Machine Element and Engineering Drawing

Dr. Nyayu Aisyah, S.ST, M.T

 1 Introduction

Introductory
Course 2

3 Material 1
1 Introduction
1. Introduction (About You)
1. Introduction (About me)
NYAYU AISYAH RESEARCH EXPERIENCES
2023 - Present Researcher/Collaborator
National Research and Innovation
Dr. in Mechanical Engineering
Agency (BRIN)
Universitas Indonesia
2019
2017-2018 Short-term Research Student
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES
2023 - Present Lecturer
Universitas Gadjah Mada 2014 Visiting Student
University of Stuttgart, OTH
Teaching Assistant Amberg Weiden, TU Berlin,
2018 - 2019
Universitas Indonesia Germany

+62856-6813-0140 nyayuaisyah@ugm.ac.id Condongcatur, Depok, Sleman

 Introductory
2 Course
2. Introductory Course

TKK211227 (2 credit units)

Machine Element and Engineering Drawing

• Students read and study the syllabus https://elok.ugm.ac.id/course/view.php?id=13103

MEED_2023
• Students read and study material (provided via LMS)
• The lecturer acts as a motivator and facilitator for students
• Number of Meetings: 14 meetings
• Assessment consists of: Activeness, Quiz, Assignments, Mid-exam,
and final-exam
LEARNING OUTCOME
Topics
a. Strain in machine element. (1)
b. Coupling mechanism between machine elements. (2-3)
c. Lubricants and lubrications (4)
d. Bearings, gears, clutch, and bolts, (4-5)
e. Standardization of machine elements (6-7)
f. Introduction to engineering drawing (8)
g. Orthography projection (9)
h. Engineering drawing interpretation (10)
I. Orthographic freehand drawing (11-12)
j. Drawing by using software (13-14)
Pretest
 to machine elements

If the point of contact between the product and people becomes a point of
friction, then the industrial designer has failed. On the other hand, if people
are made safer, more efficient, more comfortable—or just plain happier—by
contact with the product, then the designer has succeeded
The process of Machine Element Design

• Selecting a suitable type of machine element from consideration of its

function
• Estimating the size of the machine element that is likely to be satisfactory
• Evaluating the machine element’s performance against design
requirements or constraints
• Modifying the design and dimensions until the performance is near to
whichever optimum is considered most important
 3 Material 1

A. Strain in machine element

Strain

A B
Strain is defined as the change in size and shape of a body resulting
from the action of an applied stress field
Strain Definition

When a body is subjected to some external force, there is some change

in the dimension of the body. The ratio of change in dimension of body
to its original dimension is called as strain.
Strain is a dimensionless quantity
 Type of Strain

two different ways in which deformation or strain can be distributed within a material
Terminologies Related to Strain
• Longitudinal or Linear Strain
Strain that changes the length of a line without changing its direction.
Can be either compressional or tensional
• Compression
Longitudinal strain that shortens
an object

• Tension
Longitudinal strain that
lengthens an object
Stress and Strain

Compressive Stress

𝐹
Tensile Stress 𝜎𝑐 =
𝐴
𝐹
𝜎𝑡 =
𝐴
https://www.nagwa.com/en/videos/405173095393/
Example
• Imagine you have a metal rod that is initially 1 meter in length (L₀ = 1
m), and due to an applied force, it stretches to a final length of 1.1
meters (L = 1.1 m). We want to calculate the strain that the rod
experienced.
ε = ΔL / L₀
ΔL = L - L₀ = 1.1 m - 1 m = 0.1 m
ε = ΔL / L₀ = 0.1 m / 1 m = 0.1

The strain in this example is 0.1. This value is typically expressed as a

decimal or in percentage terms (multiply by 100 to get the percentage
strain). In this case, the strain would be 10% since 0.1 x 100 = 10.
So, the strain experienced by the metal rod is 0.1 (or 10%)
• Let's use the previous example of the metal rod to calculate the
Young's modulus (also known as the modulus of elasticity or elastic
modulus) of the material. Young's modulus is a measure of a
material's stiffness or resistance to deformation when subjected to an
applied force. It's represented by the symbol "E" and is defined as the
ratio of stress (force per unit area) to strain (deformation).
• Mathematically, Young's modulus (E) can be expressed as:

E = Stress / Strain
Example
• Given that we've already calculated the strain in the previous example
as 0.1 (or 10%), let's assume that the force applied to the metal rod is
10,000 Newtons (N). The cross-sectional area of the rod is 0.01
square meters.
σ=F/A

σ = 10,000 N / 0.01 m² = 1,000,000 N/m² (Pascals or Pa)

E = Stress / Strain = 1,000,000 N/m² / 0.1 = 10,000,000

N/m² or 10 MPa (Megapascals)
Assignment

Makes a group of 2-
3 persons.
Each group should
discuss one of the
topics below:

Student Center Learning

 Stress and Strain Diagram

(A) Ductile Materials (B) Brittle Materials

SCL
 Topics to be discussed:
• There are several types of strain that are commonly considered in the
field of mechanics and materials science. These types of strain
describe different ways in which materials deform under the
influence of external forces.
1.Axial Strain (Longitudinal Strain)
2.Shear Strain
3.Volumetric Strain
4.Lateral Strain (Transverse Strain)
5.Normal Strain
Please explain one of the strain type above and give the example about
how to calculate that type of strain!
SCL
Thank you for your attention

Anyone who has never

made a mistake has
never tried anything new.