To The Polnt Expooted Questlons For Associate Dogree Programme (Part ) 10

EXPECTED QUESTIONS (Associate Degree Part-II)

Modern English Essays
1 PAKISTAN AND THE MODRN WORLD
Q1(a) Write a note on the circumstances which led to the birth of Paklstan. Your note

should not exceed 200 words. -OR

To Liaquat Ali Khan demand for Pakistan was the most reasonable and entirely

practicable.
which he
Ans:"Pakistan and the Modern World" is an address of Liaquat Ali Khan,
delivered at the he told the Americans how and
in 1950. In his speech,
University of Kansas
is a new state. It came into
why Pakistan was created (r"). He tells them that Pakistan
hundred million uc)
existence (CRIU) in 1947. In the United India, there lived three
and the Hindus
(hHindus and one hundred million ( / ) Muslims. The Muslims
differedsharplyin their mode of living LJs)). These differences ( i B ) were
(UK
related to religious ( ) , economic and political matters. Long history and past

experience told them that they could not live together peacefully. (qus1)
Religious Differences: notespk.com
Liaquat Ali Khan tells the Americans that the two nations differed almost in every
field of life. The Muslims believed in and worshipped (2L/ey) one God but the
Hindus worshipped many gods. The Muslims believed in the Divine prophets (UD
but the Hindus did not. These differences prevailed (y) between the two peoples U)
(wkuri in almost every situation of their daily lives.
Social and Economic differences: 1otespk.com

Liaquat Ali Khan tells the Americans that the two nations also differed in their social
and economic affairs. The Hindus believed (22dk) in the caste system (l1)
whereas ( ) the Muslims believed in the equality of men (=hUuU). The Muslims
believed in the right of private ownership (VL di) for everyone, whereas the
Hindus believed in communism (i2 ). The Muslims had faith (WL) in the laws of
inheritance ( » u ) . They had economic institutions (bl i l ) which discouraged
( / e i s ) the accumulation of wealth (/CL¢IK»). The Hindus did not have such
laws. In this way, the Muslims differed sharply from the Hindus.
Demand for Pakistan:
Liaquat Ali Khan pointed out to the Americans that the Hindus were much larger in
number. After the departure of the British, the Muslims feared that their culture would
To The Polnt Expected Questlons For Assoclato Degreo Programme (Part - ) 11
suffer a great set back ( f z t ) , They also feared that their economic position would
grow worse (- A) under the domination ( ) of the Hindus. It would simply be
the change of measters.
It was for these reasons that the Muslims asked for
country of their
a own. The
demand was not unreasonable ( ) I t was also practicable. (UUG )
Q.1(b) How does
Liaquat Ali Khan define (t/ol) the role of Western World,
especially of America in the promotion of world peace?
Ans:
New born democracy: www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
In his speech to the
Americans, Liaquat Ali Khan reminds them of the great role which
America and the Western World have to
play in the development of Pakistan (U7UwDt
He tells them that Pakistan is a new
born democracy. It is a poor country. It expects the
strong and powerful countries of the West and especially America to share their great fund
of knowledge, skill A) and experience with Pakistan and other Asian countries.
Expectations of Liaquat Ali Khan: notespk.com
Liaquat Ali Khan has the following expectations from America and the Western
World. notespk.com
Firstly: He reminds (tu»»\) the Americans that they are very hardworking and
dedicated ( ) and energetic people. He tells them that the peace and prosperity (EP)
of Pakistan will contribute (
) a lot to the world peace. The people of Pakistan have to
learn much from them.
They must fight against ignorance (h), violence ( ) and
aggression ( ) . They must fight against the forces of evil and darkness. He asks them to
come forward and
play their role (/bub) in promoting peace and order in the world.
Secondaly: America has made progress in every field of life. The quality of life in
America is very high. But this is not so in Pakistan and other Asian countries. There is a
great difference in the standard of living of the Americans and that of the Pakistanis. This
disparity (UP) in their mode of living is very distressing (o»i). He hopes that America
must do
everything to remove his inequality. ( 4 ) notespk.com
Thridly: Liaquat Ali Khan tells the Americans that true democracy is international )
(GiUI in its character. It is very necessary for the maintenance (ul 2,) of
World Peace. The
Americans must make stable the roots of
democracy in Pakistan. A stable (¢S)
democratic Pakistan will ensure (ki*) peace in Asia.
notespk.com
Fourthly: America and the Western World are rich in
knowledge, experience ({)
and skill A). They must share their
knowledge and skill with the people of backward
countries. Pakistan is in great need of their
help in the field of industry, science and
technology.
o The Polnt Expected Questlons For Assoclato Dogree Programmo (Part- ) 12

Q.1(c) Describe the difficulties faced by the people at the time of independence.
Ans: The Muslims of the sub continent ( ) India had to face great hardships
when they migrated (UeA) to the new born state Pakistan. Pakistan was a new bom
democracy. It was a state without any economic resources (JuiI). There was no
capital (wub) of the country. There was no sklled manpower to run the country. There
was no industry. There was no army to safe guard its borders ( U ) . The administrative
machinery (2UisU) had to be built from the scratch. ( sJe)
The new born state had to rehabilitate (t/Jku4») seven million homeless refugers )
( who were pushed into the country. notospk com
The refugees were without homes and belongings (wls). They were settled in the
camps. Most of them had lost their relatives and dear ones. During the process of migration
(U s), the Muslims of India had to travel to Pakistan in a state of danger and
uncertainty (U). They were attacked, wounded and killed on their way to Pakistan by
the militant ( a ) Hindus and the Sikhs. The old men, women, children were
massacred (YVrL). The young girls and women were raped (UU7) and put to great
disgrace. The innocent children were stabbed to death (VElLA) mercilessly. Ui)
(ZvL notespk.comm
The Muslims of India reached Pakistan after marching through the river of blood and
fire. The brave Muslims faced all these hardships, and trials with courage and
determination (Ji-). They defeated the forces of
cruelty and barbarity (=ss) with the
sole aim of getting a separate
country. In that separate country, they wanted to live
according to thelr faith (wu), culture and creed. (DI)
Liaquat All Khan polnts to the Amerlcans that the Muslims of Paklatan are unlted to
Bafeguard (¢/sO) thelr ldeology (kP). There are no confllcts (b) and differences
among them so far as thelr national aims are concerned. They are very brave and are
against all kinds of cruelty and injustice. They are democratic in their outlook. It is due to
these sterling qualities (Uuiehy) that they faced all the hardships which they experienced
at the time of their independence. (1)

2 WHISTLING OF BIRDS
Q.2(a) How does the essayist depiet winter and spring in "whistling of birds".
Ans: The "Whistling of Birds" is a beautiful essay. It shows its author's deep
lovefor
the world of nature. He wants to show that nature exists in two forms i.e. creative (}#
form and destructive form. Spring stands for creativity and winter stands for destruction.
Both exist side by sidé. After the departure of winter, the rule of spring prevalls. Winter,
the season of darkness and severe cold leave us and we begin to breathe in the life giving
season of spring.
To The Polnt Expected Queetlone For Aasoolate Degree Programme (Part- ) 13
Lne Bpring season is full of 1ife and activity. The rays of the sun begin to shine
brightly. Frost begins to thaw ( t ) . The trees and plants get a new life and fill the air with

perfumer?). In the spring season, everything wears new outlook. The voice of the
a

turtle (Uiu*) is heard. Warm and soothing ()wind blows from sea side. The doves
begin to coo (E79 ). But their voice still lacks confidence. They seem to be winter stunned

(reby). The frost melts. notespk.com

NOW the spring season is in bloom (»/). The sullen ( ) thunder ( ) of frost )
and the trees and flowers give ott
O great pressure of cold are forgotten now. The plants,
perfume (rP). The wood pigeons begin to sing. The lambs dance on two feet. There is
gladness everywhere. The earth gets a new outlook. People forget everything about winter.
It seems as unreal as dream. The forces of death and destruction (S) have been defeated.
The black bird cannot stop his song. It is the creative urge (Ä`IUP) in him to sing.
Spring season has also its influence on plants and trees. Soon the flowers will blossom
forth and trees will give off sweet scent. There will be new heaven and new earth. Our ears
cannot resist (a7i7) the silver bugles (A) of a new creation. There is gladness in the air.
When life holds its full sign of death.
sway, there can be no
www.notespk.com
Q.2(b) "Whistling of Birds" shows its writer's love of Nature.E xcellence of Knowledge
Ans: D.H. Lawrence is a great lover of nature. He studies the different aspects ( )
of nature very closely ( ). To him, nature is very beáutiful, but at the same time it has
shades of ugliness (Ur). Spring is beautiful. This is one aspect of nature. Winter is ugly.
It is the other aspect of nature. The writer studies nature very closely. When the winter
season changes into spring, he makes a note of it. He feels unhappy at the destruction (9)
caused by winter. He feels happy when winter is over. notespk.com
The essay shows that he has great love for birds, beasts (/4) and natural scenes of
life. In the beginning of the essay, he discusses the adverse (U) and destructive effects
(ILGF) of winter on birds. He tells us that winter has killed and frozen (t/) many
birds like lapwings, stariings, thrushes and redwings (rtLUs), The dead bodies of
these birds are seen on the ground. The vivid ( ) description of winter shows that he has
great love for nature. notespk.com
He also describes spring in a convincing ( ) and impressive ( ) manner. Spring
brings life and activity in different birds. The black birds, the doves and other small birds
begin to whistle. The forces of winter have retreated (Cn ) . The trees give off perfume
(*). The lambs ( dance. The voice of the turtle ( , ) is heard in the land.
DH. Lawrence points out that Nature has a sweet as well as a horrible face (z0).
He has described both the faces of nature quite effectively ( IeI }P) with the help of
powerful images
To The Polnt Expected Questions For Assoclate Degreo Programme (Part- ) 14

3 TAKE THE PLUNGE

Q.3(a) Why did Gloria Emerson want to jump from the airplane? - O R
Why did the wrlter want to jump from the aeroplane with a parachute?
Ans:
The motive behind her jump was to startle other people:
Gloria Emerson is an American writer. She worked as a foreign correspondent t u )
f o r the New York Times (rt ,BI ) rom 1965 to 1972.In this essay, she describes
her strange experience of jumping from an airplane with graphic (&) details (=). The
motive ( ) behind her jump was to startle (&) other people about her bravery (»)
and extraordinary strength ( 4 u ) . She has clearly stated her purpose of making a
jump from the parachute in the first paragraph of the essay "I wanted to be brave about
something8" notespk.com
Her weak health disappointed her:
Actually, she wanted to surprise her colleagues (KU) at the newspaper office.
She was a timid (Jz) and weak woman. She could not think of jumping out of an
airplane. She was neither graceful (34) nor self - possessed ( w ) . She had a bad back
and uncertain (») ankles (). She had a weak eyesight. She was afraid of driving a car.
However, she wanted to do something big to make herself prominent (ULU) in the eyes of
the world. notespk.com
Her decision to join a parachute club:
She decided to land on the earth by means of a parachute. She joined a parachute club
at Orange, a place seventy miles west of Boston. After getting necessary training from
there, she made her jump from the parachute quite successfully. All were surprised at her
successful parachute jump. notespk.com
Q.3(b) How does she maintain the focus on her feelings throughout the essay? Do these
feelings change?www.notespk.com
Ans: Excellence of Knowledge
Feeling of fear:
Gloria Emerson gives us,ample details (-uGE) of her first parachute jumping in a
forceful and convincing manner. She tells us that she was a timid (Jx) and weak woman.
Her eyesight was weak. She was neither graceful (6»4) nor self- possessed (Py). She was
afraid of jumping from the parachute. In the beginning of the essay, she appears to be a
timid and passive girl. But she had a mind to do some adventure. This feeling of fear which
she shows in the beginning óf the essay, changes into self - possession ( L ) and
confidence. ( )
 To The Polnt Expected Questions For Assoclato Degroo Programme (Part I) 15

Conquering of fear:
There runs one feeling in all the stages of her experience of jumping: the conquering
( )of fear by confidence ( ) and joy. She feels very awkward ("VA) in her
parachute dress. She can hardly bend (LR), sit or stand. She is fully nervous to open the
parachute.
She feels a stab of pain (ubn) at that time. Then she jumps down. At that time, her
eyes and nose start to run. But soon, she overcomes (t 5) this state of mind. She feels
great excitement (UR) to see the endless colours of the sky. When she lands, she is
welcomed by her friends.
www.notespk.com
Thefocus of her feelings changes: Excellence of Knowledge
Her first parachute jump makes her elevated (t/A) in the eyes of her friends. Her

feelings of fear culminate (tnåry) into joy. Gloria Emerson, maintains ( ) the focus
on her feelings throughout the essay, but her suffer change from
nerves a nervousness

(reader enjoys
to excitement
and joy. She takes the reader the very process of 'ski diving'. The
to -

her conquest of fear and uncertainty. Everybody is pleased and surprised at

her brave deed. notespk.com

4- NAGASAKI, AUGUST 9, 1945

Q4(a) Give an account of the disaster occured on August 9, 1945 at Nagasaki.
Ans:Michaito lchimaru has given us a striking (lk«r) and impressive ( ) account
( ) of the destruction (s) caused by bombing at Nagasaki. The atom bomb was
dropped at Nagasaki by the Allied (U»G) (America, Britain, France etc) during the Second
World War.
www.notespk.com
BombBlast at Nagasaki: Excellence of K wledge
The writer of
the essay gives many details of horror ( ) and destruction of Nagasaki
during bombing. The atomic attack by the Allied, was quite inhuman (:Ut) and cruel. It
reduced the whole city of Nagasaki to rubbles (Lot S ) . The bombing took place on
August 9, 1945. The writer was a first year student at the Nagasaki Medical College.
August 9, 1945 was a clear, hot and beautiful summer day.

The writer was sitting in his room when bombing started:

The write was sitting in his room with a fellow student when he heard the sound of B -

29 aircraft over head. A few minutes later, the air flashed (A VKz) a brilliant yellow and
there was a huge (=s) blast (Je) of wind. The writer and his friend were terrified » )
( . They ran downstairs to the toilet ( U ) to hide (k). He lost his senses. When he
came to senses, he found that he was badly injured. The sky had turned from blue to black
and the black rain started to fall. The stone walls between the houses were reduced to dust.
To The Polnt Expected Questions For Assoclate Dogree Programme (Pert-) 16

Visit of the writer to the medical schoól:

After a short time, he tried to go to his medical school in Urakami. He met many
of skin
from Urakami. Their clothes were in rags ( * ) and shreds
eople coming back
L k ) hung from their bodies. They looked like ghosts (A) with vacant stare. UE)

(eus www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
A scene of destruction:
foot. It offered a sight (*) of wholesale (G)
He reached Urakami the next day on

destiuction andhorror (/). Only the concrete ( Uf) and iron skeletons (-i) of the
bodies everywhere on each street corner.
buildings remained standing. There were dead
wounded (IG) cried for
There were tubs of water to put out fires after the air raid. The
-

saw charred bodies (Ur) of

water but they died without it. Near the school, the writer
men and women. The writer could not get rid of
the sounds of crying women in the
with the destruction, he saw
destroyed fields. The writer was fully disgusted (¢/P)
during the bombing of Nagasaki.
effects of nuclear explosion on the minds of those who
Q4(b) Describe the everlasting
survived and those who read about it. -OR
nuclear weapons be used no matter what
"Never again should these, terrible
happens". Comment on it. www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
Ans: notespk.com

The use of nuclear bomb by America:

In this essay, the writer gives us graphic (h) details of the destruction (p) which
the bomb blast caused during World War II. America dropped the bomb on Nagasaki, a
city of Japan. Its ainm was to make an end of the power of Japan. It caused massive
destruction (sy Ux 4). Men, women and children were killed miserably (dG5), The
whole city was reduced to dust. (28C) www.notesrk.com
Excellence of Kioedge
The writer's hatred for the use of nuclear bomb:
The writer is against the use of nuclear weapons. In his view, the use of nuclear
weapons is very harmful for mankind. It does not cause the death of a few hundred and
thousand people. It is the death and destruction of whole society. It is the death of the
future of coming generation.
The writer suggests that the nations of the world should decide their problems
through negotiations ( ) . They must have peaceful talks
Appeal ofthe essay on thereader:
The essay appeals to the reader in the. following manner. Man's knowledge of science
 To The Polnt Expected Qusstlons For Assoclate Degroo Programme (Part-) 17

should not be used for the destructon of mankind. The writer's depiction ( P ) of the
pleture of destructlon and misery caused by atom bomb is really very effectve (). We
agree with the writer in his mission to put an end to the use of nuclear weapons. He
believes that the victims (O) of Nagasaki will be peacefully in their graves, if the world
stops the use of atomic weapons. The writer finishes his essay by giving his views on the
deadly results of nuclear war. He expresses his intense ( ) hatred ( P ) against the use
of nuclear weapons. He says:
"Never again should these terrible nuclear weapons be used no matter what
happens".
www.notespk.com
Moral: Ecellence of Knowledge
By laying down this thesis (w*), lchimaru reveals (t/st) a rare political insight
(AUL). Since the destruction of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, the world powers are
afraid of using nuclear weapons ( ) in the war. They have decided not to allow

anyone to use nuclear weapons even what may happen. notespk.com

notespk.com 5- MY GRANDFATHER
Q.5(a) What impressions do you form about W.B. Yeats grandfather from your study of
the essay "My Grandfather"?
Ans: www.notespk.com
A dignified person:
Excellence of Knowle dge
The essay mainly deals with the writer's memory of his grandíather. The name of his
grandfather was William Pollexfen. His grandíather had a grand personality (Äne).
He was never
( P») to the writer but he (the writer)
unkind was always afraid of him. It
was
the custom (&h) to fear and admire (:/) him. He was a man of few word)
( i He had won the freedom (UsT) of some Spanish city (U?) but he did not tell
this fact to anybody.
A great traveller:
He was a great traveller. He had been in many parts of the world. He had collected
strange and novel things ( }$)from different parts of the world. In his dining
room, there was a cabinet (Uul) which contained bits of coral (Uri4), jar (wE) of water
from Jordan Chinese pictures and an ivory ( h ) walking stick from India.
A strong man:
He
was an energetic (ti7) and stout ( ) person. He was a sailor by profession
( sL. He had the reputation ( ) of not ordering a thing which he could not do
himself. Once a captain reported something wrong with the rudder (8). His grandfather
ordered the crew (Sik) to go down and find out the fault. The crew refused. At this
ToThe Polnt Expeoted Questlone For Assolate Degree Programme (Pert-) 18
grandfather dived (,8s) into the sea from the main deck (>/8i\a). When he came out of
water, his skin was torn (Unt) but he was well informed about the defect (U) of the
rudder. At night, he kept a small axe ( tA) with him in order to deal with burglars,
()
A man of
violent temper:
He was a man of violent temper ( 7 ) . He kept a hatchet ( 1 ) at his bedside for
burglars ($). He believed in knocking down (t/pU) a man instead of going to law. He
had a few friends. However, he was very popular among his employees (U uru) and
the people around him. The Bible and Falconer's Ship Wreck (tLUAUA) were his
favourite books (Ar'n). He had a good deal of pride (»/) in him and disliked his
neighboure.
Q.5(b) Describe some of the memorles of writer's chlldhood in the company of hi
parents. -OR
Write a descrlptlon of w.B. Yeats recolletions of hls childhood in "My
Grandfather".
Ans:
Yeats as a child:
(Some of the memories of Yeats as a child):
The essays "My Grandfather" is a page from W.B. Yeat's autobiography (%i),
"Reveries over Childhood and Youth". In this small extract (G), he gives a character
sketch of his grandfather and records his feelings about him and other members of the
large family. As a school boy, he often spent hts holidays with his grandfather and
grandmother in Sallgo GolstVE). Yeats points out that in his childhood he (u), w
visited by fears and doubts. He was an unhappy child.
Disclpline of grandfather's home:
However, in his grandfather's house, he felt discipline ( ) and order in life. Hls
grandfather was a man of few words (uis ). He was a stout (U), harah ( ) and
strict person. He did not allow anybody to break the rules of discipline. His grandíather
was never unkind to him, but it was custom to fear and admire (t/ ) him. The writer
confused (t/L) his grandfather with God. The something that the writer talks about is
his fear of grandfather and loneliness.
Behaviour of grandfather with the writer:
His grandmother was a kind lady. She, too, punished him once for a harmless act. The
writer was playing in the kitchen and a servant pulled his shirt out of his trousers in a spirit
of fun (4LÜU). At that tirne, his grandmother came and he was given his dinner in a
room by himself.
To The Polnt Expected Gueetlons For Assoolate Degree Programme (Part ll) 19

Behaviour of an uncle:
The writer admits that with the passage of time (ZvL3), he overcame the initial
(UA) fears and pains of his childhood. He began to love his grandfather and other
members of his family. He became a happy person later on.

6- MY TAILOR
Q.6(a) Write a character sketch of the tailor of the writer from your study of the lesson
"My Tailor".
Ans:
Kind Hearted:
In this essay "My Tailor" the writer describes in an amusing manner some traits

Uk) of his tailor. He does not discuss them in detail, He gives some hints ( ) about
his personality. The writer has been dealing with ( ) him for the last thirty years. His
tallor was a very kind, cheerful ( r ) and happy person. He had an amiable ( » )
personality. He always welcomed the writer and other customers with a smile on his face.

A man of peculiar (U) habits:

He of few word (). He spoke very little but his words carried meaning.
was a man

He repeated his questions but he asked them pleasantly (c2HUP). As soon as

Leacock entered into his shop, he asked him, which cloth he wanted to have for his suit, a
serge ) or a tweed. He at once gave his preference ( ) for 'serge' without letting the
author speak on his choice ( ) . It seemed as if he knew the writer's choice of cloth. He
had peculiar ( ) mannerisms. ( )
His behaviour as atailor: (a professional tailor)
He was a professional tallor. His behaviour reflected (U/s6) his keen interest u
( In his professlon.
He lifted his knee and draped (C) the cloth over it and stood on one leg. He could
stand in that position for an indefinite (»s) period of time. He always gave a fixed time
for the stitching of the suit and it was always a week from Tuesday. After he received an
order for the suit, he always talked about the weather. "Pleasant
weather, we are having".
He had his own way of billing. He did not
present the bill personally.
Q.6(b) Why does Leacock regard the tailor as immortal? Describe the writer's feelings
when he foudn that his tailor has died.
Ans:
Immortal Character
In this essay, the writer describes in hints the character and
personality of his tailor. He
has been associated (1) with the tailor for the last
thirty years.
 20
To The Polnt Expected Ouesttons For Assoclate
DegreeProgramme(Part-
and at one
During the last years, the writer has seen him standing at one place
thirty
position. Even the tallor does not change hls way of conversatlon ( ) , He always meets
his customers with a smile on his face. This long practice (UU) glves the wrlter an

impresslon (t) that the tallor is Immortal (JUU). Another hint in the essay develops thls
impresslon (7*). The writer has never tried to know about his personal whereabouts. He
does not know his name. He does not try to have a glimpse ( I ) of his personal needs
and worries (UY). For the writer, he appears to be a statue ( ) and a lifeless thing. The
writer has never considered him ( U ) a human being. He has taken him a tailor and not

a man. To him, he is a tailoring machine only.

Reaction of the writer on the tailor's death: notespk com
During the last thirty years, the writer does not see any change
in the shop of his tailor.
) to him the cloth
Every time the author visits his shop, he recommends ( /
same

and the same colour. His habits and manners are measured and calculated. He has never

failed to come to the door to say good -bye to the writer. He has never bothered (tnULL)
about the payment of the bill, however hard pressed (nUkFSTLP) he may be. All
this suggests to the writer that he is an immortal character. He cannot die.

His family life: www.notespk.com

Exccllence of Knowledge
It is on his death that the writer comes to know about his family life. He is told that his
wife 1as been left badly off (Usq u#G). He has a daughter but the writer does not
know it. He comes to know that the tailor has a music school. He has a fine taste (Ui
for music. He acts as a sideman (u 2Le4efu9) of the church. The writer remains
unaware (i;) of the details of his family life. That is why (G a ) , he considers him
immortal. (JGU) notespk.com
Q.6(c) Comment on the essay "My Tailor" as a humorous piece of writing
Ans: Stephen Leacock is a famous English humorist (0U?) The essay "My Tailor" is
an excellent (»/), example of a humorous ( ) piece of writing. The humour in the essay
is based on characterization (UEhs) rather than on events. (i))
First point of humou www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
The author has been visiting his tailor for thirty years. He stands at the back part of the
shop. The measuring tape (ikU3) is woven round his neck. The tailor always welcomes
the author with a smile on his face. He always guides the author in the choice of clothes. He
suggests to him to have a suit made of serge (rt6-2) in dark blue colour. The author
agrees to his tailor's choice owing to (aa1) want of variety (GI86) in cloth. The most
interesting thing is that the tailor goes in for (t/*2) the dark blue colour in serge before the
author decides it. Perhaps this is the first point of amusement in the essay.
 To The Polnt Expected Questlone For Assoolate Degree Progremme (Part ) 21
www.notespk.com
Second point of humour: Excollonce of Knowledg
His behaviour of showing the cloth to his customers is also funny. He lifts ( q t ) one
knee and drapes ( - b) the cloth over it. He stands on one leg. He belleves that clothe can
be appreciated (ç- r y ) only when spread over the bended knee of a tallor with one
leg in the air. The writer humorously ( Iely) adds (-tSU) that his tailor can atand
in this way indefinitely ( 2 a 2 ) on one leg in a sort of a kind of local paralysis. ( U )

Third point of humour in the essay: notespk com

Another point of amusement lies in the manner of his tailor's measurement (J). His
tailor knows that there is a change in his measurement ( ) but he measures his chest

().The writer is amused to learn that his chest has grown (UU) by one inch. He knows
that the tailor only tries to please him by saying so. He does not care to talk about the bill.
The bll is a matter which they deal with (t/2L) Bolely (JP) by correspondence s )
( T h i s method of asking the bill through correspondence ( 4 L i s ) is no doubt
very amusing. ( ) notespk.com

7- THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY

970) Discus the factors responsible for the development ofBeauty Industoy
-OR
apes
Why do women pay so much attention to the beauty of bodyNOTE5P
Ans: S40
Expenditure on beautification of the American women: ON
In this essay, Huxley describes in an amusing manner ( J A ) that the women of
America spend a huge amount of money to decorate (t) thelr faces. According to an
estimate (G), this expenditure ( ) is more than three million pounds ( 0 C )a
week. As compared to the American woman, a European woman can do with a piece of
soap (UuITiVLLILAU). The craze (u#) to look beautiful on the part of an
American woman has given birth to beauty industry.
How dothe western women beautify their face:
Now the face creams, the exercises, the health motors and the skin foods are used to
add to the physical charms (id+). Then there are massage machines (UdIF)
and belly reducing belts (uUg d»s4s) to make them physically smart. Some ladies
undergo surgical operations to get rid of wrinkles (uL) of old age. All such attempts
have given rise to a vast beauty industry in America www.notespk.com
Excellonce of Knowle.dge
The reasons for the progress of Beauty Industry
First: General Prosperity (Uau):
ToThe Polnt Expeoted Questlone For Aseoolate Degree Programme (Part ) 22
There is a general increase (JU) in prosperlty. The rich have always paid more
attention to their personal appearance (UPUAU J). They have sufficient money to spend
on the decoration of their faces. The beautification of bodies has become a popular practice.
Now this thing has passed on to the poor. The poor also imitate the rich and decorate their
faces with cosmetics and other beautifying things.
Second: Change in social status of women:
There is a change in the status of women (/LUP). The women are freer (1T) than
in the past. Theyfreer to attend social functions
are
(4U).
At the same time, they
have the privilege (J) to look more attractive. In the past, the women paying attention to
their physical charms were
(uh/4).
considered wicked Now this trend (uu) has changed.
Decoration of faces has become a female privilege. ( J )
Third:
In the past, the decoration of face considered wicked The
was a
thing. spread of
education has changed this trend (WG). It is no longer considered a sign of moral
corruption (UudEI). Now beauty is considered a sign of good health. Ugliness (Uu) is
associated with (t/=) some ailment. (/)
Q.7(b) Point out examples of Irony and humour in Huxley's essay. "The
Beauty
Industry".
Ans:
First point of irony:
In the essay "The
Beauty Industry", Huxley makes fun (t'igu) of the craze (u*) of
women to decorate their faces with artificial (U*) aids. In the
beginning of the essay, he
states in an ironic
(*) manner that" the beauty industry in America remains unaffected
(LAio) during the general depression ( l ) . The American women
decoration of their faces and bodies about three
spend on the

million pounds (y0c)aweek.

Second point of irony
Aldous Huxley polnts out ironically (sl) that the women conslder it thelr rlght
to look more attractlve. He
says that the people have now come to admit ( ) that the
body has its rights. In the same breath, he points out that true beauty is a matter of
innerself (). In his view, the American women do not want
to look virtuous (2)
by
remaining simple. He says, "They have the right, if not to be less virtuous than their
grandmothers, at any rate to look les8 virtuous". uIf uzbhuktuSEULOZU)
( 1IPIPULkI This sentence has a peculiar bite. (
Humour:
)
The essay contains many touches of mild
humour also, in the essay, "The
Industry". Beauty
 To The Polnt Expeoted Queetlone For Aesoclate Degroe Programme (Part ) 23

First point of humour:

Huxley tells us that the women of America spend a huge amount of money on the
decoration of their faces. He says that the beauty industry of America is spending more
money in a year than twice the revenue ( ) of India. He compares an American woman
with a European woman and says Europe is poor and a face can cost as much in upkeep
) as a Rolls Royce. (tKKL)
Second point of humour
Huxley remarks in an amusing manner that in future, they will be lacking old
grandmothers. White hair and wrinkles (UL) a bent back (Un) and hollow cheeks
(Tu ) will come to be regarded as old fashioned (C*dy). The craze for
decoration has deprived them (tx pf) of their inner beauty. They have become empty
vessels (4 UG). He remarks in funny
manner that Paris, where this over painting 5U)
a
( U g ) 1s more pronounced (ULU) many women have ceased (Cn) to be human at all.

The essay is full of many funny and ironic remarks.

o.7(c) What makes a woman really
beautiful? -OR
"The beauty of a poreclain jar is a matter of shape, of colour, of surface texture

Ans: Huxley has given us his views on beauty at the end of his essay. His views on
beauty are quite clear and transparent ( # ) , He considers it foolishness on the part of
women to look beautiful with the help of make up. That is why, he makes fun of the craze
(R) of women to look attractive by means of artificial means ( / ) . He points out
that real beauty has no relation with the make up or the use of cosmetics.
-

Real Beauty is the outcome of the

following factors:
First Comparison with porcelain jar
Real beauty is the outcome
() of spirltual goodness (Ju). The inner beauty and
goodness ofa woman are reflected 4/fb) on her outer face. The writer points out that the
beauty of a woman cannot be compared to a beautiful flower pot. The flower pot may be
empty or it may contain splders. Its inner contents do not carry any importance. Its
outward appearance attracts
everybody. The beauty of a poreelain jar is a matter of shape,
of colour, of surface texture. But this is not the case with a
beautiful woman. A woman is a
living being. A beautiful woman must be attractive from outside as well from inside. The
writer points out that real beauty is not merely a matter of face or skin. It involves in itself
the beauty of mind and soul. A woman can look attractive if she is both beautiful
outwardly (4ds) and inwardly. (4uPT)
 To The Polnt Expected Questlons For Assoclate Degree Programme (Part 1) 24

Secondly
A beautiful woman must get rid of (tSPy) human vices and evils. She must be
good at heart and kind to others. She must be free from greed (&U), jealousy ( ) and ill
will. (
Thirdly:
Health is another factor which makes a woman beautiful. A healthy woman is sure to

look attractive.
www.notespk.com
Fourthly: Excelence of Knowledgo.
The writer points out that social justice is another factor which makes people live in

with another. The human race cannot be made beautiful by the use of
harmony (U") one
cosmetics. It can be made beautiful if we learn to live in harmony with others.

8 TOLERANCE
Forster's views tolerance. Why E.M. Forster in his
Q.8(a) Examine critically E.M. on

essay "Tolerance" does not favour love for rebullding clvilization?

1otespk.com -OR
What are the views of E.M. Forster on Tolerance?
Ans:In this essay, writer highlights ( DJ Uu) the value of tolerance (Ubb») in the
the
reconstruction ( ) of the world after World War II.
the European nations.
According to the writer, two things are needed for building
First is the sound state of mind and the second is tolerance. (bh)
Two qualities are needed to build anation,sound state of mind andtolerance:
The writer points out that Second World War has brought great destruction in its wake
(duspA). The public leaders, politiclans, economists and traders are putting
forward their views to rebuild Europe. According to the writer, the real solution to the
problem is psychological (JLS) and not political or economical. All planning and policies
of reconstruction can only succeed if there is proper state of mind behind it. England can be
made beautiful if the people of England build every street and every house of England
with devotion (#) and motivation ( * f ) . The second thing for the reconstruction of
England is 'tolerance' notespk.com
Sound state of mind is, tolerance and not love:
E.M. Forster states, that people always put forward love as the only force to rebuild
civilization ( ) . They cal love the proper state of mind ( E U ) . The writer does
not agree with those people. In his view, love is no doubt a great force in private life, but
love in public affairs does not work. It has been tried again and again by the Christian
civilization (uE7dA) of the middle ages and also by the French Revolution (IU))
 To The Polnt Expected Questlons For Assoclate Degres Programme (Part- 25
but it failed to bring the nations close together. The fact is we can only love what we know

personally. In public affairs, nations do not know much about one another. In the
of civilization, less dramatic
rebuilding (Jusf) and less emotional thing (zU*) is
needed. In his view, tolerance is needed to bring nations close together.
Tolerance is not weakness:
1he writer points out that tolerance is not a very dynamic virtue (QÍSS). It is dull

and boring (Iz). It is negative in its nature. It merely means putting up with people,
who are different from you. This is the quality who are different from you.
up with people,
This is the quality which will be most needed after the war. This is the state of mind, which
we are looking for ( t / J ) . This is the only force which will enable differernt races and
classes to settle down (t/2) together (&) to the work of reconstruction. (G2)
Q.8(5) It is very easy to see fanaticism in other people but difficult to spot it in oneself.
It is really so?
notespk com
Ans: In this
essay, Huxley gives the definition (7) and meaning of fanaticism (w*).
Fanaticism means the unnecessary and unreasonable
(WP2) love for one's creed ( )
andfalth A fanatie is a great lover of his creed. He is always ready to die for his religious
and political views. He does not see that these people can be right in their views. In this
way, a fanatic is a narrow minded ( )
person.www.notespk.comn
Fanaticism is an evil thing Ecollence of Knovuledge

In this essay Tolerance", E.M Forster condemns ( : / ) intolerance (Uibu) and

fanaticism (uR). In his view, fanaticism of any kind produces hatred (P) among people
and shatters (k»/7) the foundation of civilization. He wrote this essay at the end of the

World War- 11. The World War brought great destruction ( ) in the world.
Fanaticism in different nations: notespk.com
The Germans preached fanaticism during the War. The Germans under the leadership
of Hitler, advocated racial (U) fanaticism ( * ) and highlighted to the world that the
Germans were the superior race. They had the right to rule the world. They hated the Jews
2 L / } e U 2 ) . The British hated the Germans. The British launched a propaganda
t e ) against.the Germans. In this way, they roused ( ) the feeling of
nationalism in their people. The Germans were defeated in the War, but the British did not
discontinue (t/7) their propaganda against them. The writer laments (-t/IKyP) that
the British forgot their own fanaticism. (U*) www.notespk.com
Excetlence of Knowledge
Fanaticism ofthe British:
The British used every trick ( ) to enslave (tu) the blacks, the browns and the
yellows. In India; their racial (P) fanaticism (o) was more pronounced (ULU). Being
To ThePolntBrpeoted GusstonePorAgsooleateDegroe Progremme(Part 1) 20
white men, the British considered it their right to govern and rule the world and
particularly the people of India. It is in this context (PA), that E.M. Forster says "we spot
about fanaticism in others but fall to see it in ourselves".

9 ON SAYING PLEASE
Q.9(a) Write a note on the importance of saying "Please" the answer must not exceed 200
words. -OR
What is the significance of good manners in a clvilzed society?
Ans:

Importance of good manners:

The essay "On Saying Please" throwe light on the importance of good manners in
nothing but they make the
sOciety. The two words "please" and "thank you" cost us

conduct of life ( - » L ) soft and smooth (ruD. When we ask for a favour (u), it is
our duty to show our gratitude ( ) by saying "please". When we have been obliged )
(uI, we must say "Thank you". notespk.com
Law cannot punish an ill-mannered person:
Good manners play a great role in making a society civilized. They oil the machine of
life and keep it going swtly. They build friendship and intimacy (ï»). They fight against
unpleasantness ( = c t ) and bitterness of life. A polite person is liked by everybody. An
impolite person spreads poison (A) in society.
The writer points out (fE786) that there is no legal (G) punishment against
discourtesy (¢t) and against bad manners. There are small faults (U»s) of behaviour
which law cannot punish. Such things are left to our good judgment (U) and good
sense. However, law can punish physical offence ( d), The writer explains his point
by giving us the example of a liftman.
notespk.com
LAftman and the Passenger:
One day a passenger entered the cabin of the llfe and sald to the liftman to take him to
the "top".
He did not say "Top please". The liftman felt insulted (Uu
Jy) at it and
threw him out of the lift. He was punished for
inflicting (t0) a physical injury (uJA)
to the
passenger. The passenger was not taken to task ( t / ) for his rude behaviour
(u ). The writer holds that the liftman was rightly
punished. Nobody could be given
freedom to kick the people (tlI) for their bad behaviour. This shows that
law has no
relation with the morals.
ToThe Polnt Expeoted Questlone For Aseoolate Degree Programme (Part) 27
Q90b) 1f bad manners are infectious, so also are good manners. Elaborate.
Ans:
Bad Manners are infectious:
Apna or the Plough remarks in his essay "On Saying Please" that bad manners are

(
infectious 2iape 8o also the good manners. It is sensible comment
are
) by the writer on social manners. An ill humoured ( ) person spreads anger
a

and irritation (JGS) in society. If we encounter unctvility ( A ) in life, most of us

become uncivil. The writer points out that bad manners are very harmful to society. They
do more to polson ( t h s ) the stream of the general life (U#)UmUbdudUsIrv) than all
the crimes in history. We infect (:/ uT) the world with our bad manners. Bad
manners cause a lot of injury to of self respect.
our sense Injury to our body soon passes
away but an injury to our feelings may poison (tL) a whole day.
The writer explains his
point by an example of the liftman.
If an officer insults his subordinate (-3), the subordinate will insult the peon. The
peon will be angry with his wife. His wife will be angry with the cook. In this way, bad
manners are sure to poison the whole atmosphere. (UlV)
Good Manners are also infectious (IZzLm); notespk.com
The writer believes that
good also infectious. If we are polite and civil
manners are
(O) to a person, he will be polite and civil to others. In this connection, the writer gives
us the example of a bus conductor. The behaviour of the bus conductor impressed him
greatly. One day,the writer was travelling in a bus when the conductor approached ( )
him for a ticket. The writer did not have the purse of money with him. He was
worried
C and upset at the situation, The conductor was a kind and cheerful person )
(I, He gave the ticket to the writer without money. His cheerfulness impressed (7*)
the passengers and they, too, were demanded to behave
properly with others. Thus good
manners also give birth to a chain ()of smlle and politeness
10. GOSsIP
Q.10(0)What ls gosulp? Critleally analyse the thing in the Hght of the essay "Gosslp" by
Francine?
Ans notespk.com
Introduction:
Francine Prose is a talented (T) novelist and essayist of America. Her method of
writing is not only conversational ( u h L ) but also argumentative ( ) . She deals
with the subject of gossip in an interesting and convincing manner (un 2Jr). Gossip
making has always been condemned (UU) by moral thinkers, but she views it in a
favourable light (u4*). She calls t a creative activity ( u # ) and considers it to
have the qualities of good fiction. (Uitsiz)
 28
To The Polnt Expected Questlone For Assoclete Degree Progremme (Par

Definition of gossip: It is different from

t can be defined as idle talk and a time frivolity (dwVLIS),
one defends it. It is a
Civilized conversation (S). Almost everybody does it, but no
conversation or report about the behaviour and private life of other people.

Characteristics of gossip:
Gossip is different from misinformation:
1 The writer believes that gossip must be different from misinformation. (UE)
It not slander (t/tA) anyone.
2- I t should
2
notconsist of rumours (gi). should
motive ( ) of gossip
33 I t must not have wilful fabrication (/UAJ2to}). The
should only be enjoyment.
should not undermine castigate ( t o ) the character
and
reputation (2) of
44 I t or

life of one's relatives, frlends or neighbours.

anyone. It is mostly about the private
5 It is different from serious kind of conversation. ( 4
(P). The writer thinks that it isan
It is a main source of enjoyment and recreation
innocent ( P p ) and harmless kind of talking about others
Difference between gossip and information:
She illustrates ( t ) her
There is great difference between gossip and information.
shall impart informatdon
point of view by an example. If we say "John got a new job", we
to the other. But if we say "Hey, did you hear John got fired ( U a ) " , we
shall be

introducing a gossip. notespk.com

mongering and slander discussed in
Q.10(b)How is gossip different from rumour

paragraphs? Why should Prose consider these kinds of talk uncivilized?

Ans:in this essay, the writer gives us the definition of gossip. She says that gossip is a time
wasting frivolity (E>U» StLS)., It connects (t/8) the members of society in a frank
(bT) manner. It has a recreational (E) aspect (4). It has positive ( ) value. It tells
us about the life style of people. It throws light on their ways of dress, conversation ( ) ,
traditions (echu) and customs. It is quite different from rumour mongering. (UiV)
Negative Qualities:
1 Rumour mongering (¢l4tI9) and slandering (trA) are negative things. They aim
at injuring the reputation (=/) or fame of a person without reason. (u2)
2 Slanders and rumours are not liked by anyone. They are socially (4u>dE) and
morally disapproved (aE). They do not have recreational (8-) value ( ) . Their
main object is to find fault with (/Uz) other people.
Sort of misinformation:
3- Rumour is a sort of misinformation (ui L9). It travels very fast. It is reported from
To The Polnt Expected Queetlons For Assoclete Degree Programme (ra 29
one person to another. The place or person from where the rumour spreads ( " ) is
not iocated. In a gossip, the range ( ) i s limlted. It covers a limited circle of friends. It

ends as the people leave the

soon as
place.
slander (aF)s a false statement (eA) about someone. Its aim is to damage vl)
4
t h e reputation (a) of another person. It is often the result of enmity and
jealousy (a). In slander, leg - pulling (tiUy) of someone is intended. (G-in)
The Object of Gossip:
5-
Go841p does not have such mean motive ( ) . It is idle talk. Its aim is to waste
some time. It is done in a non serious ( ) a n d light manner. We can say with the
Writer that gossip is quite different from slander arnd rumour mongering.
11- SCIENCE AND VALUES
Q.11(a)Discuss which good things science can increase and bad things it can diminish.
Ans:
notespk.com
Science a good servant and a bad master:
Russell is a modern thinker ( ) of our age. In this essay, he has expressed his views
on science and its influence (te12) on human life. In his view, science is a good servant
but a bad master for mankind. Science is not harmful in itself (i=ii) because it is a
knowledge of life. It becomes an enemy to man if it is used unwisely ( » 2 ) . It can
intensify (t/) two things, tyranny ()and war.
) Science ends poverty: notespk.com
Science is a great boon (S) for mankind also. Its advantages are listed below:
It can abolish poverty and excessive hours of labour. In the earliest human
communities ( Un) d ) starvation ( ) was frequent ( ) . It was very dificult for
man to procure ( t P ) a square meal (d»yS») for himself and his children.
Agriculture was the first techrical advance ( - ) that made the earning of livelihood a
little better. notespk.com

Science has introduced to us modern methods of cultivation (K-8). This has

consequently ( ) enhanced (t/»i) agricultural production. Due to the use of machines
in agriculture arid industry, man has got relief from excessive hours of labour. But
advancement (UE) in agriculture too produced negative effects.
(ii) Discovery of medicines: notespk.com
Science has also conferred (t/) an immense (uie) boon ( I ) on mankind by
the growth of medicines.
Death rate among children has been controlled with the help of vaccination u)
( L. suffering has been dimínished
The sum of human ( ) by the discovery of
aesthetics ( o l a n d vaccination. ( t g L u ) )
 30
To The Polnt Expected Guestlone For Aseoclete Degree Programme (Part

(ii)Law and order situation: cities. It has helped the

Science has also improved law and order
situation in big
(UiUUui) and
advancement in transportation
80vernment to curb crimes. The

communication (wiyt) has helped the

to track down (t/Ur)
the
police criminals
(iv) Spread of education: and illiteracy (4). It has
Science has fought successfully against ignorance
(U&i`¢)
towards life have enabled
attitude
Spread education. The spread of education and good
has made people open .

to hold honourable position

in life. Education
young people
minded and tolerant. to mankind?
harmful
that all "Fanatical creeds" are
Q.11(6)How does Russell prove
list of many things which
"Science and Values", Russell has given us a
Ans:in this essay
and foremost among
them is fanaticism. (eR)
first
destroy human happiness. The
notespk.com
What isfanaticlsm? views is called
"fanaticism", A fanatic
The mad worship of one's religious and political
to his point of
ideas on others and tries to convert (A) people
tries to impose his own
use of force results
converted to his point of view, he uses force. The
view. If people are not
in society.
into hatred, strife (U) and bloodshed
www.notespk.com
How fanaticism is produced? Excellence of Knowledge
Russell points out that
scientific thinking which produces fanaticism.
It is our non

unscientific way of thinking is mainly responsible for most of human misery.

subjective or
The uneducated and illiterate in the society often promote fanatic creeds. Being
uneducated, they are narrow- minded and limited in thelr thinking. They give great
to thelr own ideas. They do not heed to the ideas of others. They are the
importance
strongest supporters of thelr own ideas and creeds. They are prepared to die for the glory
of their beliefs. They do not know that truth may also lie in the opposite views.
Evils of fanaticism:
Fanaticism brings in its wake ( ) many evils. Some of them are listed below:
1 It promotes (d) hatred and strife (*). Hatred and strife result into bloodshed in
society.
2 It does not encourage free enquiry into the belief which is prevalent ( ) in society. It
opposes intellectual progress. ( d ) notespk.com
3- It involves priesthood (GULL=£4{). It gives great power to a group of people who is
devoted to the maintenance ofthe intellectual status- quo. ( U z )
4 The fanatical creeds claim to be final and conclusive (o). Therefore, there is ittle
hope for any change of improvement in them.
 31
ToThe Polnt Expected Queetlone For Assoclate Degree Programme(Pane
How to overcome fanaticism?
ussell believes that we can overcome the evils of fanaticism if we spread in the world

scientific ideas and beliefs.

here are certain needs and certain things that is should
c things that our age
avoid.
Ans:
www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowlcdge
Views on war:
In this essay, Russell discusses the role of science in eliminating (E/») misery ( )
and unhaPpiness from the world. In his view, the greatest evil of the present age is war.
War produces cruelty and competition (L) in human beings.
Other evil things which are enemy to human happines
hen there are other evils which destroy human happiness and peace. They are hatred
( ) jealousy (), greed (U) and frustration (Ug). The most dangerous of all these
is
evils
make
the lust for power
(uRVLSI). The lust to dominate (t4uy) others
people selfish and
callous. (P) notespk.com
Scientific thinking can make us
happy:
Kussell believes that these evil passions can be conquered if we develop the habit of
sclentific thinking. Science aims at developing in us rational thinking (ôr'). It is an
enemy to subjective (di) and narrow thinking. It enables people to discard wrong beliefs
and ideas. According to Russell, people feel frustrated (Ugu) in the modern age. There is a
Cut throat competitlon among individuals, companies and nations. One nation considers
the other natlon is enemy. It wants to eliminate considers the other nation its enemy. It
wants to eliminate the other. Everybody feels insecure ( u ) . This has produced a death
wlsh in the people. notespk.com
12- THE VITAMINS
Q12a)Define Vitamins in the light of Dr. Kenneth Walker's essay The Vitamins".
-OR
Discuss the utility of vitamins on human body.
Ans:
www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
Definition:
Kenneth Walker defines (S7) vitamins as follows "Vitamins are certain chemical
elements necessary for health and growth of human body. The chemical nature of the vitamins is not
known".
Importance of Vitamins:
 To The Point Expected Questlone For Assoolate Degree Programme (Pert I) 32
Vitamins play a vital role (U»P) in the development ( ) of our health. Health
Cannot be maintained ( ) on a dtet ( ) whlch is merely ( )sufficlent (dr) tor
the growthand repair of our body only. It needs more than that. The deflclency (U) of
certain mineral salts in human body causes deficlency diseases.

Experlmente about vitamina:

Sir F. Gowlan Hopkins In 1906 found that rats kept on a diet of pure protelna (ung)
fats (4), carbohydrates (>B), salts and water developed signs ( u ) of malnutritlon.

His experiments confirmed that certain diseases were entirely (4 * P ) due to the
absence (U»ru) of some essential (Unp) ingredients ( ) of the food. These essential
ingredients (2I») are known to be vitamins.
The disease known as beriberi:
Another disease that is now known as beriberi ( r ) takes place due to the absernce
of an essential vitamin. It is a disease characterised by weakness and even complete
paralysis of the legs. (&KUE)
www.notespk.com
Absence of vitamins A&B: Excelence of Krnowledge |
The deficiency (U ) of vitamins produces certain ailments (U). Absence of vitamin
"A from the diet reduces the natural resistance ( t ) to invading organismL)
(EzL. Its deficiency produces a curious ( s ) dry condition of the eye. Sometimes
the vision (0) is also likely to be impaired (ts\4). The deficiency of vitamin "A" causes
calcification of bones (tnKULi) and is the cause of rickets. (ry~i)
The absence of vitamin E and B:
Vitamins "E" is necessary for fertility («2). Its absence is
likely to result into
sterility (ofE). The lack of vitamin "B" cause a strange disease called "beriberi" SE)
( . Thus we see that the presence of all vitamins is necessary for the development (0%9)
and growth of brain and body. www.notespk.com

Sources of vitamins: Excollencc of Knowledge

According to the writer, different articles contain vitamins. For example, vitamin "A"
is found in large quantity in cod liver oil (U60), (25), butter and green
carrot
vegetables. Vitamin "D" is found in cod liver oil. It is also found in
small quantities in
animal fats. Vitamin "E" is found in common food
stuffs, such as leaves and seedlings (E).
The husk of wheat is also an
important source of vitamin "E", Vitamin "B" is found in yeast
2), vitamin "C" is found in citrus fruits, like lemons and oranges.
 To The Polnt Expected Queetions For Assoolate 33
Degree Programme(r
0.12(b)Write a note on water
soluble vitamins.
Ans
www.notespk.com
Vitamin "B1 Excollcnce of Knowledge
The chiet water
soluble vitamins are "B" and "C, Absence of
vitamin "B" is responsible
for that strange disease, "Berlberi"
this disease was a scourage ( ) in
($sSS). During the last half of the last century,
all rice eating countries. It was confirmed (UUw)
later on that the disease was
caused due to eating of polished rice. The richest source or
vitamin "B" is yeast (A) but it is also
found in various types of grains (t), vitamin "B" 18
divided into six different substances of
great importance. One of them prevents beriberi
and the otherpellagra (UUlA). Pellagra is a tropical disease
characterised by severe skin rashes (UleU ?)
(b), changes in the mucous membranes Uro
( t and mental weakness.
Vitamin "C www.notespk.comn
Excellence of Knowledge
Vitamin "C" is present in fresh
vegetables, It is found in peas () and beans (?) and
in some fruits especially lemons
and oranges. Its deficiency (U) causes scurvy (?o\2).
The writer advises us not to take vitamins in
the form of tablets (Uy). We must get them
from fresh vegetables and fruits. We must have balanced diet.
MCQs ,eries
MC p Series MCQs
'sauaS
NOTEsPK Papers NOTESPK NOTESPK
NOTESPK
Pa

SajoN oog
Syoc
2ON Syoo8
0

So10N Oog

Syo0
10