Number System and Representation :

1. Binary representations
2. Number System and Base Conversions
3. Floating Point Representation
Programs :
1. Program for Binary To Decimal Conversion
2. Program for Decimal to Binary Conversion
3. Program for decimal to octal conversion
4. Program for octal to decimal conversion
5. Program for hexadecimal to decimal
Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates :
1. Properties of Boolean algebra
2. Representation of Boolean Functions
3. Canonical and Standard Form
4. Functional Completeness
5. Logic Gates
Gate Level Minimization :
1. K-Map(Karnaugh Map)
2. Implicants in K-Map
3. 5 variable K-Map
4. Variable entrant map (VEM)
5. Minimization of Boolean Functions
6. Consensus theorem
Combinational Logic Circuits :
1. Half-Adder
2. Half-Subtractor
3. Half-Adder and Half-Subtractor using NAND NOR Gates
4. Full-Adder
5. Full Subtractor
6. Code Converters – BCD(8421) to/from Excess-3
7. Code Converters – Binary to/from Gray Code
8. Code Converters – BCD to 7 Segment Decoder
9. Parallel Adder & Parallel Subtractor
10. Carry Look-Ahead Adder
11. Magnitude Comparator
12. BCD Adder
13. Encoders and Decoders
14. Encoder
15. Binary Decoder
16. Combinational circuits using Decoder
17. Multiplexers
18. Static Hazards
Flip-Flops and Sequential Circuits :
1. Latches
2. One bit memory cell
3. Flip-Flops(Types and Conversions)
4. Master Slave JK Flip Flop
5. Introduction of Sequential Circuits
6. Synchronous Sequential Circuits
7. Asynchronous Sequential Circuits
 8. Difference between combinational and sequential circuit
9. RTL (Register Transfer Level) design vs Sequential logic design
10. Difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits
Register and Counters :
1. Counters
2. Design counter for given sequence
3. n-bit Johnson Counter
4. Amortized analysis for increment in counter
5. Ripple Counter
6. Digital Logic | Ring Counter
7. Shift Registers
8. Design 101 sequence detector
9. Universal Shift Register
10. RTL (Register Transfer Level) design vs Sequential logic design
11. Verilog Data Types
Memory and Programmable Logic :
1. Read-Only Memory (ROM) | Classification and Programming
2. Programmable Logic Array
3. Programming Array Logic
4. RAM vs ROM
5. Operational Amplifier (op-amp)
Data Communication :
1. Block Coding
2. Difference between Unipolar, Polar and Bipolar Line Coding
3. Difference between Broadband and Baseband Transmission
4. Transmission Impairment
5. What is Scrambling?
6. Analog to Analog Conversion (Modulation)
7. Analog to digital conversion
8. Digital to Analog Conversion
9. Difference Between Digital And Analog System

Unit I: Number System and Boolean Algebra

Review of number system; types and conversion, codes. Boolean algebra: De-Morgan’s theorem,
switching functions, Prime Implicants and Essential Prime Implicants definition and simplification using
K-maps upto 5 variables & Quine McCluskey method.

Unit II: Combinational Circuits

Introduction to Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR and their combinations.
Design of adder, subtractors, comparators, code converters, encoders, decoders, multiplexers and de-
multiplexers, Function realization using gates & multiplexers.

Unit III: Synchronous Sequential Ciruits

Introduction to Latches and Flip flops – SR, D, JK and T. Design of synchronous sequential circuits –
Counters, shift registers. Finite State Machine Design, Mealy, Moore Machines, Analysis of synchronous
sequential circuits;, state diagram; state reduction; state assignment with examples.

Unit IV: Asynchoronous Sequential Circuits

Analysis of asynchronous sequential machines, state assignment, asynchronous design problem.

Unit V: PLD, Memories and Logic Families

Memories: ROM,RAM, PROM, EPROM, Cache Memories, PLA, PLD, FPGA, digital logic families:
TTL, ECL, CMOS.

Data and number system: Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal representation and their conversion, BCD,
ASCII, EBDIC, Gray codes and their conversion, Signed binary numbers representation with 1’s and
2’s complement methods, Binary arithmetic.

Boolean algebra: Various logic gates and their truth tables and circuits, Representation in SOP and
POS forms, Minimization of logic expressions by algebraic method, K-map method.

Combinational circuits: Adder and sub tractor circuit, Circuit of Encoder, Decoder, Comparator,
Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer and parity Generator.

Memory systems: RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEROM

Sequential circuits: Basic memory elements, S-R, J-K, D, and T Flipflop, various types of Registers,
Counters & their design, Irregular counter, State table & State transition diagram, Sequential circuit
design methodology.

Different types of A/D and D/A conversion techniques.

Logic families: TTL, ECL, MOS & CMOS, their operation and specification.

UNIT I DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS 9

Number Systems – Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal, 1‘s and 2‘s complements, Codes –
Binary, BCD, Excess 3, Gray, Alphanumeric codes, Boolean theorems, Logic gates, Universal
gates, Sum of products and product of sums, Minterms and Maxterms, Karnaugh map
Minimization and Quine-McCluskey method of minimization.

UNIT II COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN 9

Design of Half and Full Adders, Half and Full Subtractors, Binary Parallel Adder – Carry look
ahead Adder,
BCD Adder, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Magnitude Comparator, Decoder, Encoder, Priority
Encoder.

UNIT III SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9

Flip flops – SR, JK, T, D, Master/Slave FF – operation and excitation tables, Triggering of FF,
Analysis and
design of clocked sequential circuits – Design – Moore/Mealy models, state minimization, state
assignment, circuit implementation – Design of Counters- Ripple Counters, Ring Counters, Shift
registers, Universal Shift Register.

UNIT IV ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9

Stable and Unstable states, output specifications, cycles and races, state reduction, race free
assignments, Hazards, Essential Hazards, Pulse mode sequential circuits, Design of Hazard free
circuits.

UNIT V MEMORY DEVICES AND DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 9

Basic memory structure – ROM -PROM – EPROM – EEPROM –EAPROM, RAM – Static and dynamic
RAM – Programmable Logic Devices – Programmable Logic Array (PLA) – Programmable Array
Logic (PAL) – Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) – Implementation of combinational logic
circuits using PLA, PAL.
Digital integrated circuits: Logic levels, propagation delay, power dissipation, fan-out and fan-in,
noise
margin, logic families and their characteristics-RTL, TTL, ECL, CMOS