Collaboration during the Japanese Period- PPT GUIDE

WHEN

Japanese occupation in the philippines happened during world war 2. The two opposing sides were
actually the americans and the japanese. The ph was caught in between because we were under the
americans during that time. It was the period after when the spaniards sold us to the americans.

December 8, 1941 First attack

aerial bombing followed by landing of ground troops both in the north and south bounds of manila

The american and filipino troops were disadvantaged because they cannot bring backup weapons and
troops since the japanese bombed pearl harbor where military base of the americans were located, just
10hrs before they bombed the philippines.
Dec 26, 1941 Manila Open City

open city meaning that all defenses in the area are laid down or removed and is open for occupation.
The japanese/ opposing team is expected to occupy manila without attacking it. This was done to
prevent further destruction.

Jan 2, 1942

Japanese entered manila

Feb 18, 1942

Commonwealth left manila- manuel quezon lobbied to send american troops to the Philippines

The american and filipino troops were getting weaker and were continuously lacking resources such as
food, water, weapons, and backup troops while the japanese were continuously attacking them.
April 9, 1942

bataan forces surrendered to stop the killing of his defenseless men

April 10, 1942

death march: (marieveles, bataan to san fernando, pampanga; lasted for 5 days)those who could not
keep up were killed. Merciful killing were (beheading, shooting, and cutting the throats). Some were
tortured by (bayonet stabbings, disembowelment, and numerous riffle butt beating)

May 7, 1942

Gen Wainright commanded to lower the american flag in Corregidor hoping that a massacre will be
avoided.
WHERE

Cities in Luzon

 The Japanese Imperial Army bombed and attacked some of the cities in Luzon and successfully
penetrated America's line of defense.
Washington DC

 Quezon went to the United states with some other Filipino elite to form a government in exile

Bataan

 The 76,000 starving and sick American and Filipino defenders on Bataan surrendered on 9 April
1942, and were forced to endure the infamous Bataan Death March on which 7,000–10,000 died
or were murdered.

WHO

Jorge Vargas

 When the Japanese invaded the country in 1941, Vargas was designated to the Department of
National Defense as its secretary. A few weeks later, he was appointed by President Manuel
Quezon as mayor of the City of Greater Manila in 1941. His responsibilities included
administering the open city upon the arrival of occupational troops of the Imperial Japanese
Army on January 2, 1942. By 1942, Vargas became chairman of the Japanese-sponsored
Philippine Executive Commission. During the collaborationist Second Philippine Republic, he was
once asked by the Japanese to assume the Presidency, but he declined. He instead served as the
regime's Ambassador to Japan. In that position, he was quoted shortly before Japanese troops
were driven from Manila as stating that "we know Japan is destined for sure victory and
prosperity for ages to come.

José Paciano Laurel y García, CCLH

 was a Filipino politician and judge. He was the president of the Second Philippine Republic, a
Japanese puppet state when occupied during World War II, from 1943 to 1945.

WHAT

Japanese collaborators

GANAPs

 serve as spies for the Japanese military authorities

 pro- Japanese Sakdalistas headed by Benigno Ramos
 from tagalog word ganap meaning complete
 Benigno Ramos- tagalog writer and founder of sakdal party
 Informers and spies
 Led several guerilla fighters to death
PULAHULANES

 acted as guide for the Japanese in their efforts to arrest people who supported the guerilla cause
 guide of Japanese to arrest people who support guerilla case

PALAAKs
 worked as guards for Japanese army
 Members of bamboo army organized by the Japanese military authorities
 members of the bamboo army- armed with bamboo spears
 Required to report to Japanese authorities the presence of guerillas
UNITED NIPPON

 armed with rifles and wore army uniforms as part of Japanese Military army
 military forces from the Ganap party
 rifles and military uniforms
 Military adjunct of the Nippon
 Armed and trained

PAMPARS (pambangsang pag-asa ng mga anak ni RIzal)-

 organized in Pililia, Rizal,

 United nippon who were armed with rifles and provided with military uniforms by the Japanese
 Organized by Crisanto Pendon of Pililla, Rizal ,and the dreaded Makapilis
 Crisanto (Cristino) Pendon of Pililla
 Trained and equiped in combat

MAKAPILI(Makabayang katipunan ng mga Pilipino)

 headed by Artemio Ricarte, Benigno ramos, pio duran

 Frequently raid houses and arrest men whom they suspect to be members of the guerilla
movements or those who sympathize and with the Americans and the guerillas
 Organized by Artemio Katipunan- former Captain General of the Aguinaldo Cabinet, Benigno
Ramos and Pio Duran
 worst among the collaborators
 Dec 8, 1944
 Attend by the commander in chief of the Japanese imperial army - General Tomoyuki Yamashita-
He was appointed as the Commanding General of the 14th Area Army to defend the Philippines
from an impending American invasion
 Largest salaried force
 To suppress guerilla resistance

WHY
Why did the collaboration happened?

So basically,Vargas and Laurel did not, by their own free will, accept the occupation of the
Japanese and its power of the country, they made decisions that were for the greater good of the
citizens. They were pretending to be collaborators with the Japanese, this is why they were being tagged
as traitors, not knowing that they were only doing this to shield Filipinos from danger, torture and even
death. They wanted to use their status level in order to smooth things between the Filipinos and the
Japanese so that they can live up the ex-presidents expectations from them. During the war, they did
everything they could do to protect the people of the Philippines.
However, according to the Malacañang page, Vargas, from his own words believed that the
Japanese came to as not as enemies but liberating army of fellow orientals. So with this being said, we
can see the difference when it comes to the reason why they collaborated with the Japanese. With our
first source it is said that it is a form of sacrifice while in our second source, Vargas thought that the
Japanese has clear motives with the Filipinos.

AUTHOR’S NOTE
1. With this, the author said that Laurel attacks the US for their lack of ability to protect the Philippines.
Also, for Laurel the entire reason that the Filipinos collaborated with the Japanese was due to the
unpreparedness of the United States on defending the Philippines.

2. This was an interesting argument for Laurel since he was trying to defend himself from the accusations
that he and others in the government were not committing treason as a result of their collaboration with
the Japanese. With this, Laurel talks about being forced into presidency of the Philippines. He also
mentions how he and his wife were against this because it would make him seen as if he were
intentionally collaborating with the Japanese. Laurel accept the presidency because he knew that he did
not accept this,the Japanese would harm him and his family, also making the suffering of the Filipino
even greater. For him, this is simply a sacrifice for his people.

Theory:

Colonialism

 The main reason for the collaborations during the Japanese period is the aim of the Japanese to
make the Philippines part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere under the rule of the
Japanese Empire. The objective of this is to form an economic and military union between
nations in East and Southest Asia against western colonization. However, the Japanese invasion
of the Philippines did not produce a friendly reception from the Filipinos since they were already
colonized by the Americans