Why was Pakistan inevitable?

describe in the light of Liaqat Ali Khan's speech

OR

Justify the creation of Pakistan in the light of Liaqat Ali Khan's speech

OR

How the Two-Nation Theory led to the creation of Pakistan?

Answer to all of the questions above is given below.

Ans: "Pakistan and the Modern World" is an address of Liaqat Ali Khan, which he delivered
at the University of Kansas in 1950. In his speech, he told the Americans how and why
Pakistan was created. He tells them that Pakistan is a new state. It came into existence in
1947. In United India, there lived three hundred minion Hindus and one hundred million
Muslims. The Muslims and Hindus differed sharply in their mode of living. These differences
were related to religious economies in political matters. Long history and past experience told
them that they could not live together peacefully.

Liaqat All Khan tells the Americas that the two nations differed almost in every field
of life. The Muslims believed in one God but the Hindus worshipped many gods. The
Muslims believed in the Divine -Prophets but the Hindus did not. These differences prevailed
between the two people in almost every situation of their daily lives. Liaqat All Khan tells the
Americans that the two nations also differed in their social and economic affairs. The Hindus
believed in the caste system whereas the Muslims believed in the equality of men, The
Muslims believed in the right of private ownership for everyone, whereas the Hindus
believed in communism. The Muslims had faith in the laws of inheritance. They had
economic institutions which discouraged the accumulation of wealth. The Hindus did not
have such laws. In this way, the Muslims differed sharply from the Hindus.

Liaqat Ali Khan pointed out to the Americans that the Hindus were much larger in
number. After the departure of the British, the Muslims feared that their culture would suffer
a great set back. They also feared that their economic position would grow worse under the
domination of the Hindus. It would simply be the change of masters.

It was for these reasons that the Muslims asked for .a country of their own. The
demand was not unreasonable, it was also practicable.

2. Points of Similarity between Pakistan and America

Ans: Liaqat All Khan tells the Americans that there exists great similarity between Pakistan
and America regarding the freedom movement.

First: America began mainly as an agricultural country just Pakistan is today. The
American progress in the fields of agriculture and industry is al due to its dedicated and
selfless leadership. Pakistan is also having a selfless, sincere and dedicated leadership. The
people of Pakistan„ like the Americans, are peace-loving and hard working. Pakistan is
very hopeful to march on the road to progress like America.
 Second: The Americans believe in democracy and the rule of law and civil
liberties. The people of Pakistan are also lovers of democracy, peace and the ride of law.
America made rapid progress in every field of life. Pakistan too hopes to make progress in
every field of life very soon.

Third: Like the Americans, the people of Pakistan believe in moral values. They are
desirous to promote peace and happiness to the people of the world. America is already doing
a lot to promote peace and prosperity in the world. The rules of Pakistan are already working
for the welfare of the masses. It is with the cooperation of the Americans in the economic and
social fields that Pakistan is expected to become a stable and prosperous country.
Q.1. How does Liaquat Ali Khan justify the demand for Pakistan?
Ans. Muslims knew from experience that in a free India dominated by Hindus their
culture would be destroyed. This was the basic reason for their demand for a free
country of their own.
The demand for Pakistan was in no way unreasonable. The Muslims and Hindus were
divided by very serious religious, cultural, and social differences.
The Muslims believe in the unity of Allah. They believe in the Prophet of Arabia and
Jesus Christ, and the prophets mentioned in the Old Testament. They believe in the
equality of all men. They believe that every man and woman has the right to own
property. Their religion encourages the distribution of wealth.
The Muslims were a nation by any definition, a nation bigger than most nations of the
world. They were in majority in many large and contiguous areas of the sub-continent.
Q.2. What difficulties Pakistan had to face immediately after its establishment?
Ans. Immediately after its establishment, Pakistan had to face numerous difficulties.
Setting up the administration of a new state is never easy, but in the case of Pakistan,
The difficulties were extraordinary.
We had no flag and no capital. There was practically no administrative machinery. We
had no engineers and traders. There was no industry in the new state. Pakistan was
allotted an army but its men and officers were scattered in distant parts of India. Only a
very small number could reach Pakistan in 1947. The major portion of’ its share of
military equipment was never handed over to Pakistan.
Millions of Muslims were forced to flee from Bharat and come to Pakistan. They were in
a miserable condition. They needed food, shelter, and medical aid. This alone was a
huge task. The unity of the people and their firm faith, however, conquered all
difficulties.
Q.3 What, in Liaquat Ali Khan’s opinion, the West, particularly America, owes to
the people of Asia?
Ans. Almost all countries of Asia remained under Western colonial rule for two or three
centuries. They were kept backward in all fields of life. They had no opportunity to
acquire the knowledge of science and technology. The result is that, although they are
free nations today, they are very poor and undeveloped.
The people Asia wish to get rid of their misery and poverty, but they need help. They are
aware of the huge difference between their standard of living and that or the West. If the
West does not help these backward countries in developing their resources, their
impatience and discontent will go on increasing. They will remain unstable and will
become a danger to world peace.
In today’s world, war and peace and prosperity are indivisible. Discontent and instability
in one part of the world are bound to affect other parts. America and other countries or
the West must help Asia for the sake of world peace. They must help this vast continent
in the fields of technology and industry. This will enable millions or people to overc.0Jne
their misery and poverty.
Q.4 What are the demands that our freedom makes on us?
Ans. The first duty of a free nation is to protect its freedom. If it cannot defend its
freedom, it disgraces not only itself but also the free people of the whole world.
Therefore, our first duty is to protect our freedom. And this would require continuous
effort and vigilance.
Freedom from foreign rule only is not real or complete freedom. It is only the first stage,
though a very important stage. People should be able to choose their government is not
enough. True freedom means freedom from poverty, disease, and ignorance. When a
nation overcomes these evils, it will become a truly free nation.
During the last two or three centuries of foreign rule, we have remained backward while
the West has achieved great progress and prosperity. We have to march on al double
pace to catch up with the developed countries of the world. While holding fast to our faith
we must acquire modern technology very quickly to make Pakistan a prosperous
country.
Q .5 How, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, did the creation of two states in the
Indian sub-continent contribute to the creation of stability in Asia?
Ans. Undivided India was a vast sub-continent where one hundred million Muslins lived
with three hundred million other people, mostly Hindus. The Muslims and the Hindus
were in fact two very different nations who had almost nothing in common.
The Muslims believe in the unity of God and in all the prophets. They believe in the
equality of all human beings. Their religion prescribes laws that encourage social justice.
The Hindus worship many gods. They believe in a caste system that divided human
beings into superior and inferior classes. It is a sin for the superior castes even to touch
a person belonging to the inferior or ‘untouchable’ class,
It was a fact that these two nations could never live in peace in one country when the
British left India. The Hindus were determined to rule free India according to their own
ideology which did not tolerate any other culture. The Muslims were equally determined
to defend their religion and culture. They were numerous enough and strong enough to
do so.
The result of this would have been a never-ending civil war in India. The creation of
Pakistan did avert this very dangerous situation. Later history or the relations between
Pakistan and Bharat has confirmed this.