts

Perten Instruments publishes a Spare Parts Price List annually. Please refer to this price list
for part numbers and prices. Parts can also be visually identified from the Perten Instruments
web shop at www.perten.com/webshop.
1.2.3 Operation
For details on the installation and operation of the FN 1700 or FN 1900, please refer to the
operation manual for the instrument.
1.2.4 Differences between FN 1700 and FN 1900

The technical differences between the FN 1700 and FN 1900 are as follows:
• The FN 1900 includes a solid-state relay for temperature regulation of the water bath.
This relay is connected to the relay board and to the controller board using two cables
that are only used in the FN 1900.
• The FN 1700 uses a display assembly to show test results, whereas the FN 1900 uses a
separate control box for both viewing test results and interacting with the instrument.
• The rear test button has no function in the FN 1900—all test functions are instead
accessed from the control box.

1.2.5 Changing the operating voltage

The FN 1700 and FN 1900 can be configured to operate at
either 100–120 or 220–240 Vac.
To change the operating voltage
1 Exchange both heating elements (see 3.2.5, page 21).

2 Remove the fuse holder and replace the two fuses.
3 Set the voltage selector at the mains power connection to
the correct mains voltage.
' Notes
The part numbers for fuses are T5AL 250V (220–240 Vac,
5 × 20 mm) and T10AL 250V (100–120 Vac, ceramic
6.3 × 32 mm).
No changes are required when switching between 50 and
60 Hz.
1.2.6 RS-232 communication

For details on communication with an FN 1700 or FN 1900 via
the RS-232 serial port, please refer to 5.1, page 46.

1.2.7 Block diagram
FN1700 only FN 1900 only

display LED FN 1900 control box
board
RS-232 printer
J22
connector
remote
WAND LCD display
J21 controller
connector
board
display driver
board
STIRRER
J20 keyboard
connector
16
top claw J06 left stop

2 J03 J26 2
solenoid sensor
start
opto-
arm right stop
switches J01 8 J11 J10 10 J25 PC J27 2 sensor
board
board
start arm controller board red/green

motor 4 J15 J28 3 LED
stirrer
motor 4 J14
optical
J01 3 cassette
sensor
J05 J17 J04 J13 J01 J02 J12
RS-232 NC
connector 3
2 4 2 6
test
button 2 water bath
temperature level/
regulation mains 5 temp.
solid-state relay transformer sensor vertical
(FN 1900 only) heating
FN1700: jumper element
mounted on J21
2 4 water bath
connector 2
J21 J17 J18
mains power
inlet and 4 relay board J20
J19 4 horizontal
voltage 2
heating element
selector 1


Part 2—Test functions
Part 2—Test functions 7

2.1 FN 1700 test functions

The FN 1700 has 22 built-in test functions for testing,
adjusting and manipulating the instrument.
To enter and exit test mode a
1 Ensure the instrument is switched off.

2 While holding down the test button on the rear panel,
switch on the instrument using the main switch (a).
3 Ensure the visor is in the upper position. b
4 Press the test button to step between the different test

functions (b). The selected function will be shown on the
display. See the following table for a description of each
function.
5 When the required test function is shown, lower the visor c
(c) to activate the selected function.
6 When you have finished, switch off the instrument to exit
test mode.
No. Function
1 Auto-start disabled. The stirrer arm and counting will not start until the visor is lowered.
2 Water bath disabled. The heating elements are switched off and the water temperature
and water level sensors are disabled. The instrument will allow tests to be run with no
water or with cold water. The instrument can be activated by lowering the visor.
3 Auto-start and water bath disabled. Combination of test functions 1 and 2. The
instrument can be activated by lowering the visor.
4 Continuous self-test mode. A test is automatically started two minutes after the
previous test cycle is finished. The instrument can be activated by lowering the visor. This
function will run with cold water; i.e. the heating elements will not be switched on.
5 Language. After lowering the visor, the language can be set. Press the test button until
the required language number appears on the display. Exit by switching off the
instrument.
0 = English 3 = Spanish 6 = Italian 9 = German 12 = Russian
1 = Swedish 4 = Turkish 7 = Norwegian 10 = Finnish 13 = Danish
2 = Czech 5 = French 8 = Portuguese 11 = Polish 14 = Slovenian
6 Stirrer motor on/off. The stirrer motor can be started by lowering the visor and stopped
by raising the visor.
Before using this function, use test function 9 to ensure the start arm is in the forward
position. Otherwise, the crankshaft may hit one of the link arms for the start arm.
7 Stirrer motor to top position. When the visor is lowered, the stirrer motor starts and
then stops at the top dead end position.
8 Stirrer motor to stirrer release position. When the visor is lowered, the stirrer motor
starts and then stops at the stirrer release position. The claw solenoid is then activated
while the stirrer motor reverses a few steps to the top dead end position.
9 Start arm forward. When the visor is lowered, the start arm moves to the forward stop
position.
8 Part 2—Test functions

No. Function
10 Start arm back. When the visor is lowered, the start arm moves to the back stop
position.
11 Claw activated 2 s. When the visor is lowered, the claw solenoid is activated for
2 seconds.
12 Display/LED test. When the visor is raised, the display shows tES12 and the LED on the
start arm should be off.
Every second time the visor is lowered, all segments on the display should be lit,
including the left/right indicators, and the LED on the start arm should be red.
Every other time the visor is lowered, all segments on the display should be unlit and the
LED on the start arm should be green.
13 Vertical element. When the visor is lowered, the vertical element in the water bath is
switched on. When the visor is raised, the element is switched off.
14 Horizontal element. When the visor is lowered, the horizontal element in the water bath
is switched on. When the visor is raised, the element is switched off.
15 Beeper. When the visor is lowered, the beeper is switched on. When the visor is raised,
the beeper is switched off.
16 Calibration of stirrer top dead end. When the visor is lowered, the stirrer motor (stepper
motor) is switched on for one revolution. During this revolution the number of motor steps
with the top position sensor active is measured and displayed. This number divided by
two defines the number of motor steps between triggering of the top position sensor and
the actual top dead end position. This value should be between 20 and 30. If the number
is outside these limits, the vertical position of the top sensor board may need to be
adjusted.
Before using this function, use test function 9 to ensure the start arm is in the forward
position.
This test function must be run twice consecutively for the correct value to be stored
correctly in the internal memory.
17 Stirrer stop position. Prior to using this function, place two stirrers and test tubes in a
cassette and place the cassette in the water bath. When the visor is lowered, the stirrer
motor will lower the stirrers to the position where the stirrer sensor should be triggered.
This test function is commonly used together with test function 18 to adjust the stirrer
sensor (see 3.5.2, page 28).
18 Stirrer sensors status. This function is mainly used to adjust the vertical trigger point of
the stirrer sensors. Each display shows 1 when the corresponding sensor is activated
and 0 when it is not activated. The upper display shows the left sensor and the lower
display shows the right sensor. Activate and deactivate this test function by lowering and
then raising the visor.
Before adjusting the stirrer sensors, the stirrers must be positioned exactly at the trigger
point using test function 17. To adjust, move the sensors upwards until the sensor status
switches from 0 to 1. Use test functions 20 and 21 to check adjustments.

No. Function
19 Micro-controller input states. When the visor is lowered, the logic input states to the
micro-controller are shown on the display. Raise the visor to exit this test mode.
Each segment represents one input signal. The respective segment is lit when the
respective input to the micro-controller (or IC17 latch circuit) is high. The diagram below
shows what each display segment represents.
A = OFF—water bath level high
888
B = OFF—start arm in forward position A B C
C = OFF—left stirrer stop sensor activated
D = OFF—water bath disconnected
E = OFF—start arm in back position
F = OFF—right stirrer stop sensor activated D E F
G = OFF—stirrer module top sensor activated
888
H = OFF—visor in down position G H I
I = OFF—test button pressed
J = not used
K = OFF—cassette with stirrer(s) present
J K L
L = not used.
20 Left stirrer falling distance. When the visor is lowered, the number of stirrer motor steps
between the release position and sensor trigger point for the left stirrer will be counted.
Use this test function to verify that the stirrer sensors are correctly adjusted. The
displayed value should be in the range 142–146. This value may change slightly after
putting back the start arm cover.
Before using this test function, use test function 9 to ensure the start arm is in the front
position.
21 Right stirrer falling distance. Same as for test function 20 but applied to the right stirrer.
Before using this test function, use test function 9 to ensure the start arm is in the front
position.
22 Temperature and ADC value. The water bath temperature, recalculated from the
temperature sensor ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) value, is shown on the upper
display. The ADC value for the temperature measurement is shown on the lower display.

2.2 FN 1900 test functions

The test functions of the FN 1900 are similar to those of the FN 1700. They can be accessed
using the keyboard on the controller box. The test button used for stepping between test
modes on the FN 1700 has no function on the FN 1900.
The test functions are divided into five sections, each of which can be accessed using a
different password:
PW Functions
91 Demonstration mode and production tests—used for demonstrations and long-term tests.
The test functions correspond to test functions 1–4 on the FN 1700.
92 Functions for checking operation and facilitating adjustments and repair. The test
functions correspond to test functions 6–22 on the FN 1700.
93 Temperature calibration—used when the temperature sensor needs to be re-calibrated,
for example following exchange of the water temperature sensor or controller board.
94 Service interval counter—shows number of analyses and date for last service.
95 Actual temperature—shows actual calculated water temperature in degrees Celsius.
To enter and exit test mode
1 On the instrument keypad, press CODE.
2 Press 9 or use the arrow keys to select SERVICE and SERVICE 9

press ENTER. ENTER PASSWORD**
3 Enter one of the five password codes (91–96) and press
TEST 0
ENTER. A.ST OFF WB ON >
4 Raise the visor (a). The 0 in the upper right corner will a
change to the first test function number for the selected
section.
5 Use the arrow keys to step between the test functions.
6 When the required test function is shown, lower the visor
to activate the selected function.
7 When you have finished, ensure the visor is in the upper
position and press CODE to exit test mode.

2.2.1 Test function set 1 (Code 91)
No. Function Display

1 Auto-start disabled. The stirrer arm and counting will TEST 1
not start until the visor is lowered. A:ST OFF WB ON
2 Water bath disabled. The heating elements are TEST 2
switched off and the water temperature and water level A:ST ON WB OFF
sensors are disabled. The instrument will allow tests to
be run with no water or with cold water. The instrument
can be activated by lowering the visor.
3 Auto-start and Water bath disabled. Combination of TEST 3
test functions 1 and 2. The instrument can be activated A:ST OFF WB OFF
by lowering the visor.
4 Continuous self-test mode. A test is automatically TEST 4
started two minutes after the previous test cycle is Autorun ON
finished. The instrument can be activated by lowering the
visor. This function will run with cold water; i.e. the
heating elements will not be switched on.
2.2.2 Test function set 2 (Code 92)

6 Stirrer motor on/off. The stirrer motor can be started by TEST 6
lowering the visor and stopped by raising the visor. STIRRER ON
Before using this function, use test function 9 to ensure
the start arm is in the forward position. Otherwise, the
crankshaft may hit one of the link arms for the start arm.
7 Stirrer motor to top position. When the visor is TEST 7
lowered, the stirrer motor starts and then stops at the top TOP POS
dead end position.
8 Stirrer motor to stirrer release position. When the TEST 8
visor is lowered, the stirrer motor starts and then stops at RELEASE POS
the stirrer release position. The claw solenoid is then
activated while the stirrer motor reverses a few steps to
the top dead end position.
9 Start arm forward. When the visor is lowered, the start TEST 9
arm moves to the forward stop position. LOCK
10 Start arm back. When the visor is lowered, the start arm TEST 10
moves to the back stop position. UNLOCK
11 Claw activated 2 s. When the visor is lowered, the claw TEST 11
solenoid is activated for 2 seconds. CLAW
12 Keyboard test. The display will show what key was last TEST 12
pressed. This test can be used to check that the DISPLAY L
keyboard is working properly.
13 Vertical element. When the visor is lowered, the vertical TEST 13
element in the water bath is switched on. When the visor VERT.ELEMENT
is raised, the element is switched off.
14 Horizontal element. When the visor is lowered, the TEST 14
horizontal element in the water bath is switched on. HOR.ELEMENT
When the visor is raised, the element is switched off.


15 Beeper. When the visor is lowered, the beeper is TEST 15
switched on. When the visor is raised, the beeper is BEEPER
switched off.
16 Calibration of stirrer top dead end. When the visor is TEST 16
lowered, the stirrer motor (stepper motor) is switched on CAL.TOPS 0
for one revolution. During this revolution the number of
motor steps with the top position sensor active is
measured and displayed. This number divided by two
defines the number of motor steps between triggering of
the top position sensor and the actual top dead end
position. This value should be between 20 and 30. If the
number is outside these limits, the vertical position of the
top sensor board may need to be adjusted.
Before using this function, use test function 9 to ensure
the start arm is in the forward position.
This test function must be run twice consecutively for the
correct value to be stored in the internal memory.
17 Stirrer stop position. Prior to using this test function, TEST 17
place two stirrers and test tubes in a cassette and put the STOP POS
cassette in the water bath. Use test function 9 to move
the Start arm to the forward position. When the visor is
lowered, the stirrer motor will lower the stirrers to the
position where the stirrer sensor should be triggered.
This test function is commonly used prior to test function
18 to adjust the stirrer sensors.
18 Stirrer sensors status. This test function is mainly used TEST 18
to adjust the vertical trigger point of the stirrer sensors. LSENS0 RSENS0
The display shows 1 when the sensor is activated and 0
when it is not activated.
Before adjusting the stirrer sensors, the stirrers must be
positioned exactly at the trigger point using test function
17. To adjust, move the sensors upwards until the sensor
status switches from 0 to 1. Use test functions 20 and 21
to check adjustments.
19 Micro-controller input states. When the visor is TEST 19
lowered, some of the logic input states to the micro- INP 00000000
controller are shown on the display. Raise the visor to
exit this test mode.
Each of the eight digits represents one input signal. The
respective digit changes from 0 to 1 when the respective
input to the micro controller (or IC17 latch circuit) is high.
Following is what each digit (counting from left to right)
represents:
1 = 0—Visor lowered (always 0 during test)
2 = 0—Stirrer top position sensor activated
3 = 0—Water bath disconnected
4 = 0—Water level in water bath OK
5 = 0—Right stirrer stop sensor activated
6 = 0—Left stirrer stop sensor activated
7 = 0—Start arm back position sensor activated
8 = 0—Start arm forward position sensor activated.


20 Left stirrer falling distance. When the visor is lowered, TEST 20
the number of stirrer motor steps between the release CHK SENS L 0
position and sensor trigger point for the left stirrer will be
counted. Use this test function to verify that the stirrer
sensors are correctly adjusted. The displayed value
should be in the range 142–146. This value may change
slightly after putting back the start arm cover.
Before using this test function, use test function 9 to
ensure the start arm is in the front position.
21 Right stirrer falling distance. Same as for test function TEST 21
20 but applied to the right stirrer. CHK SENS R 0
Before using this test function, use test function 9 to
ensure the start arm is in the front position.
22 Temperature and ADC value. The ADC value for the TEST 22
temperature measurement is shown on the display AD 0 TEMP 0C
together with the water bath temperature, recalculated
from the temperature sensor ADC value.

2.2.3 Temperature calibration function (Code 93)

The temperature calibration function can be used when the
temperature sensor needs to be re-calibrated, such as
following replacement of the water temperature sensor or
controller board. See 3.8, page 38.
2.2.4 Service interval counter (Code 94)

The service interval counter can be used to display the
following three values:
• ANALYSIS—number of analyses (tests) since the ANALYSIS 0
analysis counter was last reset. 486 >
• ANALYS. SINCE SE—number of analyses (tests) since ANALYS. SINCE SE

the service counter was last reset. 123 >
• MONTHS SINCE SE—number of months since the MONTHS SINCE SE
service counter was last reset. 12 <
To view and/or reset the service interval counter

3 Enter the password code 94 and press ENTER.

4 Press ◄ or ► to switch between the different modes.
5 To reset a service counter, press and hold CODE for
three seconds while displaying that counter.
6 To exit the function, press ENTER.
' Notes
The service interval counter is independent of the EEPROM

on the stirrer unit, which also includes an analysis counter and
the last service date (see 5.2.5, page 53).

2.2.5 Current temperature (Code 95)

The temperature function will show the current water
temperature in degrees Celsius based on the ADC values
from the temperature sensor and the internal temperature
constants stored in the EEPROM on the controller board.
To view the current water temperature

3 Enter the password code 95 and press ENTER. The TEMP.REG

current temperature will be shown in degrees Celsius. TEMP 27.3`C
4 If the displayed temperature does not agree with the
measured temperature, recalibrate the temperature
sensor (see 3.8, page 38).
5 To exit the function, press ENTER.

Part 3—Replacements & adjustments
Part 4—Error messages and troubleshooting 17

3.1 Vertical and horizontal alignment

Since there are interactions between many mechanical
adjustments, always carry out alignment adjustments in the
correct order. The following list describes the most important
adjustments and the order in which they should be carried out.
1 Position of guide plate for water bath lid (3.2.1, page 19)
2 Vertical position of water bath (3.2.2, page 19)
3 Left–right position of start arm (3.5.2, page 28)
4 Forward and back stop positions of start arm (3.5.2,
page 28)
5 Vertical position of claw head (3.5.4, page 31)
6 Left-right position of claw head (3.5.4, page 31).
18 Part 4—Error messages and troubleshooting

3.2 Water bath
3.2.1 Guide plate for water bath lid

The reference for all left-right adjustments is the position of
the guide plate for the water bath lid. The guide plate should
be centered with respect to the front of the chassis and is
normally vertically-adjusted to be as far upwards as possible.
All other left-right adjustments must refer to the position of the
guide plate. Adjustment of the guide plate is rarely required
and should only be carried out when absolutely necessary.
To adjust the position of the guide plate
1 Loosen the two screws that secure the guide plate (a). a
2 Position the guide plate.

3 Tighten the screws.
3.2.2 Vertical position of water bath

The water bath should be vertically positioned so that the
stirrer collars touch the start arm. a
To adjust the vertical position of the water bath
1 Tip the instrument onto its side and locate the three
vertical positioning bolts for the water bath (a).
2 Using a spanner and Allen key, loosen the nuts securing b
the positioning bolts and turn the positioning bolts to the
required position (b).
3 Tip the instrument upright, attach the water bath and lid
and insert a cassette loaded with tubs and stirrers.
4 Check that the stirrer collars touch the start arm. If
required, insert different stirrers and cassettes to verify
that the adjustment is correct.
5 Tip the instrument back onto its side and tighten the nuts
to secure the vertical positioning bolts.

3.2.3 Level/temperature sensor

The water level sensor consists of a magnetic sensor
activated by a magnet placed in the floater. The level sensor
has a built-in semiconductor temperature sensor with an
output of 10 mV/°C
To replace the level/temperature sensor a

1 Remove the water bath from the instrument and turn it
over.
2 Unscrew and remove the base plate from the water
bath (a).
b
3 Using a pin extraction tool (AMP 458994-2, AMP 150807
or equivalent), press out pins 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 on the
water bath connector (b).
4 Unbolt the old sensor and remove it from the water
bath (c).
c level/
temp.
5 Mount the new sensor, ensuring the copper washer is on sensor
the inside of the water bath.
6 Press the pre-mounted connection pins into the water
bath connector (see following note).
7 Replace the base plate.
8 Recalibrate the temperature sensor (see 3.8, page 38).
' Notes
The part number for the level/temperature sensor is 17.01.20.

The following wiring configuration is required for connecting
the pins from the new sensor to the water bath connector:
Pin Color Notes

6 white Cable from sensor
6 white Jumper cable from pin 6 to pin 7
7 white Jumper cable from pin 6 to pin 7
9 brown Cable from sensor
10 yellow Cable from sensor
11 green Cable from sensor
12 white Cable from sensor
When replacing the sensor, replace the copper washer. A new

washer is included with the new sensor.

3.2.4 Water level indicator
To replace the entire water level indicator a nut for water

level indicator
1 Remove the water bath from the instrument.

2 Using a 22 mm spanner, undo the nut securing the water
level indicator to the water bath (a) and remove the old
water level indicator.
b
3 Fit the new water level indicator (b), with one fiber washer
on the inside and one on the outside of the hole in the
water bath.
To replace the glass tube of the water level indicator
1 Remove the water bath from the instrument.

2 Using a large flat-bladed screwdriver, unscrew the top of
the water level indicator and remove the old glass tube. a
3 Using a small hook, remove the old rubber rings from

inside the water level indicator (a).
4 Fit the new glass tube with a rubber ring on each end.
5 Replace the top of the water level indicator.
' Notes
The part number for the water level indicator is 18.01.22.

Fiber washers can be ordered in sets of four (part number
10.06.32).
Glass tubes and rubber rings can be ordered as a single set
(part number 10.06.33).
3.2.5 Heating elements

The water bath contains two heating elements—a horizontal
heating element and a vertical heating element. These are
available as a set complete with nuts and fiber washers for
both 100–120 and 220–240 Vac units.
Description Voltage Part number

Heating element set 220–240 Vac 10.06.40
Heating element set 100–120 Vac 10.06.90

To replace the heating elements
1 Remove the water bath from the instrument and turn it a

over.
2 Unscrew and remove the base plate from the water
bath (a).
3 Disconnect the blade connectors from the four heating
element terminals (b). b heating
element
terminals
4 Unbolt the old heating elements (c) and remove them
from the water bath.
5 Mount the new horizontal heating element with a fiber
washer on the inside of the water bath at each terminal.
Ensure the element is centered and parallel with the c
bottom of the water bath. Be careful not to twist the
element tube or damage the connectors by over-
tightening the nuts.
6 Mount the new vertical heating element with a fiber
washer on the inside of the water bath at each terminal.
Be careful not to twist the element tube or damage the
connectors by over-tightening the nuts.
7 Reconnect the blade connectors to the four heating
element terminals.
8 Replace the base plate.
' Notes
Incorrect positioning of the horizontal element may affect the

test results.
Always mount the horizontal element first.

3.3 Main body
3.3.1 Dismantling and reassembling main body
To dismantle the main body of the FN instrument a
1 Disconnect the mains cable.

2 Remove the water bath lid and water bath (a).
3 Undo the four screws that secure the visor and remove
the visor (b). b
4 Undo the screw that secures the display unit (FN 1700)
or connector unit (FN 1900). Pull the connector straight
out to prevent it from being damaged and remove the unit
(c).
5 Undo the eight screws holding the main cover. Pull the c
cover forward until the cover tabs are released from the
front chassis and lift off the cover (d).
6 Disconnect the grounding cable between the main body
and the cover (e) before removing the cover entirely.
d
' Notes
To reassemble the main body of the FN instrument, reverse

the above procedure.
e

3.3.2 Stirrer rail guide wheels

The two guide wheel holders on the right side of the
instrument (as viewed from the front) are eccentric, allowing
adjustment of the play between the stirrer rail and the four
guide wheels.
To adjust the guide wheel holders a

1 Dismantle the main body of the instrument (see 3.3.1,
Nuts for
page 23). adjustable
guide wheel
2 Slightly loosen the nuts for the two adjustable guide holders
wheel holders (a).

3 Turn the holders until the play between the wheel and the
rail is eliminated, no more.
4 Tighten the nuts.
5 Move the stirrer rail up and down to check that the
adjustment is correct.

3.4 Cassette sensor

On older instruments, the cassette sensor is located inside the
box on the start arm. The purpose of this sensor is to
automatically start the test cycle when a cassette with one or
both stirrers is placed in the water bath.
Older FN 1700/FN 1900 models up to serial number 096177
employ a magnetic cassette sensor, which is triggered by the
magnets in the top of each stirrer. Newer models from serial
number 096178 employ an optical sensor.
3.4.1 Magnetic cassette sensor

The magnetic cassette sensor produces a DC signal that
increases with an increasing magnetic field. The signal level
can be measured between TP1 and TP22 or the chassis. The
threshold level, indicating that at least one stirrer is present, is
approximately 1.5 Vdc.
To check the magnetic cassette sensor
1 Remove both stirrers from the cassette and measure the

voltage between TP1 and TP22 (or the chassis). Check
that the voltage is within the range 0–300 mVdc.
2 Add one stirrer to the cassette. Check that the voltage
well exceeds 1.5 Vdc.
3 Add the second stirrer to the cassette. Check that the
voltage is approximately 5 Vdc.
To adjust the magnetic cassette sensor
1 Locate potentiometer R37 on the controller board.

2 For coarse adjustment, turn R37 so that the nearby
indicator LED H09 is off when no stirrers are present and
on when at least one stirrer is present.
3 For fine adjustment, with no stirrers present, turn R37
until the voltage between TP1 and TP22 (or the chassis)
is 150 mV.

' Notes
For optimum sensitivity, the magnetic cassette sensor

(marked IC1 on the circuit board) should lean slightly forward.
To decrease the sensitivity of the sensor, turn R37 clockwise.
To increase sensitivity, turn R37 anticlockwise.
TP1 is difficult to access. The voltage at TP1 can more easily
be measured from the solder side. On newer instruments, TP1
is marked on the solder side.
3.4.2 Optical cassette sensor

Newer versions of the FN 1700/FN 1900 employ an optical
cassette sensor.
To adjust the optical cassette sensor a
1 Use test function 10 (see page 8 for an FN 1700 or page

12 for an FN 1900) to move the start arm to the back
position.
2 Remove the stirrers, test tubes and cassette. b
3 Place a piece of white card on the front edge of the water
bath (a).
4 Using a Phillips-head screwdriver, adjust the optical
cassette sensor (b) so that the lamp on the sensor is off.
5 Place a cassette in the water bath (c). Check that the c
sensor lamp is on with a strong and steady light.
6 Place the white card in the middle of the holes in the lid
of the water bath (d). Check that the sensor lamp is on
with a strong and steady light.
d
7 Place the white card at the front edge of the holes in the
lid of the water bath (e). Check that the sensor lamp is
either blinking or is on with a strong and steady light.
8 Move the paper from the middle towards the front edge of
the holes in the lid of the water bath (d–e). The sensor
lamp should remain on with a strong and steady light (not e
blinking).
9 Repeat steps 3–8 until the sensor is properly adjusted.

3.5 Start arm system

The start arm uses a stepper motor for its back and forth
movement. The stop positions are set by the position of the
flag mounted on the start arm and can be adjusted by
changing the position of the flag.
The start arm includes:
• A sensor for detecting the stirrer cassette (older units
only—see 3.4, page 25).
• Sensors for detecting stirrers individually. These sensors
are used both to detect if the stirrer is present when the
test is started and to stop the counter when the stirrer
has reached the stop position.
• A red/green indication LED.
3.5.1 Replacing the start arm
To replace the start arm a

page 23).
2 Loosen the two nuts on the rear end of the start arm (a).
3 Remove the stopper screws holding the motor
b
console (b).
4 Remove the sensor flag (c).
5 Disconnect the start arm cables from the controller board.
6 Loosen the controller board to access the two right-side
screws holding the start arm and remove these two c
screws.
7 Unscrew the two left-side screws (d).
8 Remove the start arm by pulling it forwards (e).
9 Position the new start arm and insert the four mounting d
screws without tightening them.
10 Mount the motor (see following notes).
11 Reattach the sensor flag and reconnect the start arm
cables.
e
12 Tighten the start arm mounting screws
13 Fasten the controller board.

' Notes
When mounting the motor, the key end of the screws holding
the motor should be aligned with the outer surface of the
locking nuts for the screws.
The stopper screws need to act as an axle for the motor. If
these are screwed in too far, the arms will become splayed
and may jam in the slots on the front panel when the arm
moves forward.
3.5.2 Adjusting the start arm

When adjusting the start arm, you need to consider both the
left–right position as well as the forward and back stop
positions.
To adjust the start arm left–right position
1 Attach the water bath and water bath lid to the

a
instrument.
2 Place two stirrers and test tubes in a cassette and place
the cassette in the water bath.
3 Loosen the controller board (a) to access the two right-
side screws holding the start arm. b
4 Loosen the four screws holding the start arm and pull the
start arm into the forward position (b).
5 While holding the start arm in the forward position, tighten
the two rearmost screws holding the start arm (c).
c
6 Push back the start arm slightly to access the two forward
screws holding the start arm and tighten these screws.
7 Check that the start arm moves freely in the two
rectangular holes at the front.
8 Check that the stirrer collars are centered in the start arm
d
openings when pulling it into the forward position (d).
9 Check the movement of the start arm using test functions
9 and 10 (see page 8 for an FN 1700 or page 12 for an
FN 1900).
10 Re-secure the controller board.

To adjust the start arm forward and back stop positions
1 Attach the water bath and water bath lid to the

instrument.
12 for an FN 1900) to move the start arm to the forward
position.
4 Move the sensor flag on the start arm (a) so that there is a
approximately 1 mm clearance between the stirrer collar
and start arm.
5 If required, bend the sensor flag slightly upwards or
downwards to center the flag with respect to the photo
interrupters.
12 for an FN 1900) to move the start arm to the back
position.
7 Ensure there is a gap of 1–3 mm between the start arm
and the chassis.
' Note
The forward and back stop positions will affect each other and
must be adjusted simultaneously.

3.5.3 Start arm PC board
To replace the start arm PC board
1 Pull out the start arm to the forward position (a). a
2 Loosen the two screws on the back of the start arm

box (b).
3 Lift up the cover (c) and disconnect the LED.
4 Disconnect the flat cable connector and the stop stirrer b
sensors.
5 Remove the four screws securing the PC board and
remove the old board.
6 Position the new board and secure it using the four
screws. c
7 Reconnect the flat cable connector and the stop stirrer
sensors.
8 Reconnect the LED.
9 Tighten the two screws on the back of the start arm box.

3.5.4 Claw head position

The claw head can be adjusted both vertically and horizontally.
To adjust the vertical position of the claw head

2 Turn the stirrer motor arm until it points straight down-
wards, with the stirrers in the bottom dead end position. a
3 The tops of the stirrers should be vertically positioned in
the middle of the claws (a). If they are not, estimate the
amount of adjustment required.
4 Turn the stirrer motor arm until it points straight upwards
to access the adjustment screw on the crank arm. b
5 Loosen the adjustment screw (b) and adjust the height of

the claw head before retightening the adjustment screw.
wards and check the vertical position of the claw head. If
required, repeat steps 3–5.
' Note a
Older instruments use a different type of brass spring

compared to newer instruments (a) to hold back the claw. If
this spring should be become bent, the claw may not be held
back far enough to release the stirrers (b). In this case, bend
the claw spring so that the claws stay in the rearmost position b
after the stirring sequence is complete. The angle of the claw
in this position should be at least 20° (c).

To adjust the left–right position of the claw head

the cassette in the water bath. a
wards, with the stirrers in the bottom dead end position.
3 Loosen the two screws going through the claw head into
the top of the guide rail (a).
b
4 Adjust the left–right position of the claw head so that the
tops of the stirrers are horizontally positioned in the
middle of the claws (b).
5 Tighten the two screws securing the claw head to the top
of the guide rail.
' Note
Before adjusting the left–right position of the claw head, check

the stirrer mechanism for wear or play between the stirrer rail
and the guide wheels. See 3.3.2, page 24 for details.

3.6 Controller board

The controller board is the main control unit for the FN 1700 and FN 1900. For newer
instruments with an optical cassette sensor, the controller board part number is 17.31.76. For
older instruments, the controller board part number is 17.31.71.
3.6.1 Main components

The main functions and circuits on the controller board are as follows:
• 8-bit CMOS microcontroller (IC08). This circuit also holds the internal program in a built-in
PROM.
• 8 k serial EEPROM for adjustable settings. For details on making changes to the
EEPROM, see 5.2.5, page 53.
• CAN interface (IC20), used for communicating with the display (FN 1700) or the external
control box (FN 1900).
• Reset generator (IC06).
• RS-232–TTL signal level converter (IC05), used for external communication to a PC or
optional printer.
• Latch circuits for input/output signals to and from the microprocessor (IC10, IC17, IC18
and IC19)
• Adjustable signal amplifier for the stirrer cassette sensor (IC11A).
• Non-adjustable preamplifier for the water bath temperature sensor (IC11B).
• Logic and drivers for the stepper type stirrer motor (IC12, IC13 and IC14).
• Logic and drivers for the stepper type start arm motor (IC15 and IC16).
• Power supply for 8 Vdc stabilized (IC01) and 2 × 5 Vdc stabilized (IC02 and IC04).
3.6.2 Jumpers
There are two jumpers on the board:
• J07 should always be left open. This is only used for program development when running
from external memory.
• J20 should have a jumper. Removing the jumper allows the buzzer to be switched off
temporarily.

3.6.3 Test points

The reference point for all measurements is TP22, which should be at the same potential as
the chassis.
TP Description
TP1 Cassette sensor signal. On newer instruments with an optical cassette sensor, this
voltage should be steady. On older instruments with a magnetic cassette sensor,
the voltage should be 0–300 mVdc with no stirrer present. The signal may fluctuate
within the allowed range because of variations in the ambient magnetic field. This
is the processed analog signal from the magnetic field sensor mounted on the start
arm board. The offset voltage is set using potentiometer R37. This offset defines
the toggle level for the sensor system. See 3.4, page 25 for details on adjusting the
toggle level. This signal is monitored by LED H09 on the controller board.
TP2 Water bath temperature sensor signal. The signal is linearly proportional to the
water temperature and should be approximately 1 Vdc at 25°C and 4 Vdc at 100°C.
There are no adjustments for this signal. The temperature is instead recalculated
from this input voltage using constants in cells 16, 18, 20 and 22 in the EEPROM
(see 3.8, page 38).
TP3–4 Digital signals for switching the horizontal (TP3) and vertical (TP4) heating
elements on and off. These should be 0 V when off and 7–8 Vdc when on.
TP5–10 A 4-bit binary stepper motor code signal to rotate the stirrer motor on TP5, TP6,
TP8 and TP9. The motor current is switched on when the signal on TP7 and TP10
is high.
TP11 Motor current setting signal for stirrer motor.
TP12–13 Current sense feedback for internal switching regulator in stepper motor drivers for
limiting the current to the motor.
TP14–19 Start arm stepper motor signals. Similar function as for TP5–10.
TP20–21 Start arm stepper motor signals. Similar function as for TP12–13.
TP22 Ground connection. The ground is connected to the chassis. The chassis can
therefore normally be used as a reference for signal measurements. If using the
chassis, connect as close as possible to one of the four screws holding the
controller board.
TP23 Buzzer signal. Should be 0 V when the buzzer is off and 4–5 Vdc when the buzzer
is on.
TP24 +8 Vdc stabilized voltage. Tolerance ±5%.
TP25 +5Vdc stabilized voltage for most circuits on the controller board. Tolerance ±5%.
TP26 +5Vdc stabilized voltage for some peripheral circuits such as the display (FN 1700),
the control box (FN 1900) and circuits in the water bath. Tolerance ±5%.
TP27 Claw solenoid on/off signal. Should be 0 V when the solenoid is not activated and
8 Vdc when it is activated.
TP28 Water temperature regulation signal. Only used in the FN 1900. The water
temperature can be pulse-regulated with a variable duty cycle. The pulses are sent
to a solid state relay that directly controls the horizontal heating element.

3.6.4 Replacing the controller board
To replace the controller board
1 Before removing the old board, save all values from the
EEPROM (see 5.2.5, page 53).
page 23).
a
3 Remove the four screws holding the controller board (a).
4 Disconnect the cables and remove the old board.
5 Insert the new board and connect the cables.
6 Secure the new board using the four screws.
7 Check that the start arm flag moves freely within the
photo interrupters H12 and H13 for the start arm end
positions.
8 Adjust the start arm end positions (see 3.5.2, page 28).
9 Enter the EEPROM values from the old board into the
EEPROM cells on the new board (see following note for
exceptions).
10 Recalibrate the temperature sensor (see 3.8, page 38).
11 Adjust the sensitivity of the cassette sensor (see 3.4,
page 25).

' Notes
When entering values into the EEPROM on the new controller

board, the following cells may require different values to those
from the old controlled board:
• 00 and 02—Delivery date. Perten Instruments can supply
this information.
• 08 and 10—The serial number of the instrument.
• 16, 18, 20 and 22—The temperature calibration
constants. These must be defined by following the
calibration procedure (see 3.8, page 38).
• 24—Value for defining the top dead end. Use test
function 16 to define this value. The correct value will be
stored automatically after running test function 16 twice
consecutively.
• 38 and 40—Check if the altitude correction function is
used. On the FN 1700, this can be changed using the
rear test button. See the FN 1700 Installation and
Operation Manual for details.
• 48, 50 and 52—Check if the optional external printer is
used. On the FN 1700, this can be changed using the
rear test button. See the FN 1700 Installation and
If EEPROM values from the old controller board are not

available or if you are unable to carry out a temperature
calibration, use the default values (see 5.2.5, page 53).
Connectors J03 and J17 use the same type of connector.
When connecting the cables to the new board, ensure they
are not accidentally interchanged.

3.7 FN 1900 control box
3.7.1 Integrated circuits

IC01 (marked M103) contains the main program for the control box.
IC02 (marked S163) is a printout module, which controls the output for the display and the
printer.
3.7.2 Jumpers
J07 and J10 are used only for development purposes and should always be left open.
J08 is for a jumper that connects the battery for the real time clock to the clock circuit.
J02 needs to be unlocked by lifting the collar before pulling out the foil cable.
3.7.3 RS-232 port

The RS-232 port is used for two purposes:
• For connecting a barcode reader or other device for entering a sample ID. The input
string should be in ASCII format and not longer than 24 characters. The baud rate can be
set using code 4 (see the installation and operation manual for details).
• For downloading a language file from an external computer. The new language file will be
stored in an EEPROM on the control box board (see 5.3, page 57).
3.7.4 Test points

The test points on the control box are as follows:
• TP1—MR (Manual reset). The control box can be reset manually by connecting TP1 to
TP3.
• TP2—+5 Vdc.
• TP3—0 V.
• TP4—Reset signal generated by the reset generator IC05.
• TP5—Display contrast voltage. This can be set by adjusting the contrast potentiometer
R01. Start with R01 in the fully clockwise position and turn it anticlockwise until a suitable
contrast level is set.
3.7.5 Miscellaneous
The WAND connection currently has no function.
The communication between the stirrer unit and the control box uses a CAN (controller-area
network) protocol.

3.8 Temperature calibration

To maintain accurate temperature measurements, the temperature sensor should be
periodically recalibrated. The temperature sensor must also be recalibrated whenever the
level/temperature sensor or controller board is exchanged.
To calibrate the temperature sensor of an FN 1900
1 Fill the water bath with water at room temperature.

2 Switch on the instrument.
5 Enter the password code 93 and press ENTER.
6 The display will show LO TEMP and the heating T. 23.8 AD 227
LO TEMP 23.2`C>
elements will be switched off to allow calibration of the
low temperature point. The display will also show the
temperature in degrees Celsius calculated from the
existing temperature constants (e.g. 23.8) followed by the
value from the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
(e.g. 227).
7 Measure the water temperature using a precision
T. 23.8 AD 227
thermometer. Once the measured temperature value is LO TEMP 23.7`C>
stable, type the value using the keypad and press
ENTER.
8 The display will show HI TEMP and the heating

elements will be switched on to allow calibration of the T. 23.7 AD 227
HI TEMP 23.7`C>
boiling temperature point.
9 Wait until the water has been boiling for about five T. 99.8 AD 951
minutes and the ADC value has stabilized. HI TEMP 99.8`C>
10 Measure the water temperature using the thermometer,
type the value using the keypad then press and hold T. 99.8 AD 951
CODE for three seconds. HI TEMP 99.6`C>
11 Press ENTER to exit the temperature calibration function.

12 Check the 90°C fungal temperature.

To calibrate the temperature sensor of an FN 1700

a
1 Fill the water bath with water at room temperature.
2 While holding down the test button on the rear panel,
switch on the instrument using the main switch (a).
3 Ensure the visor is in the upper position and press the
test button (b) to select test function 2. This will disable b
the heating elements to enable the low temperature point
to be set.
4 Run InstTest (see 5.1, page 46) and click Calibrating.
5 Measure the water temperature using a precision
thermometer. In the InstTest window, enter the
measured value in the field labeled Set low temp.
6 Click Cal. L. The current ADC value will be shown.
7 Switch off the instrument to exit test mode and
immediately switch it on again. The water will begin to
heat up.
8 Wait until the water has been boiling for about five
minutes and the temperature has stabilized. Measure the
water temperature using the thermometer and enter the
measured value in the field labeled Set high temp.
9 Click Cal. H. The current ADC value will be shown.
' Notes
Measure the actual boiling point temperature. Do not assume

it is 100°C, as the boiling point of water can vary with air
pressure and water purity.
On an FN 1900, you can check the stored values using the
◄ and ► keys.
If the calibration constants are far from their correct values,
the instrument may calculate a boiling temperature
prematurely so that the high temperature point cannot be set.
To solve this problem, use one of the following two solutions:
1 Using the above calibration procedure, completely
disconnect the water bath and set the low temperature
point to 0°C. Fill the water bath with room temperature
water and set the high temperature point to 25°C. Carry
out the normal temperature calibration procedure as
described above.
2 Use InstTest (see 5.1, page 46) to change cells 16, 18,
20 and 22 to their default values. Carry out the normal
temperature calibration procedure as described above.

3.9 Modifications and upgrades

The following modifications and upgrades have been introduced to the FN 1700/FN 1900 line.
3.9.1 Grounding cable added

On early models, static charge of the stirrer mechanism was a potential problem. Extra
grounding cables were therefore added to later models.
3.9.2 Cassette sensor

Older FN 1700/FN 1900 models up to serial number 096177 employ a magnetic cassette
sensor, which is triggered by the magnets in the top of each stirrer. On more recent versions
of these older models, the magnetic sensor is bent slightly forwards to optimize sensitivity (see
3.4.1, page 25). Newer models from serial number 096178 employ an optical sensor (see
3.4.2, page 26).
3.9.3 Top claw

Older models employ a brass spring on the top claw (see 3.5.4, page 31), while newer models
employ a steel spring. On some of the older models, the top claw solenoid used a 100% duty
cycle.
3.9.4 Other minor changes

• The bottom of the water bath has been redesigned.
• To improve water resistance, the connections in the water bath are now sprayed with
contact spray.
• The visor system has been modified to move the lower end position upwards.
• On the FN 1900 control box board, V08 and R19 were added on the solder side until a
new batch of re-designed boards was produced.
• The controller board was changed to include more transorbers as well as an added 140 Ω
resistor for the connection to the FN 1700 display or FN 1900 control box.
• The start arm cover is now angled so that the stirrer does not touch when falling.
• The arms to the start arm are redesigned so that if the start arm is in the back position the
motor arm does not hit the arms (this is only an issue when in service mode).
• The flag on the stirring assembly for the top sensor board is now adjustable.
• The design of the water bath cover was changed and it is now made of surface-treated
aluminum.
• The type of test button used has changed (but not its function).
• The positions of two of the chassis-to-frame bolts have been moved.

Part 4—Error messages and

troubleshooting

4.1 Error messages

Error message
FN 1700 FN 1900 Indication Possible causes
Lid COVER NOT CLOSED The cassette sensor • Visor not lowered within four
Lid is activated and the seconds. This is an operational error
WITHIN 4 SEC
visor sensor is not and does not indicate a problem
activated within four with the instrument.
seconds. • Magnetic cassette sensor setting is
too sensitive, causing it to be
triggered by magnetic fields other
than from the stirrers. See 3.4.1,
page 25 for details on adjusting the
sensitivity.
• Faulty visor sensor.
• Optical sensor accidently triggered.
Err ADD WATER SWITCH Water level sensor • Low water level (normal operation).
LE has detected a low • Faulty water level sensor.
ON/OFF
water level.
• Faulty connection between water
bath and main unit.
• Faulty controller board.
Err WATER BATH HOT Water temperature is • Check the ADC value and the
°C calculated to be calculated temperature using test
>108°C. function 22.
• Faulty temperature sensor.
• Faulty connection between water
bath and main body.
• Lost temperature constants in
internal memory.
• Fault in controller board.
Err CHECK WATER BATH The water bath has a • Faulty connection between water
Con jumper between two bath and main body.
pins that is used for • Faulty controller board.
sensing that the
water bath is
connected. If the
water bath is
disconnected this will
change one of the
logic inputs to the
Controller board.
– FN5S_ The slave processor • Fault in main processor.
(which is responsible • Fault in one of the peripheral
for displaying components of the main processor.
information sent from
the main processor)
in the control box is
not receiving any
initialization data
from the main
processor.

' Notes
If the level/temperature sensor or controller board is exchanged, the temperature sensor must
be recalibrated (see 3.8, page 38).
If the controller board is exchanged, check if the grounding system for preventing static
discharge needs to be updated. Older instruments may require additional grounding (see 3.9,
page 40).

4.2 Troubleshooting
Symptom Description
Blinking display This indicates a low water level was detected during the test. Possible
(FN 1700) causes include:
• faulty level sensor
• faulty connection between the water bath and main unit, and
• fault in the controller board
Only one display This indicates that only one of the stirrers was detected when starting the
shows falling test. Possible causes include:
number value • using only one stirrer for the test (normal operation)
(FN 1700)
• faulty reed switch or reed switch requires adjustment
• flour not mixed in bottom of viscometer tube, causing the stirrer to sit
too high and preventing the reed switch from detecting the magnet.
• fault in the cable between the start arm sensor board and the controller
board, and
• fault in the controller board.
Stirrer not This problem can be caused by the claws that hold the stirrers not being
released during fully held backwards by the spring at the top claw solenoid. This is a
test particular problem with older instruments employing a brass spring. See
3.5.4, page 31.
Some instruments employ a top claw solenoid with a 100% duty cycle.
These solenoids are not as strong as those normally used and may cause
problems with releasing the claws after stirring.
The problem can also be caused by the claws being mechanically tight and
not moving freely to the back position.
Sudden stop Internal static discharge is a potential problem that may cause the
during test instrument to stop randomly or even damage circuits on the controller
board. This problem was detected and the design changed to include an
additional grounding system to reduce the risk of static discharge. Older
instruments that are not equipped with the separate grounding system
should be updated to eliminate the risk of this problem. See 3.9, page 40.
Problems with This problem may be caused by the top sensor board being accidentally
sensors for stirrer mounted on the upper side of the console. To rectify this problem it should
top dead end and be removed and mounted on the underside of the console. After moving
for visor the boards, check that the indicator flags do not hit the sensors.
The problem can also be cause by a bad connection in one of the photo
interrupters. In this case, replace the top sensor board.
Start arm locks If there is an attempt to run a test with a cassette in place but no stirrers or
cassette in place test tubes, the start arm will move out and lock the cassette in place. To
when no tubes or remove the cassette, switch off the instrument.
stirrers in place
' Note
If the level/temperature sensor or controller board is exchanged, the temperature sensor must
be recalibrated (see 3.8, page 38).
If the top sensor board is moved, the stirrer top dead end must be recalibrated (see 3.5.2,
page 28).

Part 5—Appendices
Part 5—Appendices 45
5.1 RS-232 communication
5.1.1 Introduction
The FN1700 has a single RS-232 serial port located on the
stirrer unit. The FN1900 has two RS-232 serial ports, one on
the stirrer unit and one on the control box.
The port located on the stirrer unit (Port 1) is used for reading
from and writing to the EEPROM on the controller board. The
port can also be used to connect an optional printer. The port
located on the control box of the FN1900 (Port 2) can be used
either for entering a sample ID, from a device such as a
barcode reader or keyboard, or for installing language files
using Perten Language Editor (see 5.3, page 57).
5.1.2 Wiring configurations

To connect to a PC using Port 1 (FN1700/FN1900) or Port 2
(FN1900 only), use a male-to-female 9-pin RS-232 serial
cable with the following wiring configuration.
FN1700/FN1900 Computer
Signal Pin Pin
Tx 2 2
Rx 3 3
5 (9 pin)
Gnd 5
7 (25 pin)
To connect to a serial printer using Port 1, use a male-to-male

9-pin RS-232 serial cable with the following wiring
configuration.
FN1700/F1900 Printer
Signal Pin Pin
Tx 2 2
Rx 3 3
5 (9 pin)
Gnd 5
7 (25 pin)
46 Part 5—Appendices
5.1.3 Communication settings

The communications settings required to communicate via the
RS-232 serial ports are as follows:
Parameter Settings
Bit rate 9600
Data length 8
Parity none
Stop bits 1
ETX/ACK off
5.1.4 Data output options

Falling Number units offer several format options for data
output. Units produced after December 2002 (from serial
number 025315 onwards) have three data output options as
follows:
option description
0 serial two-way communication
1 FN1700 standard printout
2 extended printout
Older units allow only two output options (0 and 1 above).

The data output option can be selected by changing cell 48 in
the EEPROM using InstTest (see 5.2, page 51) or manually
using the following procedure.
To select the data output option manually
1 Connect the Falling Number unit to a PC and open a

terminal communication program such as HyperTerminal.
2 Send the following command: SE0?48,61. You should
receive the reply SE0=48,X where X is the current output
option (0, 1 or 2).
3 Send one of the following commands to set the new data
output option:
option command
0 SE0,48,0,18
1 SE0,48,1,17
2 SE0,48,2,16
4 Send the command SE0?48,61 again to check the output
option has been correctly set.
5.1.5 Two-way communication using Port 2

On an FN1900, if data output option 0 has been set (see 5.1.4
above), Port 2 can be used to set IDs and/or to record and
register analysis results. Following are some of the main
commands that can be used.
Command Reply
Description (from PC) (from stirrer unit) Notes
Instrument SP7?E7<LF> ok<CR><LF> 1,2
status SP7=X
Error status SP6?E8<LF> ok<CR><LF> 1,3
SP6=Y
Get analysis PRC,EF<LF> printout of 1,3
results analysis result
Send left ID IDL,"Z",CS<LF> ok<CR><LF> 1,4,5
Send right ID IDR,"Z",CS<LF> ok<CR><LF> 1,4,5
' Notes
1 <LF> = Ascii code 10 (line feed). <CR> = Ascii code 13

(carriage return).
2 X is an eight-digit binary number (x7x6x5x4x3x2x1x0), the
last three digits of which show the instrument status.
digit status (1)

x0 ready
x1 running
x2 error
x3–x7 undefined
3 Y is an eight-digit binary number (y7y6y5y4y3y2y1y0), the

digits of which encode the error status.
digit status (1)

y0 bath not connected
y1 water level low
y2 water level too low
y3, y6, y7 undefined
y4 LED blink green
y5 LED blink red
4 CS is a two digit hexadecimal number such that the sum

of the characters between the first comma and the S
(inclusive of these end points) is evenly divisible by 256.
5 The ID (Z) is limited to a maximum of three characters for
an FN1700 and 24 characters for an FN1900.
5.1.6 Process schematic
PC operator selects a
sample for analysis
yes
status = 0 send ID
no
show operator that unit yes

status = 1
not ready or error code
no
yes
status = 2
no
no
status = 0
yes
get analysis result
5.1.7 Printer output

At the completion of a test, a Falling Number instrument can be set to send a string of
characters to a printer. The output depends on the instrument settings such as:
• active (default = ON)
• language (default = English), and
• altitude (default = OFF).
Following are example printouts (in English) both without and with altitude correction. All
characters are noted by their hexadecimal codes.
Character string—no altitude correction Printout

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1B 44 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 1B 54 0A
4C 45 46 54 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 4E 20 v1 v1 v1 0A
52 49 47 48 54 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 4E 20 v2 v2 v2 0A
0A 0A 0A 0A 0A
Character string—with altitude correction Printout

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1B 44 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 1B 54 0A
41 6C 74 69 74 75 64 65 20 20 v4 v4 v4 v4 6D v3 v3 v3 v3 v3 v3 v3 v3 0A
43 6F 72 72 65 63 74 65 64 20 4C 45 46 54 20 20 20 46 4E 20 v1 v1 v1 0A
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 49 47 48 54 20 20 46 4E 20 v2 v2 v2 0A
0A 0A 0A 0A 0A
You can capture the results as supplied, allowing you to operate in parallel with a printer by
only connecting the PC RxD pin.
5.2 InstTest
The InstTest communication program can be used to check
and change the contents of the memory on both the FN 1700
and FN 1900.
5.2.1 Installation
To install InstTest
1 Create a new folder on your computer, such as

C:\FN1700TEST\.
2 Copy the files InstTest_V10.exe and InstTest.ini into the
newly created folder.
3 If required, right-click the file InstTest_V10.exe and select
Send To, Desktop (create shortcut) to create a shortcut
on your PC desktop.
' Notes
The program consists only of the two files InstTest_V10.exe

and InstTest.ini. Both files must be placed in the same
directory before starting the program. A third file, Comms.txt,
will be created when using the program. This is a log file
showing data sent to and from the instrument.
5.2.2 Program overview

The program is divided into four sections. These can be
selected from the main menu window:
1 Date, Serial no, Type no—Used mainly by production at
final testing of the instrument before shipping.
2 Calibrating—Used for calibrating the water bath
temperature sensor.
3 Eeprom—Used for checking and editing all cells in the
EEPROM.
4 Terminal—Used to access the terminal program. This is
a development tool only. All available memory areas can
be accessed from the Eeprom window.
Serial port COM1 is used by default but can be changed. See
5.2.6, page 56 for details.
5.2.3 Date, Serial no, Type no

The following information is included under the Date, Serial
no, Type no section.
Manufactured Date for final testing of the instrument before

shipping. Entered during production.
Latest service Can be used by a local service agent to
register a service date. This information can
only be accessed via the RS-232 connection
and is not used by the instrument.
Serial number Entered during final testing of the instrument.
Type Should be 1700 or 1900. Entered during final
testing of the instrument.
To download the EEPROM data to the computer, click Read.

To upload changes to the instrument, click Write. To save the
data as a file on the computer, click Save.
5.2.4 Calibrating
All instruments have individually calibrated water bath
temperature sensors. This section of the program is used to
calibrate these sensors. See 3.8, page 38 for detailed
calibration procedures.
5.2.5 Eeprom
To view the contents of the EEPROM, click Read. All
information in the EEPROM memory will be displayed along
with all information that can be read and changed from the
Date, Serial no, Type no and Calibrating windows.
The cells are organized in pairs. Each cell is two bytes and
each cell pair four bytes.
To change the content of a box, enter the new value in the
Amend field and click Write.
Unused controller boards will show default values according to
the following table.
Contents Cell Default Description/Comments

Delivery year 00 2000 Defined by Perten Instruments during production.
Delivery month, day 02 0101
Latest service year 04 2000 Set to same as cells 00/02 at production. Can be
Latest service month, 06 0065 used by local service agents to register service
day date. Used only as a service record and not used
internally.
Serial number MS 08 0099 First four digits of the serial number.
Serial number LS 10 0101 Last four digits of the serial number.
Instrument type 12 1700 Always 1700 or 1900.
Vacant 14 0102 Not used.
Low ADC value 16 0234 Calibration values used to calculate temperatures
Low temperature value 18 0245 from ADC output values. See 3.8, page 38.
High ADC value 20 0234 Temperature values are expressed in tenths of a
degree Celsius (e.g. 0245 = 24.5°C).
High temperature value 22 1002
To maintain accuracy, temperature calibration
values should not be transferred when replacing
the controller board but should be reset using the
Calibrating window.
The default values are theoretically calculated
values and may be used until a calibration can be
performed. The following values have been
calculated by averaging actual instrument
temperature calibration constants and are likely to
give more accurate results than the default values:
low ADC 0227
low temperature 0238
high ADC 0951
high temperature 1000
Half top sensor 24 0022 Number of stepper motor pulses from triggering of
the top sensor until the top dead end position is
reached. The value for each instrument can vary.
The existing value can be transferred when
replacing the controller board.
Analysis time 26 0060 Defines the total time in seconds from analysis
start until stirring sequence ends. Must always be
60.
WB set point 28 1000 Water bath operating temperature in tenths of a
degree with no altitude correction. Must always be
set to 1000 (= 100°C).
WB stab counter 30 0300 Delay time in seconds from when the starting
temperature for the WB stab counter (Cell 36) is
reached until the instrument allows a test to
commence. The value is shown on the display
during the heating phase.
WB level counter 32 1200 Delay time in seconds from triggering of the water
bath low-level sensor until the instrument shuts off
the heating elements. This should always be set to
1200.
Step for SS12 34 0140 Number of stirrer motor steps between top dead
end and stirrer sensor trigger position. This setting
is used by test function 18 (see page 9 or 13).
Contents Cell Default Description/Comments

Start temp for stab cnt 36 0950 Temperature limit in tenths of a degree for starting
the WB stab counter when no altitude correction
is activated. Should always be set to 950 (= 95°C).
Altitude 38 0000 Altitude correction setting. The default value 0000
means altitude correction is inactivated. On the FN
1700 this value can also be changed using the rear
test button. See the FN 1700 Installation and
F/M 40 0000 Flour/meal selector for altitude correction. When
altitude correction is activated, the instrument must
be set to calculate the corrections based on either
flour or meal samples.
0000 = flour samples
0001 = meal samples
Start for cnt with alt. 42 0890 Same function as Start temp for stab cnt but only
corr. used when altitude correction is activated. The
value in Cell 36 is then ignored. The default value
is 890 (= 89°C).
Test counter 44 0000 Counter that increments by 1 after each test. Can
be reset by entering zeros.
Hook timer 46 1200 Pulse length in milliseconds for the top claw when
releasing stirrers after the stirring sequence is
completed. Should always be set to 1200.
Print on1 off0 48 0001 Defines whether data should be sent to the
external printer after each test.
0000 = disabled
0001 = enabled—standard printout
0002 = enabled—extended printout
ddmmyy0 mmddyy1 50 0001 Date format for the external printer.
0000 = DDMMYY
0001 = MMDDYY
Language 52 0000 Sets the language for the external printer. On the
FN 1700, this can also be set using the rear test
button.
0 = English 5 = French 10 = Finnish
1 = Swedish 6 = Italian 11 = Polish
2 = Czech 7 = Norwegian 12 = Russian
3 = Spanish 8 = Portuguese 13 = Danish
4 = Turkish 9 = German 14 = Slovenian
Not used 54–99 0001 Not used.
5.2.6 Selecting COM port

The default port used to communicate with the FN
1700/FN1900 is COM1.
To change the communications port
1 Locate the file InstTest.ini and open it using a text editing

program such as Notepad.
2 Locate the line Comms port = 1 and change this to
Comms port = X, where X is the number of the
communications port you wish to use. All other settings
should be left unchanged.
3 Save and close the InstTest.ini file.
5.2.7 Troubleshooting
Error message: Debug Assertion Failed!.
Likely cause: The file attribute for the file Comms.txt is set to
read only.
Solution:
1 Close InstTest and open Windows Explorer.
2 Locate the file Comms.txt. The file will be in the same
folder where InstTest has been installed.
3 Right-click the file and select Properties.
4 Clear the check box labeled Read-only and click OK.
5 Restart InstTest.
Error message: The program has performed an illegal

operation and will be shut down.
Likely cause: The serial port set in the InstTest.ini file is
already in use by another program.
Solution: Close the other open application or edit the
InstTest.ini file to select a free serial port (see 5.2.6 above).
5.3 Perten Language Editor

Perten Language Editor (PLE) is a utility program for
installing language files on an FN1900.
To install PLE
1 Copy all PLE files into one folder.

2 Run the file setup.exe to start the Perten Language
Editor Setup program.
3 Select the folder in which you wish to install PLE (e.g.
C:\Program Files\Perten Language Editor\) and click the
installation button.
To install language files on an FN1900
1 Start PLE by selecting it from the Windows Start menu.

2 Make sure that the language files (extension .tpl) you
want to use are in the same folder as PLE.
3 Click Load, select the first file you wish to load and click
Open.
4 Select Settings from the menu bar.
5 Select the required communications port. The Transfer
Line Delay should normally be left at 100 ms. The
Reference Language File setting is only used for
creating new language files and should also be left
unchanged.
6 Click Close to close the Settings window.
7 Ensure the FN1900 and PC are connected using an
RS-232 serial cable.
8 On the FN1900, press CODE followed by 0 and ENTER.
9 Press and hold CODE for three seconds to begin the
LOAD LANGUAGE
language data transfer mode. The FN1900 display will
show LOAD LANGUAGE, indicating it is ready to receive
language files from the computer.
10 Click Load All to open the Program Instrument window.
11 Click Start to start the data transfer.
12 Once the transfer is complete, press ENTER on the
FN1900 to exit language data transfer mode and click
Close to close the Program Instrument window.
13 Verify that the language file transfer was successful by
selecting the transferred language in the FN1900.
' Note
Language positions 1–4 in the FN1900 cannot be changed.

After transferring language files to the FN1900, file 1 will
therefore appear as language option 5, file 2 as language
option 6 etc.
5.4 Obtaining accurate test results

Problems in obtaining accurate and repeatable Falling Number results are often caused by
problems with the test methodology rather than by any problem with the instrument.
To obtain accurate and repeatable test result, the following points should be observed.
Sample particle size If testing flour, ensure that a representative sample is taken. Use
a sample divider. If testing grain, grind at least 300 g and ensure
that the laboratory mill used produces a sample with a correct
particle size distribution. Suitable mills include Perten Instruments
LM 3100 and LM 120 laboratory mills. ICC 107/1 describes the
correct particle size distribution to use for Falling Number
analysis.
Sample weight Check that the balance used for weighing samples is accurate
using known standard weights.
Moisture correction When preparing a sample, correct for moisture content (see the
installation and operation manual for details). This ensures that
the relative proportions of starch and water in each test sample
are consistent. ICC 107/1 requires correction to a 14% moisture
basis. AACC methodology uses either a weight adjustment or a
recalculation to a fixed (14%) moisture content. Check that
comparisons are being made using the same moisture correction
methods.
Water volume The volume of water should be 25.0 ± 0.2 mL. Check that the
pipette used is accurate by weighing the volume of water. The
weight of 25.0 mL of water is 24.96 g at 20°C or 24.93 g at 24°C.
Water quality Use distilled water or water of equivalent purity. The pH of the
water will affect the measurement. If water quality is suspect,
compare by using water from other source. (Pharmacies often
supply distilled water, which could be used for comparison.)
Dispenser water The temperature of the dispensed water should be 22 ± 2°C.
temperature Large variations in water temperature can adversely affect
accuracy. The viscometer tubes should not be hot (e.g. after
being dried in an oven) as this will affect results.
Water bath On the FN 1700 and FN 1900, ensure that the water bath is
pressed firmly towards the tower until it clicks and comes to the
rear stop.
5.5 Contact information

Perten Instruments has representatives in most regions of the
world to provide you with local support. Support information is
also available from our web site.
Perten Instrument AB
PO Box 5101
SE-141 05 Kungens Kurva
SWEDEN
Tel +46 8 880 990
Fax +46 8 881 210
E-mail info@perten.com
Web www.perten.com

Service Manual FN 1700 1900 Ver6

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Service Manual FN 1700 1900 Ver6

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Falling Number

Falling Number is a registered trade mark of Perten

This service manual describes the Falling Number 1700 (FN

Recommendations and suggestions regarding the product and

Part 2— Test functions __________________________________________ 7

Part 3— Replacements & adjustments _____________________________ 17

3.7 FN 1900 control box ______________________________________________37

Part 4— Error messages and troubleshooting _______________________ 41

Part 5— Appendices ___________________________________________ 45

Part 1—Getting started

Part 1—Getting started 1

1.1 Safety instructions

0 Off (power) switch

2 Part 1—Getting started

1.2.1 Recommended tools

1.2.2 Spare parts

1.2.4 Differences between FN 1700 and FN 1900

Part 1—Getting started 3

1.2.5 Changing the operating voltage

To change the operating voltage

1 Exchange both heating elements (see 3.2.5, page 21).

1.2.6 RS-232 communication

4 Part 1—Getting started

1.2.7 Block diagram

FN1700 only FN 1900 only

top claw J06 left stop

start arm controller board red/green

Part 1—Getting started 5

6 Part 1—Getting started

Part 2—Test functions

Part 2—Test functions 7

2.1 FN 1700 test functions

To enter and exit test mode a

1 Ensure the instrument is switched off.

4 Press the test button to step between the different test

8 Part 2—Test functions

Part 2—Test functions 9

10 Part 2—Test functions

2.2 FN 1900 test functions

To enter and exit test mode

1 On the instrument keypad, press CODE.

2 Press 9 or use the arrow keys to select SERVICE and SERVICE 9

Part 2—Test functions 11

2.2.1 Test function set 1 (Code 91)

No. Function Display

2.2.2 Test function set 2 (Code 92)

No. Function Display

12 Part 2—Test functions

No. Function Display

Part 2—Test functions 13

No. Function Display

14 Part 2—Test functions

2.2.3 Temperature calibration function (Code 93)

2.2.4 Service interval counter (Code 94)

• ANALYS. SINCE SE—number of analyses (tests) since ANALYS. SINCE SE

To view and/or reset the service interval counter

1 On the instrument keypad, press CODE.

3 Enter the password code 94 and press ENTER.

The service interval counter is independent of the EEPROM

Part 2—Test functions 15

2.2.5 Current temperature (Code 95)

To view the current water temperature

1 On the instrument keypad, press CODE.